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This document discusses a study on methods for preventing and controlling traffic accidents. It begins with definitions of key terms and then discusses factors that contribute to accidents, including human error, road deficiencies, and vehicle defects. The majority of accidents are found to be caused by human error such as speeding, failure to yield, and intoxication. The document then provides templates for a first responders' report and traffic accident investigation report to collect data at accident scenes. It concludes that enforcing traffic laws and improving driver awareness and training can help reduce accidents.
This document discusses a study on methods for preventing and controlling traffic accidents. It begins with definitions of key terms and then discusses factors that contribute to accidents, including human error, road deficiencies, and vehicle defects. The majority of accidents are found to be caused by human error such as speeding, failure to yield, and intoxication. The document then provides templates for a first responders' report and traffic accident investigation report to collect data at accident scenes. It concludes that enforcing traffic laws and improving driver awareness and training can help reduce accidents.
This document discusses a study on methods for preventing and controlling traffic accidents. It begins with definitions of key terms and then discusses factors that contribute to accidents, including human error, road deficiencies, and vehicle defects. The majority of accidents are found to be caused by human error such as speeding, failure to yield, and intoxication. The document then provides templates for a first responders' report and traffic accident investigation report to collect data at accident scenes. It concludes that enforcing traffic laws and improving driver awareness and training can help reduce accidents.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A DIVERSIFIED METHOD FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
Submitted in partial fulfillment in Traffic Accident and Investigation (CDI 2)
Submitted by:
JOVIE ROSE D. DACOYCOY ALAIN ANTHONY O. AGPALO LEOWEL H. BEJASA AILEEN A. ARELLANO 2 TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
REYNARD M. BERCASIO ALDRIN R. FESTIN KRYTE C. PEREZ MARK ANTHONY R. BARREDO LIAM JOSEPH D. ACEVEDA MAYROSE O. SOLIS CAMILLE R. UNTALAN HERME S. DELA CRUZ BRANDON RAY M. RAPAL JESSE D. AGUBA CARLOS PEEJAY B. EVANGELIO CHRISTIAN BYRON D. MELO RAQUEL P. FADEROGAYA KENEDY MANUEL M. BUHALI
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
Submitted to:
MS. JANENOVELLE A. CUENCA Professor
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October 2012
INTRODUCTION
Road Accident is collision between any vehicles or it can be with any pedestrian, animal or the hindrance placed in the middle of the road. Accidents are very common in big cities as there are many modes of transport and road are narrow and overcrowded. We hear of them and read about them in newspapers almost daily. The accident occurred could result in many injuries or damage to the property.
There are various factors which come into account which can be the reason of accident that is design of the road, driver's impairment and vehicle design which can cause serious and most dangerous types of accidents. Such accidents often result in loss of life and material. These are caused by the carelessness of the drivers and their ignorance and negligence of the traffic rules.
The standards or regulating movements on roads, streets and highways are found in traffic laws, rules, and regulations. In addition, traffic signs, pavement markings, and other control devices are traffic law themselves and violations of such constitute misdemeanor or infraction of law.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
To clearly comprehend this study, the following terms are defined;
Driver shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle. Highways every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue, park, alley and callejon, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by private persons, colleges, universities or other similar instructions. Motor Vehicle shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular power using the public highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn movers, bulldozers, graders, fork-lifts, amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used in public highways, vehicles which run only on rails or tracks, and tractors and traction engines of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes. Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident any motor vehicle accident occurring on a traffic way. Parking or Parked shall mean that a motor vehicle is parked or parking if it has been brought to a stop on the shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and remains inactive in that place or close thereto for an appreciable period of time. Traffic Accident an accident involving travel transportation on a traffic way.
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DISCUSSION
Research studies in the United Kingdom have shown that human factors contribute to the ninety-five percent (95%) of accidents, road factors to about one quarter of a percent, and vehicle factors to fewer than five percent.
Human errors include: Going too fast or excessive speed; Failing to give at junctions; Following too closely; Overtaking immediately; Misperceiving or misjudging the road situation ahead; Intoxication of alcohol or drug; and Lack of skill.
Road deficiencies that are main contributory factors are: Poor design of layout and control at junctions; Inadequate signing, road marking, and lighting; Slippery roads; and Obstructions on the road such as parked vehicle, on going road construction, etc.
Main vehicle factors are: Defects in tires, brakes, and lights; Absence or non-using of seat belts; and Poorly maintained motor vehicles.
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TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PROPER
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FIRST RESPONDERS REPORT VEHICULAR/TRAFFIC ACCIDENT REPORT
_______________________ Date I. POLICE RESPONSE DATA
1. Date/Time Information Received: _________________________________________ 2. Source of Information: __________________________________________________ 3. Address/Location/Tel No.: _______________________________________________ 4. Responding Unit/Mob Car: _________________ 6. Assisting Car/s: ________ 5. Crew Ldr/Members: ______________________ 7. Crew Ldr/Members: _____ 8. Time of Arrival at the Scene: _______________
II. ACCIDENT DATA
1. Place of Accident: _______________________ 3. Date/Time of Accident: __ 2. Vehicle/s Involved: _______________________ 4. Name of Drivers: _______ 6. Name of Vehicle Owner/s: _______________________________________________ 7. Witness Name and Address: _____________________________________________ 8. Road/Weather Condition: _______________________________________________ 9. Condition of Driver/s: _____________________ 10. Condition of Vehicle/s: _
III. ACTIONS TAKEN Yes No
a. Notified Opn Center/Higher Hqs Person Contacted: ________ b. Requested dispatch of Traffic Investigator Time Contacted: __________ c. Alerted units for dragnet opn (in case of Hit-and-Run) Motor Vehicle ID: Type: ___________________ Color: ________ Plate No.: _________ Name /Identity of Driver: _____________________________________________ d. Secured the Accident/Fire Scene 14 TRAFFIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
e. Requested for Ambulance Ambulance ID/Designation: f. In case of Fire, notified nearest Fire Dept. Fire Alarm Received: ______ g. Established Fire Line in Coordination Name of Duty Ofcr: _______ with Fire Ground Comdr (FGC) Rank/Name of FGC: ______ No. of Firetrucks Responded: h. No. of Casualties: (Identity) Died On-the-Spot: ________________________ Injured: _________________ i. Sought assistance of civilians No. of Persons: ___________ j. Evacuated casualties to hospital/ If No, identity of person/s clinic who brought casualties to hospital: ________________ k. Performed traffic direction and control l. Moved vehicles to ease traffic flow Note: Use reverse side to m. Marked NV positions before sketch relative positions moving them of MVs. n. Took pictures of MV positions o. Turnover the case to responding Date/Time: ______________ traffic investigators Name of Investigator/s: ____
____________________________________ Rank/Name/Signature of Team Leader
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CONCLUSION
It is therefore concluded in this study that there are some reasons that violates traffic laws. The following are the common reasons why road users violate traffic laws, rules, and regulations and other traffic statutes; Physical disabilities or infirmities of the driver, Ignorance of the traffic, or unawareness on traffic rules and regulations by the road user, Lack of training and experience on driving on the part of the driver, Drivers lack of concern and interest towards the signs, signals and markings on traffic. The pavements of all main highways have certain markings to help road users to drive safely, those includes the center lines, barrier lines, and directional arrows, depending upon the type of highways and the needs for such markings to make the road safe under varying conditions, but these markings are vanishing and fading away as time goes by, therefore there could be a possibility that accidents will transpire on a particular area. Everyday many people are involved in road accidents. Some are killed. Many more are injured. So it is important for us to learn to use the roads properly and safely. No sane person would like to be involved in an accident. As the roads are very busy nowadays, we should be very careful when crossing one. It is safer to use a pedestrian crossing or an overhead bridge whenever one is available. Never cross a road by dashing across it. That is inviting trouble. If there are no crossings, then we must look carefully right and left and cross only when it is safe to do so.
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RECOMMENDATION
It is highly recommended in this study that the following recommendations must be observed;
To the government, through its Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the main executive department which is responsible for the planning, construction and maintenance of traffic facilities particularly those categorized as national highways and other major road arteries.
To the Philippine National Police (PNP) through its Traffic Management Group (TMG), they should be responsible primarily for the direct enforcement of traffic laws, rules, and regulations. They should also perform other functions such as conducting of information dissemination campaign, submitting traffic scheme proposals, and other functions as need arises.
To the traffic law enforcers, traffic investigators, and other competent authorities, traffic accidents occur due to varying circumstances and only after thorough investigation, when liability and responsibility can be ascertained. Notwithstanding, that no driver will readily accept that he initiated the accident, with these, the above-mentioned authorities are faced with a large task of bringing out the truth on who should be held responsible for the traffic accident, particularly. It is highly recommended that their primary concern should determine how and why the accident occurred.
To all road users, much traffic congestion are caused by slow and unskilled drivers and traffic accidents are mostly attributed to human errors. They should comply with the norms of driving to prevent accident, particularly in driving.
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To the academic institution, primary, secondary and tertiary levels, they are responsible for the basic traffic education by integrating their respective programs and curriculum subjects or topics on traffic education.
To the media and other networking and communication companies, provide necessary and updated traffic related information dissemination to the public through radio and television broadcasting programs.
To other responsible agencies, they are accountable in one way or another help in the easing of traffic related problems.