8.

2 WING AND EMPENNAGE

8.2.1
WING
8.2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
HJT-36 wing is a low wing configuration having L.H. and R.H. wings (no center wing) which are coupled to the fuselage at
discrete attachment points to transfer the wing loads. The wing is basically of 2-spar construction except in root area where
additional spars are used to take up landing gear loads. The wing has dihedral of 2 and incidence of 0.5 degree. Each wing is
fully interchangeable for easy replacement. It is also used as an all metallic integral tank to store the fuel. Provision is also made
for carrying two under wing stores on each wing. Each wing has two control surfaces namely Aileron and Flap. There are no
leading edge high lift devices. The structure is designed using stressed skin concept.
8.2.1.2 Each wing mainly consists of a

Nose Box.

Inter Spar Box.

Wing Tip.

Aileron and Flap

Details are as shown in the figures 8e.
Adequate care will be exercised in tooling to ensure adherence to aerodynamic contours to eliminate problems like wing drop.
8.2.1.3 NOSE BOX
Nose box design is of all metal construction. Aileron control lines run through the nose box. For ease of production and
maintenance, the nose skins will be in number of pieces.
8.2.1.4
INTER SPAR BOX
Inter spar box has an integral fuel tank and also has provision for carrying two external pylons per wing. Inter Spar Box also
houses the main landing gear strut and pivot shaft.
All primary components in the wing like spars, top and bottom skins, root fittings, end rib and root rib etc. are made from high
strength Al. Alloys.
Top and bottom skins are integrally milled stiffened panels to avoid fuel leaks. Fuel filler cap will be provided on top skin and a
drain valve at bottom.
Sealing technology will incorporate use of interfay, bead and topcoat sealants similar to Jaguar technology. Use of sealing
chord/channel sealant to provide additional level of sealing, will also be considered. Special fasteners developed for integral fuel
tanks will be used at the bottom skin level instead of rivets. The integral fuel tank of the wing will be built in controlled
conditions in a separate enclosure (temperature, humidity and dust level will be controlled) to ensure proper sealing application
and good adhesion of the sealant.
8.2.1.5
WING TIP
A glass reinforced plastic tip cap with provision to house navigation lamp is proposed.
8.2.1.6 AILERONS
The Aileron is designed for 20 rotation up and 15 rotation down. For the purpose of design/manufacture, the Aileron can be
considered as an assembly of the following sub components.

Nose Box Assembly.

Aft Box Assembly.

Balance Tab.
The Aileron is an all-metal (Al.Alloy-sheet) Skin-Rib-Spar type construction. It is supported at 3-Hinges (Al.Alloy-bar stock),
and is actuated by a control rod near the inner hinge. Machined brackets are provided at the hinge support points, to attach the
aileron to the wing. The Balance Weights are attached at the Nose and a Balance Tab is also provided to reduce the Hinge
moments.
8.2.1.7
FLAPS
The D-Nose type Flap rotates down by 20 for take off and 35 for landing.
For the purpose of design/manufacture the FLAP can be considered as an assembly of the following sub components.

Nose Box Assembly.

Aft Box Assembly.

The Flap is an all-metal (Al.Alloy-sheet) Skin-Rib-Spar type construction. It is supported at 4-Hinges (Al.Alloy-bar stock) and
is actuated by a control rod near the Inner Hinge. Machined Brackets (Al.Alloy-bar stock) are provided at the Hinge support
points, to attach the Flap to the Wing.

<Picture><Picture: Text Box: Fig 8 e>

8.3 EMPENNAGE
8.3.1 VERTICAL TAIL
Fin: (Ref Fig 8f)
Fin consists of three boxes, viz. Nose Box, Interspar Box and Tip Cap.
Nose Box is a conventional metallic box and consists of chemically etched aluminium alloy skins and Nose Ribs.
Interspar Box is a 3-spar multirib construction, viz. Front Spar, Centre Spar and Rear Spar. Centre Spar carries lug and fork type
of Fin-Fuselage root fitting to transfer Bending Moment and Shear. Front Spar and Rear Spar carries shear fittings. In addition
Rear Spar has three brackets to support the Rudder hinges. The Interspar Box is bounded by Tip Rib at the top and Root Rib at
the bottom. The Interspar Skin is chemically etched to cater for different thicknesses.
Tip cap is made removable and houses V/UHF antenna, tip light etc. and is made of glass composite.
Rudder:
Rudder is supported by three hinges and made of etched metal skin, spar, ribs, and a trailing edge. Rudder is designed to deflect
30. An elongated Nose (set back hinge) is given for Rudder to obtain Aerodynamic Balancing .
A Trim Tab, which is attached to the Rudder, is an all metal skin and rib construction and is operated by an electrical actuator.
The station diagram of Vertical tail is shown in Fig. 8f.
<Picture: Text Box: Fig 8 f><Picture>
8.3.2
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER
INTRODUCTION:
It is an all moving tail with centre box designed to rotate 4 (+1.5 to 6.5 with respect to FRL) by means of an actuator fixed
to the fuselage. The whole tail plane is supported on two hinges with bearings. The tail-plane hinges are lug and fork type with
lug on the rear spar of tail plane and fork on the fuselage bulk-head. Rear spar is sufficiently stiffened to take the hinge reactions.
The cutout in the fuselage facilitates entry and movement of the centre box inside the fuselage. The elevator attached to
stabilizer is designed to deflect 30 up and 25 down.
Horizontal Stabilizer:
The stabilizer consists of two boxes namely, the nose box and inter spar box .
Nose box is an all metallic box and consists of etched aluminium alloy skin and aluminium nose ribs.
Interspar box with centre box is a two spar, multi rib construction with chemically etched skins extending up to the centre line of
the aircraft. The skins of both tail planes are spliced on the I-section rib at the centre line of the aircraft . In addition back-up ribs
are provided in each tail plane to take care of actuator load and tail-plane hinge reactions . In order to stiffen the centre box ,
sparlets are provided.
Elevator:
The Elevator is all metallic single spar multi rib construction and supported on three hinges with chemically etched skin. The
Elevator has a horn to balance the aerodynamic forces . The trailing edge is made of aluminium alloy bar .
The station diagram of Horizontal Stabiliser is shown in Fig. 8g.
<Picture: Text Box: Fig 8 g><Picture>