1.

Saltbush - Atriplex nummulari

2. It possesses a 3-tiered root system. It puts roots down to as much as 5 m and up to 10 m
wide, tapping into underground water and minerals that are deficient in the surface layers.
Its surface roots collect water from light rain and bind the soil, reducing erosion. They can
thrive in extremely saline soils, and can utilise saline underground water, dropping the
watertable away from the root zone of less salt tolerant plants. When grazed, whether by
native or introduced animals, or even insects, the nutrients brought to the surface are
deposited on the soil surface by the grazers, making it more easily available to less deep-
rooted plants.
3.
4. Australian Climate change drying out lead to an accumulation of salt and this increased
salinity
5. Physical temperature and Chemical salt concentration increase
6. Environmental change is the selective pressure which acted upon Salt bush in Australia as
the climate dried out the water was taken from the soil in arid areas, increasing the
concentration of salt in the soil
7. The dryness and salinity of the soil lead the species need to increase the amount of water,
they do so by burying their roots deep within the soil to reach water reserves and can
tolerate the salt within the water.
8. Macroevolution most probably occurred of a lengthened period of time like the
environmental change in Australia, leading the production of a new species


1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
2. MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed, through the process of
natural selection, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins
(methicillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, etc.) and the cephalosporins. The evolution of
such resistance does not cause the organism to be more intrinsically virulent than strains of
Staphylococcus aureus that have no antibiotic resistance, but resistance does make MRSA
infection more difficult to treat with standard types of antibiotics and thus more dangerous.
3.
4. Penicillins became abundant.
5. Chemical change penicillin
6. Environmental change as the environment because inundated with penicillin
7. The species was facing death/extinction as a result of the penicillin therefore they had to
adapt to survive in the environment which otherwise would have led to their death
8. Micro-evolution as the change occurred rapidly within the species due to the fast
reproduction rates.