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TOUCH SWITCH/PLATE
Introduction
The kit combines a touch switch and a touch plate all together in the same kit. In
the touch switch two leads must be shorted together by your finger touching them. In the
touch plate one plate needs to be touched. The touch switch only needs a battery to activate it
but the touch plate requires a main power supply. A relay rated at 240V is included with the kit
so that you may use to switch light or other mains appliances. To use the relay you must use a
12V supply taken from the main power supply.
The use of the relay to switch 220V supply with this project must use the correct
boxes and connectors to protect us. The kit is constructed on a single sided printed circuit
board (PCB). A computer aided design programme is used to design the board.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM








CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The main part of the circuit are the two NAND gates of the 4011 IC which are connected as a
flip-flop. Pins 9 and 13 are the ON and OFF contacts. The two gates are connected to the
positive rail by the two 10M resistors. Shorting one of the gates with the ground rail by
touching it (this is equivalent to connecting about 50K between gate and ground) FLIPs the
output to that state. Shorting out the other contact FLOPs it back again. The output of the flip-
flop drives a transistor connected as a switch. It switches an LED and a relay. The relay is rated
to switch 240V. Connecting the two 1K resistors connects the other two NAND gates of the IC
into the flip-flop and makes it much more sensitive with all four gates connected as flip flop.
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The touch switch works by capacitive pickups to the mains hum. When the contact is touched
body capacitance picking up general RF in the air is enough to short the plate to ground.
Because the touch plate uses mains hum as it method of shorting the gate to ground a mains
connected power supply must be used to supply power to the switch. A battery will not work.
The 4011 is a quad (4 of), 2 input, NAND gate.

PARTS LIST
Resistors
R1, 2, 3 - 1K
R4, 5 - 10M
Semiconductors
D1 -1N 4002
IC1 -4011/14011
Tr1 -BC 557
Miscellaneous
12V Relay 1No
14 pin IC socket 1No.
5mm LED 1No

The kit introduces the 4011 IC. Go through the connections of the IC to determine the
LOW/HIGH levels as the OFF and ON plates are touched. Notice how connecting the two 1K
resistors increases the sensitivity of the circuit.




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DANCING LIGHT/SOUND LEVEL INDICATOR
INTRODUCTION
Here is a simple circuit that can be used for dancing lights or as a sound level
indicator. Most of the record player amplifiers, stereo systems or cassette decks etc. that are
available a few years ago had no such indicators as it was a costly affair. The circuit described
here costs around Rs.50/- and can be installed easily.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM











CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Transistor TI amplifies the signal received through VR1 & C1 at the base of the transistor from
speaker terminals connected between points A & B. the 100k preset VR1 in series with coupling
capacitor C1 serves as the sensitivity control and can be set for the best response. Diode D1 is
used for providing polarity protection to the circuit, in case it is connected with reversed
polarity. R1 is the biasing resistance for T1. Capacitor C2 provides a bit of time delay to give
sufficient time for providing base voltage to transistor T2 and T7 so that they conduct & LEDs
connected at collectors to the transistors glow. Diode D2 to D7 provide base voltages along
with resistances R9 to R14.
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The values of resistors R9 to R14 are chosen in such a way that transistors T2 to T7
conduct in sequence, which the level of sound increases at the maximum sound level, T7 will
conduct while at lower levels it will remain inactive. Diode D2 to D7 ensure unidirectional base
voltages to transistors T2 to T7 for good response. D8 to d14 are LEDs with current limiting
resistance R2 to R8 of 1K, watt each. D8 is Zero sound level LED, which starts glowing as
soon as the system is switched on.
Two similar circuits can be assembled in small veroboards of 7.5cm *5cm
for the two channels of a stereo system.
PART LIST
RESISTORS
R1, 10 -4.7K, R2,3,4,5 - 1K
R6, 7,8 1K, R9 2.2K
R11 6.8K, R12 10K
R13 18K
R14 22K
VR1 100K
CAPACITORS
C1 100UF/10V
C2 220UF/16V
SEMICONDUCTORS
T1 BC 158B
T28 BC 148
D17 - IN 4001
D8.14 LED


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LED DANCING LIGHT (9V)
INTRODUCTION
There are many ways to attract people by wearing colored clothes or by different
hair styles etc. Here is novel idea to attract others towards you. The circuit given below is
nothing but simple multivibrator using transistors.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM








The LEDs are connected to collector of each transistor thus they glow alternatively. PCB is easy
to construct within couple of minutes.
Parts list
R1, R3 56K
R2, R4 100E
Capacitors
C1, 2- 100uf/16V or 4.7uf/16V
Semiconductors
T1,2 BC148
LED Red- 3
LED green- 3

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WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
Introduction
This simple circuit gives an audio visual indication when the overhead tank fills.
The buzzer beeps and LED blinks when the sensor touch pads makes contact through water.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM










Normally the touch pads are free so that the reset pin 12 of IC1 will be high (as set by VR1).This
inhibits the oscillation of IC. IC CD4060 is used as the timer with the timing components C1 and
VR2. IC oscillates when its reset pins 12 turns low. So normally the output of IC1 will be low and
the LED and buzzer remain off. When the water level increases and makes contact with the
touch pads, it shorts and the reset pin 12 of IC1 will turns low. This initiates the oscillation of IC
and the buzzer sounds along with the blinking of LED.




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MUSICAL BURGLAR ALARM