Linear Inequalities in two variables

A solution of a linear inequality in two variables is a set of points which satisfies

the inequality. Graphically, It is a region in the XY plane.
For < or > inequalities we use a dashed line. For inequalities we use a
solid line.

A solid line is included in the solution, a dashed line is not.
To solve a linear inequality graphically, We will sketch the line corresponding to
the equation and then strike out the points we do not need.
GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES
1. Solve

Sketch the line y = 10 in the XY plane. Shade the region we not not need.

For inequalities of > or < form, we used dotted lines to sketch. The points on the
dotted line are NOT part of the solution.

2. Solve the inequality ( ) ( )

Sketch y x/2 +1=0 as a dotted line. Strike out the region below the line.

Is ( 0,2) a solution?
Is (1,2) a solution?
Is ( 6,2) a solution?
Verify mathematically or see the graph!!!


Solving systems of inequalities.
Sketch the line corresponding to each inequality separately and strike out the
region we do not need.
{




Line 1: y = -2x + 10.
We require the region above the line!
Line 2: y = x-2.
We require the region above the line!
Any point lying in the unshaded region along with the borders will satisfy both
inequalities.

Application: A firm manufactures two products. The products must be
processed through one department. Product A requires 4 hiours per unit,
product B requires 2 hours per unit. The production time available in the coming
week is 60 hours.
Set up the linear inequality for this restriction.

Let x = total no. of units produced of product A
Y = total no. of units produced of product B
Total hours in production cannot exceed 60. So

Since x and y are production levels, we have

Graphical Solution for
,

( )
We need the region lying below this line:
Also only consider the first quadrant as production levels cannot be negative.



Suppose the products need to be processed through another department alos. If
A requires 3 hours per unit and B requires 5 hours per unit and there are a total
of 75 hours available, set up the inequality describing this and sketch the
solution on the same graph.




Solution is the area ABCD.
Each point in this region gives a combination of the two products which can be
produced.

Points to think about:
Do points on AB satisfy the solution.

On BC??

Why are combinations in the triangle AEB not possible?

Why are combinations in the triangle BCF not possible?

Objective: If each unit of x costs $5 and each unit pf y costs $6, formulate the
objevtive function which will maximize profit.

Maximize z = 5x + 6y
The objective is to see the feasible solution which will give a maximum possible
profit.


The LP model for this problem is:
Maximize z = 5x + 6y
Subject to
,




Linear Programming
This is a mathematical optimization technique, where we try to maximize or
minimize some objective. The most common application of LP is allocating limited
resources among competing activities in a best possible way i.e. the optimal way.
The adjective linear means that all the mathematical functions in this model are
required to be linear functions.
Decision variables: These are the variables for which certain decisions need to be
made in order to achieve our objective.
Objective Function: Function to be maximized or minimized

Constraints: Restricitons/Conditions applied on our decision variables are called
constraints.

Feasible Points: The set of all solutions to the system of linear constraints are
feasible points. There could be infinitely many feasible points.
Feasible Region: The set of all feasible points is called the feasible region.

Nonnegativity Constraint: Every LP practical optimization problem has this
constraint which says that the variables cannot be negative.