Key Business Functions:

Employment Relations
Patrick Stevedores Dispute (1990s)
Pauline DRozario
Yr 12 Business Studies Assessment
St Sc!olasticas "olle#e
E$ecuti%e summary
&!is report pro%ides an analysis o' t!e core (usiness 'unction) employment relations) and its impact on o%erall
(usiness success &!is report e%aluates t!e e''ecti%eness o' employment relations in t!e Patric* Ste%edorin#
"ompany) t!rou#! t!e e$amination o' t!e seminal e%ent in Australian !istory) t!e Patric* Ste%edores Dispute
+1,,-. &!e con'lict (et/een Patric* Ste%edores and t!e 0aritime 1nion o' Australia +01A. is seen as t!e most
si#ni'icant industrial dispute o' t!e 1,,2s3 institutin# rami'ications to t!e /!ole industry and %eri'yin# t!e po/er
o' unions in t!e /or*'orce &!is report pro%ides insi#!t into !o/ t!is industrial dispute e%ol%ed and /as later
resol%ed A detailed e$planation o' t!e types o' industrial action underta*en and t!e /ays in /!ic! t!e dispute
!as impacted %arious sta*e!olders) is also presented &!ese o(4ecti%es are ac!ie%ed t!rou#! t!e inclusion o'
t!e 'ollo/in#:
1 "auses o' t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute
2 Processes used to resol%e t!e dispute
5 &ypes o' industrial action underta*en (y (ot! parties +Patric* Ste%edores and 01A.
6 7ays in /!ic! t!e dispute !as impacted on t!e 'ollo/in# sta*e!olders:
a. Employees
(. Patric* Ste%edores
c. &!e 1nion +01A.
d. &!e 8o%ernment
9 "onclusion
:ote: t!e report aims to present an o(4ecti%e analysis o' t!e con'lict) pro%idin# t!e reader /it! an un(iased and
compre!ensi%e understandin# o' t!e dispute
1 "auses o' t!e Patric* Ste%edores Dispute
7ater'ront re'orm !as remained an issue /!ic! t!e Australian #o%ernment !as attempted to address in order to
impro%e t!e e''iciency o' t!e importin# and e$portin# o' products in Australia ;n 1,,-) /ater'ront re'orm (ecame
reco#nised as o' national si#ni'icance as Australia /itnessed o' one o' t!e most in'luential industrial con'licts in
t!e nations !istory) t!e Patric* Ste%edores 7ater'ront dispute &!is con'lict 'ocused on modi'yin# /ater'ront
mana#ement) conse<uently a''ectin# t!e entire /or*place relations system across Australia &!e reluctance o'
(ot! Patric* and t!e 01A to cooperate in ne#otiations on a /ide ran#e o' issues is one o' t!e main causes o'
t!e dispute &!e main 'actors in'luencin# t!e e%olution o' t!is dispute are related to /a#e demands and /or*in#
conditions +economic='inancial.) tec!nolo#ical) and political matters:
Economic='inancial
;n t!e early 1,,2s) producti%ity and e''iciency (ecame a matter o' #reat importance 'or t!e Australian
Ste%edorin# 'irm) Patric* Ste%edores &!e "ompany identi'ied t!at in order to attract s!ipo/ners and remain in
a competiti%e position) t!e 'irm must reduce e$penses +particularly la(our costs.) impro%e producti%ity) and
reduce prices ;n order to ac!ie%e t!ese aims) "!ris "orri#an +mana#in# director o' Patric* at t!e time. created
redundancies) reduced o%ertime sanctions 'or permanent employees) and (e#an !irin# more contract
employees on a casual (asis Patric* also intended to implement t!ese c!an#es to /a#e and /or*in#
conditions (ecause a report (y t!e Producti%ity "ommission 'ound t!at (y cuttin# mannin# le%els (y 92> could
dramatically impro%e producti%ity
1
Furt!ermore) t!ere /as no consultation /it! employees in ad4ustments made
to mana#ement policies) /!ic! included an operation in Du(ai to train non?union /or*ers) and si#ni'icant company
restructurin# &!e 01A and A"&1 did not o(4ect to t!e e''orts (y "orri#an to increase Patric*s e''iciency) (ut
only to t!e /ay in /!ic! t!is /as done 0any employees resisted t!ese c!an#es) !ence con'licts arose
&ec!nolo#ical
Since "!ris "orri#an (ased !is (elie' o' t!e need 'or impro%ed producti%ity on (enc!mar*s) t!e
0aritime 1nion o' Australia +01A. c!allen#ed t!is (elie') statin# t!at producti%ity cannot (e accurately
measured due to 'actors o' o(solete tec!nolo#y and t!e nature o' container trade +ie s!ip size) doc*yard
layout. &!is /as anot!er cause o' t!e dispute
Political
&!e Workplace Relations Act 1996 /as introduced (y t!e @o/ard #o%ernment at t!e time) and /as percei%ed
(y union /or*ers as a /ay in /!ic! to remo%e certain aspects o' t!eir po/er) At!e most malicious and %indicti%e
piece o' le#islation t!at t!e country !as e%er seenB
2
;n 1,,C) a (rie' prepared 'or t!e P0 /as lea*ed) *no/n as
t!e D7ater'ront Strate#y) /!ic! claimed t!e Dremo%al o' 01A=A"&1 control o%er t!e /ater'ront Eto
demonstrate t!e e''ecti%eness o' t!e 8o%ernments industrial relations and transport re'orms
5
&!e Australian
#o%ernment not only supported Patric* Ste%edores attempt 'or increased producti%ity and competiti%eness 'or
t!ese reasons) (ut also /it! t!e purpose o' ma*in# t!e /ater'ront more Dcost e''ecti%e /!ic! /ill D!a%e a 'lo/ on
e''ect into ot!er sectors o' industry
2
&!e unions +01A and A"&1. (elie%ed t!at a conspiracy !ad arisen amon#
t!e #o%ernment and Patric* Ste%edores to unla/'ully remo%e union /or*ers +ie t!e entire /or*'orce. 'rom t!e
/ater'ront industry &!is /as anot!er main cause o' t!e dispute
2 Processes used to resol%e t!e dispute
"on'lict in a (usiness is ine%ita(le3 !o/e%er t!e c!allen#e 'or mana#ers is to de%elop an e''ecti%e system to
resol%e t!e con'lict /it!out dama#in# t!e or#anisation and its per'ormance ;n Patric* Ste%edores) t!e disputes
resolution procedure 'ailed to resol%e disputes e''ecti%ely
6
&!is can (e made e%ident t!rou#! t!e companys
dispute resolution system contrasted a#ainst t!e su##ested procedure outlined (y t!e Australian ;ndustrial
Relations "ommission +A;R".
Patric* Ste%edores 'ailed to per'orm #rie%ance procedures) t!at is) t!e company 'ailed to noti'y t!e
union o' t!e industrial matters /!ic! may #i%e rise to industrial disputes
6
&!is contra%ention o' t!e disputes
resolution procedure !ad un'a%ora(le a''ects on t!e con'lict) rapidly escalatin# t!e issue as a serious dispute
:e#otiations (et/een t!e 01A and Patric* 'or re'orm o' /or*in# arran#ements !ad (een in pro#ress
since 1,,C3 !o/e%er) employees #enerally resisted attempts to impro%e t!e cost e''ecti%eness o' Patric*) mainly
(y insistin# t!e retainment o' arran#ements /!ic! #enerated lar#e amounts o' o%ertime
9
As a result o'
uncompromised decisions) ne#otiations /ere !eld at a 'ederal le%el
2
Fn 6
t!
0ay 1,,-) t!e @i#! "ourt (e#an
ne#otiations to/ards a peace pac*a#e (et/een t!e 01A and Patric* &!is ne/ /or* a#reement /as adopted (y
t!e company employees in Gune 1,,-) speci'yin# a near?!al%in# o' t!e permanent /or*'orce t!rou#! %oluntary
redundancies) t!e casualisation and contractin# out o' some 4o(s) lon#er re#ular !ours) company control o%er
rosterin#) and producti%ity (onuses 'or 'aster loadin#
H
&!e 01A and A"&1 /ere satis'ied /it! t!e outcome as
it restored 01As industrial role in Patric* operations) interposin# t!em as a ne#otiatin# partner 'or all 'uture
discussions o' /ater'ront re'orm
1
: Go!n "oom(s +01A Secretary.) A/e #ot e$actly /!at /e /anted
C
)B 8re#
"om(et) AF%erall) /e are e$tremely pleased
-
B @o/e%er) mem(ers o' t!e 01A /ere not satis'ied) and /!ar'ies
i

soon (e#an to re(el a#ainst t!e ne/ conditions /!ic! Go!n "oom(s !ad promoted so stron#ly &!e 'inal
ne#otiations /ere initiated (y t!e 01A) /!o /ere a(le to ne#otiate a 'air pac*a#e 'or /or*ers /!ile con'ormin#
to Patric*s o(4ecti%es &!e 'le$i(ility o' (ot! parties lead to t!e e%entual compromised deal) /it! a 'inal settlement
on redundancies introduced in Septem(er 1,,-
As an alternati%e 'orm o' dispute resolution) mediation occurs usin# a trained ne#otiator) aidin# t!e t/o
parties in t!e 'ormation o' a compromise outside o' court 0ediation /as carried out durin# t!e dispute) (ut only
to a certain e$tent &!e AIP re'erred to t!eir position as t!e Dmediator) loo*in# to ne#otiate and compromise
(et/een t!e t/o opposin# sides
2
@o/e%er) 'or t!e 'irst t/o /ee*s a'ter Patric*s ille#al sac*in# o' employees
+C
t!
April 1,,-.) t!e AIP parliamentary leaders *ept /ell clear o' pic*et lines
ii
and re'used to ma*e pu(lic
statements in support o' t!e 01A Beazley +opposition leader at t!e time.) merely called on @o/ard to act as a
Apeacema*erB
2
&!is did not o''er (ot! parties muc! assistance in t!e dispute resolution process
"onciliation is similar to t!e met!od o' mediation3 !o/e%er) t!e indi%idual conductin# t!e conciliation
process is an independent conciliation commissioner /!o attempts to ne#otiate a mutually accepta(le
a#reement +rat!er t!an directin# t!e t/o parties to/ards t!eir o/n a#reement) as in mediation. &!e Patric*
Ste%edores dispute under/ent t!is met!od o' dispute resolution since an a#reement /as not reac!ed &!e
dispute /as re'erred to t!e Australian "ompetition and "onsumer "ommission +A""". Alan Fels) c!airman o'
t!e A""") stated t!at A01A and Patric* came to us and as*ed a(out a possi(le settlement) and /e pro%ided
pri%ately an outline o' t!e parameters 'or a settlementB
,
@o/e%er) t!is pro%ed ine''ecti%e and (ot! parties
decided to drop t!e case &!e A""" insisted t!at t!ey /ere not #oin# to 4ust drop t!e case unless somet!in#
/as done a(out t!e (usinesses dama#ed (y t!e 01AJs alle#ed trade practices misconduct
,
&!e 01A
protested a#ainst t!is action (y t!e A""") statin# t!at t!ey /ere Adri%en to it (y unla/'ul actionB
,
and as*ed t!at
anot!er conciliation commissioner (e appointed Patric* re'used t!e 01A re<uest t!at t!e dispute (e su(mitted
to ar(itration
12
+/!ere a 4ud#e e%aluates ar#uments and comes to a decision. A'ter a lon# industrial dispute and
a series o' court cases +t!e A;R" did not inter%ene.
11
) t!e con'lict /as settled out o' court Patric* a#reed to pay
all costs +KC9 million. and drop all liti#ation claims a#ainst t!e 01A) a(andonin# e''orts to replace t!e union
/or*'orce ;n return) t!e 01A dropped its c!ar#es a#ainst Patric* &!is 'inal a#reement /as reac!ed in
Septem(er 1,,-
5 &ypes o' industrial action underta*en (y (ot! parties
;ndustrial action is de'ined as anyt!in# per'ormed in contemplation or 'urt!erance o' a trade dispute desi#ned to
compel t!e employer=employee to accede to t!e employees=employers demands
12
;ndustrial actions can (e
up'ront and !i#!ly %isi(le to all parties +o%ert.) or uno''icial and more su(tle +co%ert. &!e types o' industrial
action underta*en (y (ot! Patric* Ste%edores and t!e 01A are e$pressed as 'ollo/s
Patric* Ste%edores
F%ert mani'estations o' industrial action (y Patric* mana#ement included:
Dismissal=retrenc!ment : Fn C
t!
April 1,--) Patric* Ste%edores sac*ed its entire unionised /or*'orce o'
1622 permanent and H22 casual employees
15
&!e dismissal o' /or*ers /as e$ecuted (y Patric*
Ste%edores in order to de(ilitate t!e union mo%ement and introduce its ne/ non?la(our /or*'orce
Ioc*outs : loc*outs occur /!en employers (loc* entrance to a /or*place and re'use admission to
employees ;mmediately 'ollo/in# t!e termination o' t!e employees) Patric* en'orced a loc*out /!ic!
continued 'or o%er a mont! &!e company !ad 'ull support 'rom t!e Federal #o%ernment as t!e
#o%ernment also /is!ed to increase Australias international competiti%eness @undreds o' armed
security #uards and #uard do#s entered Patric*s 1C /!ar%es across Australia) 'orcin# unionists out o'
t!e compound
"o%ert e$pressions o' industrial action (y Patric* Ste%edores included:
o E$clusion 'rom decision?ma*in# : &!e union employees /ere not in'ormed o' t!e companys plans in
modi'yin# mana#ement policies) includin# t!e trainin# o' non?union /or*ers in Du(ai) and si#ni'icant
company restructurin#
0aritime 1nion o' Australia +01A.
F%ert mani'estations o' industrial action (y t!e 01A included:
Stri*es : stri*es re'er to circumstances /!en employees /it!dra/ t!eir la(our &!rou#!out t!e duration
o' t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute) /ildcat stri*es and rollin# stri*es occurred 7ildcat stri*es are
industrial actions /!ic! ta*e place /it!out union appro%al ;n t!e dispute) %iolent protests +ie /!en
protestin# union mem(ers attempted to rip do/n t!e terminal #ates. /ere unaut!orized (y t!e 01A
&!e rollin# stri*es occurred in inter%als o' 6-!rs so as to circum%ent t!e C2!r rule o' section 12C o' t!e
7or*place Relations Act 1,,H
16

Pic*ets : pic*ets are protests 'ormed /!en stri*in# /or*ers #at!er outside t!e (usiness) pre%entin# entry
into t!e /or*place Stri*es a#ainst Patric* /ere accompanied (y pic*et lines surroundin# Ports across
Australia &!ese pic*ets created (loc*ades) pre%entin# e''icient operation 'or Patric* &!e pic*ets /ere
also accompanied (y e$tensi%e media co%era#e) /!ic! resulted in t!ousands o' /or*ers /al*in# o''
t!eir 4o(s to 4oin pic*et lines outside *ey ports An order 'or t!e 01A to li't its (loc*ade /as #ranted 'or
Patric*3 !o/e%er limited attempts /ere made to do so due to 'ear o' incitin# an immense) uncontrolla(le
response
"o%ert e$pressions o' industrial action (y t!e 01A included:
o Sa(ota#e : sa(ota#e is t!e deli(erate dama#e o' /or*place e<uipment) or inter'erence /it! operation
systems "!ris "orri#an states t!at +a'ter ne/ /ater'ront re'orms. t!e 01A !ad made !is (usiness
unproducti%e) ma*in# crate rates slo/ +/!ar'ies /ere only mo%in# 1-- containers on and o'' s!ips per
!our.
19
"orri#an (lames t!e 01A 'or continuin# to sa(ota#e Patric*s operations) s!o/n in
disappointin# crane rates and lo/ le%els o' producti%ity
o @i#! la(our turno%er : turno%er measures t!e num(er o' employees lea%in# t!e (usiness due to
%oluntary resi#nations or dismissals Io/ morale and unaccepta(le /or*in# conditions a''ect
producti%ity and increase sta'' turno%er
6 7ays in /!ic! t!e dispute !as impacted on sta*e!olders
"on'lict in a (usiness can impact sta*e!olders (ot! positi%ely and ne#ati%ely &!ere are many (ene'its and
detriments o' industrial con'lict) /!ic! can a''ect sta*e!olders 'inancially) politically) personally) socially and
internationally &!is section aims to assess t!e /ays in /!ic! t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute !as impacted
employees) Patric* Ste%edores +t!e company.) t!e 1nion +01A.) and t!e #o%ernment
a. Employees
Employees are primary corporate sta*e!olders /!ose interests must (e considered (y mana#ers in order to
ensure smoot! operation o' (usiness acti%ities &!e /ays in /!ic! t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute !as impacted
employees !a%e (een (ot! positi%e and ne#ati%e
Belo/ are (ene'icial impacts on employees as a result o' t!e industrial con'lict:
Financially : employee /a#es a'ter t!e dispute ran#ed 'rom K62)222 to KH2)222 +5 $ 6> increases.
1H

Politically : t!e need to protect /or*er entitlements !as since (ecome an issue o' increased importance
Personally : t!e increase in /a#es !as pro%ided /or*ers /it! a #reater incenti%e and moti%ation
:e#ati%e impacts /!ic! t!e dispute !as created 'or employees:
Financially : A'ter t!e dispute) many /or*ers su''ered 'inancial loss in terms o' lost /a#es) entitlements
and employment 0any /!ar'ies !ad no (ase income 'or mont!s
2

Personally : As a result o' t!e dispute) t!ere !as (een an au#mented le%el o' resentment to/ards
mana#ement (ecause o' t!e si#ni'icant emotional e''ect /!ic! t!e dispute !ad on a ma4ority o'
employees +ie depression) p!ysiolo#ical dama#e.
Socially : community (itterness to/ards employees occurred) as some mem(ers o' t!e pu(lic /ere
a#ainst t!e unionist /or*ers and t!eir opinions to/ards t!e con'lict
Alt!ou#! t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute !as !ad %arious (ene'icial impacts on employees) t!e amount o'
incon%eniences and ne#ati%e impacts pre%ent some employees in distin#uis!in# t!e reim(ursements "urrent
national secretary o' t!e 0aritime 7or*ers 1nion) Paddy "rumlin) states t!at t!e dispute !as resulted in an
Aenormous !uman costB
1C
&!e dispute !as a''ected employees (ot! mentally and p!ysically +t!rou#! %iolent
stri*es.) and it is yet to (e said i' t!e dispute /as /ort! its immense (attle
(. Patric* Ste%edores
&!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute is *no/n as one o' t!e lar#est industrial disputes in Australian !istory &!rou#!
t!e con'lict) t!e company !as e$perienced (ot! ad%anta#eous and disad%anta#eous a''ects
Belo/ are (ene'icial impacts on Patric* Ste%edores as a result o' t!e industrial con'lict:
Financially : A spo*es/oman !as stated t!at t!e re'orms !a%e deli%ered permanent impro%ements in
producti%ity at t!e ports) (rin#in# #reat (ene'it 'or t!e company and t!e Australian economy
1C
"!ris
"orri#an claims t!at t!e ne/ le%els o' producti%ity /ill sa%e t!e company /ell o%er K62 million a year
1-

Socially : Patric* !as in%ested in Dro(ot tec!nolo#y de%elopment at Sydney 1ni%ersity &!is !as
impro%ed producti%ity in t!e /!ar%es
1,

;nternationally : "!an#es to /or* practices 'ollo/in# t!e dispute !a%e impro%ed Patric*s international
competiti%eness For one) Australian container terminal crane rates !a%e la##ed (e!ind ot!er #lo(al
companies Since Patric*s ne/ enterprise a#reement /it! t!e union) crane li't rates !a%e impro%ed
'rom an a%era#e o' appro$imately 1-9 per !r to a current a%era#e o' 229
22
&!is may create more
opportunities 'or international e$pansion
@o/e%er) t!ere !a%e (een %arious ne#ati%e impacts /!ic! t!e dispute !as created 'or t!e company:
Financially : Patric* Ste%edores endured !i#! costs as a result o' t!e dispute &!ese costs included
payment 'or outstandin# /a#es) loss o' sales +due to t!e non?operatin# /or*'orce. and e$pensi%e court
'ees
Socially : Patric* Ste%edores !as ac<uired a ne#ati%e ima#e amon# t!e /or*in# class) creatin# tension
/it! t!e local communities /!o still retain le%els o' resentment to/ards t!e company
&!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute !ad an immense impact on Patric* Ste%edores) (ot! positi%ely and ne#ati%ely
Despite t!e many (ene'its t!e con'lict !as pro%ided 'or t!e company) t!e o%erall impact o' t!e dispute !as (een
an enormous dama#in# (lo/ 'or t!e (usiness 01A secretary) Go!n "oom(s) states t!at Aproducti%ity may (e
(etter) (ut at t!e end o' t!e day in terms o' t!e Patric* companies and "!ris "orri#an as an employer) ; t!in* it
/ill ta*e a lon#) lon# time) i' e%er) t!at employees /ill e%er #et rid o' t!eir !atred o' /!at !e put t!em t!rou#! in
1,,-B
22

c. &!e 1nion +01A.
&!rou#! t!e e$tensi%e (attle (et/een Patric* Ste%edores) t!e 01A !as o(tained many (ene'its and also
su''ered muc! dama#e
Bene'icial impacts on t!e 01A as a result o' t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute:
Financially : t!e a#reement meant t!at t!e 01A /ould recei%e its payment o' le#al 'ees (y Patric*) as /ell
as t/o /ee*s pay lost (y its mem(ers /!en Patric* appealed Gustice :ort!s order
1H

Socially : t!e 01A possesses a ma4or industrial role in Patric* operations) interposin# t!em as a
ne#otiatin# partner 'or all 'uture discussions o' /ater'ront re'orm
1

A main ne#ati%e impact /!ic! t!e dispute !as created 'or t!e 01A is t!at t!ere !as (een muc! disruption to
union mem(ers /a#e and /or*in# conditions &!e dispute sa/ H29 permanent 4o(s destroyed) 122 /or*in#
conditions eliminated and nearly 222 non?core maintenance 4o(s outsourced
1-
F%ertime (ene'its !a%e also
(ecome limited &!ese !a%e trou(led mem(ers o' t!e 01A) causin# t!em to <uestion t!e 01As aut!ority and
in'luence in t!e decision?ma*in# process
2
Iac!lan Payne 'rom t!e Australian S!ippin# Federation says) Ait +t!e
dispute. /as a !i#!er sta*es strate#y /!ic! created %ery (i# e$pectations) and t!eyre e$pectations t!at !a%ent
(een met &!eres a (i# disappointment t!at t!ey !a%ent (een metB
22

As a result o' positi%e conse<uences 'rom t!e dispute) many mem(ers o' t!e 01A re'er to outcome o' t!e
con'lict as a D%ictory 'or t!e 01A
1-
@o/e%er) t!rou#! t!e e$amination o' t!e ne#ati%e impacts o' t!e dispute)
one cannot (e certain o' t!e o%erall a''ect /!ic! t!e con'lict !ad on t!e union Go!n "oom(s stated) APeople can
ma*e up t!eir o/n mind /!o t!e /inners and t!e losers areEt!e 01A is still in operation out t!ereB
2

d. &!e 8o%ernment
&!e Australian 8o%ernment /as #reatly a''ected (y t!e outcomes o' t!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute
A si#ni'icant (ene'icial impact on t!e #o%ernment as a result o' t!e industrial con'lict !as (een t!at t!e
#o%ernment !as succeeded in t!e re'ormation o' t!e /ater'ront &!is !as ac!ie%ed producti%ity #ains) /!ic!
!a%e in turn !ad a positi%e impact on t!e economy
&!ere !a%e also (een disad%anta#es 'or t!e #o%ernment as a result o' t!e lar#e scale dispute Australias
tradin# reputation !as no/ (een dama#ed) causin# complications 'or ot!er (usinesses &!e Federal
#o%ernment !as also !ad to 'und redundancies 'or Patric* Ste%edores) a total o' K-2 million
2
0oreo%er) t!e
Dconspiracy (et/een t!e @ar/ood #o%ernment and Patric*) !as also created a ne#ati%e ima#e 'or t!e li(eral
#o%ernment 'or t!ose employees a''ected (y t!e dispute
&!e Patric* Ste%edores dispute !ad a positi%e impact on t!e #o%ernment in terms o' producti%ity increases and
(ene'its 'or t!e #reater economy @o/e%er) many /or*ers still retain ne#ati%e associations /it! t!e li(eral
#o%ernment) /!ic! may si#ni'icantly a''ect election opinions and pre'erences
9. "onclusion
&!e /ater'ront dispute /as clearly necessary to end a ten year deadloc* (et/een employees and mana#ement
Patric*s ine''ecti%e mana#ement o' industrial relations /it!in t!e (usiness demonstrated !o/ small issues can
escalate into intense serious matters i' not treated /it! appropriate attention "oom(s states Ait /as totally
unnecessary and /!at it +t!e dispute. did /as un'ortunately set a standard o' industrial relations t!at ; dont
t!in* /e really needed or /ant in t!is countryB
1-
;n opposition) "orri#an (elie%es t!at t!e dispute /as a
necessary catalyst 'or re'orm) statin#) AAll ; did /as accelerate t!e ine%ita(le ; simply (rou#!t !ome to people
t!e direction t!at /e /ere !eadin# Per!aps ; did it in a some/!at dramatic 'as!ion) (ut as a result /e #ot /!at
/e /anted to recei%eB
1-
&!rou#! t!e t/o opposin# %ie/s)
i
7!ar'ies: mem(ers (elon#in# to t!e 0aritime 1nion o' Australia +01A.
ii
Pic*et line: a line o' protestors /!ic! pre%ent %e!icles and non?stri*in# /or*ers 'rom enterin# t!e /or*'orce
1
Appendi$
;nternational Benc!mar*in# o' "ontainer Ste%edorin# +2225. Commonwealt o! Australia" p#16
+!ttp:==///pc#o%au=LLdata=assets=pd'L'ile=222H=-29,=ste%edorin#pd'.
2
Bram(le) & +1,,-. D7ar on t!e 7ater'ront +!ttp:==///ta*%ercom=/!ar'ie=/ot/rt'.
3
D"loa* M Da##er: t!e secret plans emer#e +!ttp:==///muaor#au=/ar=cloa*!tml.
4
DAustralian ;ndustrial Relations "ommission: A%oidance o' Disputes Procedure
+!ttp:==///airc#o%au=A;R;SYS=isys<uery=22295,-c?CCec?6H(6?-Hd6?'(''22'(2d22=1=doc=N!it11.
5
D&!e untold doc*s story: t!e /!ar'ies /!o resisted re'orm +1,,-. $e Australian %inancial Review)
2?5 0ay
6
DDocuments and arti'acts o' Gon Belmonte +"ollection 2. 'ormerly o' Fyn/est) P"S Ste%edores and Sultan o' Fmans :a%y
+!ttp:==en/i*ipediaor#=/i*i=1,,-LAustralianL/ater'rontLdisputeNciteLnote?2.
7
$e Australian) +1,,-. H Au#ust
8
DPatric* pays price 'or doc*s peace +1,,-. $e Australian %inancial Review) Septem(er 6
9
D&!e Ia/ Report: Ie#al "ompromise on t!e Doc*s +1,,-. &ational Radio $ranscripts) Septem(er -
+!ttp:==///a(cnetau=rn=tal*s=-52=la/rpt=lstories=lr,-2,2-!tm.
10
DA "omparison o' t!e 0aritime Disputes o' 1-,2 and 1,,- +1,,,. p#'
+!ttp:==rouo/eduau=c#i=%ie/contentc#iOarticleP12H-Mconte$tPunity.
11
"!apman) S +et al. +2229. (usiness Studies in Action Go!n 7iley M Sons: Australia) 0el(ourne
12
;ndustrial Relations Act 1,,2
13
S%ensen) S +1,,-. D&!e Australian 7!ar' Ioc*out +!ttp:=='indarticlescom=p=articles=miL<a5C-2=isL1,,-12=aiLn--1-211.
14
D7or*place Relations Act 1,,H +!ttp:==///austliieduau=au=le#is=ct!=consolLact=/ra1,,H222=.
15
Ba##io) 8 D7!ar' Production 8oes Bac*/ards +!ttp:==///a(cnetau=/orldtoday=stories=s11-1H6!tm.
16
"ase Study: &!e Patric* Ste%edores and 0aritime 1nion o' Australia dispute
17
8lan%ille) B +222-. D&!e 7ater'ront dispute) 12 years on +!ttp:==///a(cnetau=ne/s=stories=222-=26=2C=222,,-H!tm.
18
"oo*) & +1,,,. D7!at /as t!e Q%ictoryQ on t!e Australian /ater'rontO +!ttp:==////s/sor#=articles=1,,,=apr1,,,=doc*?
a15s!tml.
19
D&!e 7ater'ront: Fne Year Fn +!ttp:==muaor#au=/ar=/'rontLone!tml.
20
D7ar on t!e 7ater'ront: A Year Fn
+!ttp:==sundayninemsncomau=sunday=co%erLstories=transcriptL5-1asp.
Bi(lio#rap!y
Books:
"!apman) S +et al. +2229. (usiness Studies in Action Go!n 7iley M Sons: Australia) 0el(ourne
Sy*es) D +et al. +2221. (usiness Studies )SC Ion#man: Sout! 0el(ourne) Australia
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RAccessed 1-
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Bram(le) & 1,,- RonlineS D7ar on t!e 7ater'ront
!ttp:==///ta*%ercom=/!ar'ie=/ot/rt' RAccessed 1-
t!
0ayS
Ko/alczy*) G 1,,, RonlineS DBac* to t!e Future: A "omparison o' t!e 0aritime Disputes o' 1-,2 and 1,,-
!ttp:==rouo/eduau=c#i=%ie/contentc#iOarticleP12H-Mconte$tPunity RAccessed 1-
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D1,,- Australian 7ater'ront Dispute RonlineS
!ttp:==en/i*ipediaor#=/i*i=1,,-LAustralianL/ater'rontLdispute RAccessed 1-
t!
0ayS
F:eill) S 1,,- RonlineS DFutline o' t!e 7ater'ront Dispute
!ttp:==///ap!#o%au=li(rary=pu(s=";B=1,,C?,-=,-ci(19!tm RAccessed 22
t!
0ayS
DPatric* Ste%edorin# Dismissals RonlineS 222C
!ttp:==///parliamentns/#o%au=prod=PARI0E:&=!ansArtns'=T5Key=IA1,,-262-22,
RAccessed 22
t!
0ayS
&rinca) @ 2222 RonlineS D7ater'ront: t!e Battle t!at "!an#ed Australia
!ttp:==///uo/eduau=arts=4oscci=trincare%ie/!tml RAccessed 22
t!
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DFn t!e 7ater'ront RonlineS 2222
!ttp:==e%attor#au=ne/s=6C!tml RAccessed 22
t!
0ayS
DReli%in# t!e 7ater'ront 7ar RonlineS 222C
!ttp:==///t!ea#ecomau=ne/s=t%??radio=reli%in#?t!e?/ater'ront?/ar=222C=29=2,=11C-5,2522C61!tml
RAccessed 22
t!
0ayS
D"!ris "orri#an: "onspiracy t!eory RonlineS 222C
!ttp:==///t!eaustralianne/scomau=story=2)22-HC)21C65HH2?C9-5)22!tml
RAccessed 22
t!
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