STUDY BLOCK 3 ANSWERS

1. Balance the equations:

(a) (NH4)2S + HgBr2 2NH4Br + HgS
(b) P4O10 + 6H2O 4H3PO4
(c) 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O
(d) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2
(e) NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
(f) 3FeCl2 + 2Na3PO4 Fe3 (PO4)2 + 6NaCl
(g) 3CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3CO2 + 3H2O
(h) C3H7COOH + 5O2 4CO2 + 4H2O
2. One litre of solution contains 0.100 moles of FeCl3 and 0.100 moles of NH4Cl.
Calculate the number of moles of Fe3+ ions, Cl- ions and NH4+ ions in the 1 L of
solution.
From the FeCl3:
In 1 mol of FeCl3 there is 1 mol of Fe3+ and 3 mol of Cl
In 0.1 mol of FeCl3 there is 0.1 mol of Fe3+ and 0.3 mol of Cl
From the NH4Cl:
In 1 mol of NH4Cl there is 1 mol of NH4+ and 1 mol of Cl
In 0.1 mol of NH4Cl there is 0.1 mol of NH4+ and 0.1 mol of Cl
Thus in the 1 L solution:
n(Fe3+) = 0.1 mol
n(Cl) = 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.4 mol
n(NH4+) = 0.1 mol
3. Classify the following reactions as one of: redox, precipitation, decomposition,
acid-base or combustion.
(a) Pb2+(aq) + 2I-(aq) PbI2(s) Precipitation
(b) HCN + OH- H2O + CN- acid-base
(c) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 decomposition
(d) Mg(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s) redox
(e) C2H4 + 4O2 2CO2 + 4H2O + energy combustion
4. How many atoms are there in:
(a) 1 mole of carbon atoms, C? 6.02 1023 C atoms
(b) 1 mole of hydrogen atoms, H? 6.02 1023 H atoms
(c) 1 mole of hydrogen gas, H2? 2 6.02 1023 = 1.204 10 24 H atoms

5. Determine the weight in grams of one silver atom.

Mass of one mole of Ag atoms = 107.9 g mol1
i.e. M(Ag) = 107.9 g mol1
Mass of one Ag atom =

107.9
107.9
=
= 1.79 10 22 g
NA
6.02 10 23

6. Calculate the molar mass (molecular weight) of each of the following:

(a) SiF4 M(SiF4) = 104.09 g mol1
(b) HF M(HF) = 20.008 g mol1
(c) Cl2 M(Cl2) = 70.90 g mol1
(d) Xe M(Xe) = 131.3 g mol1
(e) NO2 M(NO2) = 46.01 g mol1
(f) PtCl4 M(PtCl4) = 336.90 g mol1
(g) ZnBr2 M(ZnBr2) = 225.19 g mol1
(h) CH3NH2 M(CH3NH2) = 31.05 g mol1
7. How many grams of H2 are there in 1.5 moles of H2 gas?
M(H2) = 2.016 g mol1
So, m(H2) = n M(H2) = 1.5 2.016 = 3.024 = 3.0 g (1sf)
8. A chemist weighs out 10 g of water (H2O), 10 g of ammonia (NH3) and 10 g of
hydrogen chloride (HCl). How many moles of each substance does this represent?
Water: M(H2O) = 18.016 g mol1
n(H 2 O) =

m
10
=
= 0.56 mol (2sf)
M 18.016

Ammonia: M(NH3) = 17.034 g mol1

n(NH 3 ) =

10
= 0.59 mol
17.034

Hydrogen chloride: M(HCl) = 36.458 g mol1

n(HCl) =

10
= 0.27 mol
36.458

9. How many moles of atoms are present in 9.00 g of Al? Calculate the number of
aluminium atoms this represents?
n(Al) =

9
= 0.334 mol
26.98

Number of Al atoms = n NA = 0.334 6.02 1023 = 2.01 1023

10. What is the molecular formula of a compound whose molecular mass is 198 and
which contains 24.2% carbon, 4.0% hydrogen, 71.8% chlorine?
C

Cl

24.2

71.8

24.2
12.01
= 2.015

4
1.008
= 3.97

2.015
2.03
1

3.97
2.03
2

71.8
35.45
= 2.03
2.03
2.03
=1

The empirical formulae is CH2Cl

Empirical mass = 12.01 + (2 1.008) + 35.45
= 49.476 g
Molar mass
198
=
=4
emprical mass 49.476

Therefore molecular formula is C4H8Cl4

11. A 100 mg sample of a compound containing only C, H and O was found, by
analysis, to give 149 mg CO2 and 45.5 mg of H2O when burned completely. Calculate
the empirical formula.
To solve this problem, you need to recognize that all the C in the CO2
originated from the unknown compound. Thus if we calculate the mass of C
in the CO2 this will give the mass of C in the unknown compound.
Similarly, all the H in the H2O originated from the unknown compound. Thus
if we calculate the mass of H in the H2O this will give the mass of H in the
unknown compound.
The mass of O can then be found by adding the masses of C and H and
subtracting them from the total mass of the unknown sample.
Mass of C:

n(C) = n(CO 2 ) =

m(CO 2 ) 0.149
=
= 3.39 10 3 mol
M (CO2 ) 44.01

So, m(C) = n M = 3.39 10-3 12.01 = 0.0407 g

Mass of H:
n(H) = 2 n(H 2 O) = 2

m(H 2 O)
0.0455
= 2
= 5.05 10 3 mol
M ( H 2 O)
18.016

So, m(H) = n M = 5.05 10-3 1.008 = 5.09 10-3 g

Mass of O: m(O) = 0.1 (0.0407 + 5.09 10-3) = 0.0542 g

0.0407

0.00509

0.0542

0.00339

0.00505

0.00339

(Divide by smallest number)

1.49

(Round and multiply by 2)

(Divide by molar masses)

The empirical formula is C2H3O2