Volume • 63 No.

3
May • June 2001

The Newsletter of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation

Turf Industry and OSU–Strong Partners

Dr. Chuck Darrah (President, CLC LABS, Westerville, Ohio) is
serving as an industry advisor for a sportsturf research pro-
ject being conducted by Pam Sherratt, visiting scientist for a
Master of Science Degree at OSU on biomass accumulation
on natural grass-carpet stabilizer systems. Dr. John Street
serves as the OSU project advisor.

Inside:
Dollar Spot Management
See pages 30–33

OTF Golf Tournament

Update & Registration Form
See pages 4–5
 Sponsored By:
The Newsletter of the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation

May • June 2001

TurfNews distributes useful and timely advice,

information and research from Ohio’s most
knowledgeable experts and professionals to
OTF members and those in the turfgrass industry.
Vol. 63 • No. 3 • 2001
TurfNews is produced by the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation,
PO Box 3388, Zanesville, Ohio 43702–3388,
1–888–OTF–3445 and is available to all members.
Inside:
www.ohioturfgrass.org Message From The
2001 OTF President . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
OTF Calendar of Events 2001 OTF Events & Golf Tournament . . . 4–5
OTF Golf Tournament OTF News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
July 9, 2001—Blue Ash Golf Club, Cincinnati

OTF/OSU Turfgrass Research Field Day Member Spotlight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

August 15, 2001—OTF Research & Education Facility New Growth and Technology

OTF Golf Tournament Postemergence Herbicide

October 1, 2001—Country Club of Fox Meadow, Medina Crabgrass 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2001 OTF Conference & Show Sports Turf Tips
December 3–6, 2001
Greater Columbus Convention Center
Summer Renovation/Research
Columbus, Ohio Window of Opportunity or Not . . . 14–18
OTF Accessories Order Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
For more information or to register for OTF events, please contact
the OTF office at 888-683-3445 or visit www.ohioturfgrass.org.
New Growth and Technology
Related Events Part 1.
Ohio Sports Turf Managers Association (OSTMA)
May 23—Workshop With Cincinnati Bengals and Reds Characterization of Sands . . . . . 20–25
Call: 419-885-1982 or 740-452-4541 New Growth and Technology
OSTMA Regional Chapter Event—Columbus OSU Grub Control Update . . . . . 26–28
July 18—Call: 419-885-1982 or 740-452-4541
OSTMA Golf Tournament Ask The Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
July 19—Foxfire Golf Club, Columbus
New Growth and Technology
Call: Jeff Limburg 614-462-6718
Ohio Lawn Care Association Golf Tournament Dollar Spot Management:
July 26—Turnberry Summary of Dollar Spot in 2000
Call: 800-510-5296
Ohio Lawn Care Association Diagnostic Field Day And a Look to the Future . . . . . 30–33
August 16—OTF Research & Education Facility Message from the Executive Director . . . . . . . . . 34
Call 800-510-5296
OSTMA Fall Field Day Corporate Sponsor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
September 11—OSU Intramural Complex
Call: 419-885-1982 or 740-452-4541
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 2
Message From
The President
Uniting Ohio‘s
Green Industry
Imembers
would like to thank
from allied orga-
nizations in the green
industry who have shown
interest and taken the time
to work with OTF in col-
laborative efforts in build-
ing strong ties with our related organizations.
The Board of Directors of the Ohio Lawn Care
Association (OLCA) and the Ohio Sports Turf
Managers Association (OSTMA) have both agreed to
work closely with the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation to
better serve the needs of Ohio’s green industry profes-
sionals. We believe that working in collaboration will
enable OTF to offer more comprehensive educational
programs catering to the needs of individual groups.
It will also enable OTF to offer more continuing edu-
cation credit to conference participants.
Expanding the trade show is another desired out-
come of these efforts. The Ohio Turfgrass Conference
& Show is the biggest and best show of its kind.
However, we want to continue to make changes to
ensure that we are meeting the needs of the entire
green industry. Marketing efforts will be made to
appeal to groups that may not typically attend
OTF, and exhibitors will be encouraged to display
products that appeal to everyone from small lawn care
operators to mid-size commercial users, to upscale
country clubs.
We will continue to add benefits for our members
and non-member peers. If you know anyone who is
not currently an OTF member, please encourage
them to join. The stronger the membership—the
stronger the organization. The stronger the organiza-
tion, the stronger our support of the industry. The
stronger our support of Ohio’s turfgrass industry,
the stronger our future will be.
Sincerely,
Len Dunaway
2001 OTF President
The Ronald D. Baker, Sr.
Memorial Scholarship
The Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust is pleased to
announce its involvement with the Ronald D. Baker,
Sr., Memorial Scholarship. The scholarship was
established by the employees of Leisure Lawn, Inc.
to honor Mr. Baker’s memory and his efforts with
Leisure Lawn, Inc. Mr. Baker will be remembered as a
kind and caring person who faithfully served his co-
workers, family, community and the turfgrass industry.
Scholarships will be offered annually to full time
students of The Ohio State University or The
Agricultural Technical Institute who are enrolled in
the turfgrass curriculum. The award must be used
toward the tuition and other related educational
expenses at either OSU or ATI.
The Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust is honored to
have been entrusted with the awarding of this presti-
gious scholarship. The application deadline will be
October 31 each year. The Ohio Turfgrass Research
Trust will award the scholarships annually at the Ohio
Turfgrass Conference and Show. Scholarship awards
will be paid directly to OSU or ATI beginning with the
winter quarter each year.
For more information on OTF/OTRT
Scholarships, please contact the OTF office
at 888-683-3445, or visit the OTF website at
www.ohioturfgrass.org.
New Ph.D. Student Joins OSU
Turfgrass Pathology Laboratory
Mr. Young-Ki Jo
recently joined the
Department of Plant
Pathology as a Ph.D.
student in the Turfgrass
Pathology Laboratory.
Young-Ki is a native of
South Korea and comes
to OSU by way
of Michigan State
University where he
recently completed his
M.S. in turfgrass entomology under the direction of
Dr. David Smitley. His research at MSU focused on
biology and ecology of Black Turfgrass Ataenius.
According to Dr. Boehm, “Young-Ki is an enthusiastic
and intrinsically motivated individual that will add
greatly to our understanding of turfgrass pathology
and disease management.” While at OSU, Young-Ki’s
research will focus on the effects of compost amend-
ments to urban soils and on whether induced resis-
tance occurs in turfgrass. Young-Ki is funded in part
by an OTF research grant in support of the turfgrass
pathology research program.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 3
OTF Events
OSTMA Announces Workshop &
Field Day Events for 2001
T he Board of Directors of the OSTMA has been hard at work
this winter assembling some first class educational and networking
opportunities for its members. The OSTMA is committed to
“Enhancing, Promoting, and Improving the Quality of Sport Turf
Facilities in Ohio!” We hope that our members as well as any indi-
vidual responsible for taking care of athletic grounds i.e. coach,
field maintenance worker, parks and recreation workers, colleges
and university, and professional prospective members will join us at
these great field days and workshops in 2001. We would also like to
encourage those individuals to bring your boss and management
along with you to these events so they can get an understanding of
just how important you are to the success of the sports fields.
May 23rd—Joint workshop with the Kentucky Turfgrass Council at
Paul Brown Stadium, home of the Cincinnati Bengals. This work-
shop will include top speakers in the turfgrass industry as well as a
tour of the Bengals facility and the Cincinnati Reds Cinergy Field.
July 18th—OSTMA and the Sports Turf Managers Association will
hold a regional chapter event at The Ohio State University. This
event will include top national speakers, tour of OSU facilities,
Columbus Clippers—Cooper Stadium, Columbus Crew soccer sta-
dium, and a professional soccer game at Crew Stadium.
July 19th—OSTMA and the Sports Turf Managers Association will
add a great new event—OSTMA Annual Golf Outing. This event
will be held at Foxfire Golf Club: Foxfire Course in Columbus.
Proceeds are to benefit the OSTMA scholarship fund!
September 2001—OSTMA will hold its 4th annual Fall Field
Day at The Ohio State University Intramural Complex. The day
will feature speakers and equipment vendors displaying their
equipment and allowing participants to demonstrate the equip-
ment they choose.
December 5th—OSTMA 4th Annual meeting and awards break-
fast held in conjunction with the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
Conference and Trade Show in Columbus. This event will honor
those turf professionals that really provide top quality athletic
fields in Ohio as well as deserving students and members that are
awarded OSTMA scholarships.
For information on the OSTMA Chapter please
contact OSTMA headquarters at: Boyd Montgomery
6015 Brainard, Sylvania, Ohio 43560
Phone: 419-885-1982 x 50 Fax: 419-882-2398
or turfman@solarstop.net or website: www.glstma.org
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 4
OTF To Host Two (2) Golf
Tournaments in 2001
I n an effort to increase turfgrass research
funding (and to double the fun, of course),
the OTF Golf Tournament Committee is plan-
ning two tournaments this year—one in the
southern part of the state, and one up north.
The City of Blue Ash Golf Course, located
on the north side of Cincinnati, will host the
first tournament on July 9. The City of Blue
Ash Golf Course is an outstanding facility that
has been rated by “Golf Digest Magazine” as one
of America’s to 75 courses everyone can play.
Dan Walter is the Superintendent at Blue Ash.
“Blue Ash hosted an excellent OTF tourna-
ment back in the early eighties,” reported
committee chair Hank Chafin. “We look for-
ward to seeing the changes that have taken
place since then.”
The Country Clubs of Fox Meadow in
Medina will host the northern tournament on
October 1. This 563-acre course on an upscale
real estate development opened for play in
1995. OTF will play the Meadows Course—
one of two 18-hole courses at Fox Meadow.
Tim Cunningham is the Superintendent at
Fox Meadow.
OTF used to organize two tournaments a
year. “By having two tournaments, we can fea-
ture more of Ohio’s finer golf courses to our
members, while making it easier for those who
are unable to attend due to geographical limi-
tations”, adds Chafin. “Two tournaments
allows OTF to raise more money for
research—and it also allows us to give out big-
ger cash prizes”.
Information and registration materials will
soon be mailed to all OTF members.
Reduced rates will be given to companies
wanting to sponsor both tournaments.
To register for the July 9 tournament at
The City of Blue Ash Golf Course, please see
the registration form on page 5 of this newslet-
ter. The registration form and general infor-
mation are also available on the OTF website
at www.ohioturfgrass.org. Call 888-683-3445
for more information.
 Use this Form to Register for
The City of Blue Ash Golf Club on July 9
Join other turfgrass professionals on Monday, July 9, at City of Blue Ash
Golf Course, Cincinnati, OH for the Annual OTF Golf Tournament. The
tournament is limited to the first 144 golfers (36 foursomes). Reservations
will be processed on a first-come, first-served basis. For your best chance at
having space confirmed, complete the reservation form, include your
registration fees, and mail or fax them to us today.

Highlights of the day include:

• 18 holes of golf at the beautiful • Team Individual and door prizes
City of Blue Ash Golf Club • Hole-in-one contests
• Individual gifts for each golfer • Putting contest
• Shotgun scramble beginning at 10:30 a.m. • Social time following golf with
• Box lunch a buffet dinner and awards
presentations

Deadline For Reservations: Friday, June 29, 2001

(Reservations will be processed on a first-come, first-served basis.)

Registration Form
Member #
Sponsorships
Please check one:
Name
Hole Sponsor–$160
Address
Bronze Sponsor–$250 • Sponsor the Beverage Cart
Silver Sponsor–$500 • Sponsor the Lunch City State Zip

Gold Sponsor–$750 • Sponsor the Awards Dinner Phone ( )

* We will host 2 tournaments in 2001. Sponsorship fees for both tour-
naments are: Hole Sponsor–$250; Beverage Carts–$450; Lunch–$850; OTF Member Yes No
and Dinner–$1300. I am registering as a single golfer @ $125.
I am registering more than one golfer @ $125 each.
(List names of golfers below.)
Make Checks Payable to: I am registering as a foursome @$500.
Ohio Turfgrass Foundation (list organization and names of golfers below.)

Check Discover MasterCard Visa Organization

Card # 1. Hdcp
Expiration Date Amount $
2. Hdcp
Cardholder’s Name (print)
3. Hdcp
Signature
4. Hdcp
For Office Use Only: (combined team handicap must be 40 or more)

Date Rcvd Amt $ Mail or Fax with payment to:

OTF Golf Tournament–Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
Ck # Ackd PO Box 3388
Zanesville, OH 43702–3388
Fax: (740) 452-2552
Please contact Kevin Thompson at 888-683-3445, ext 3151 or •A map and directions will be sent with confirmations.
email at kthompson@offinger.com with any questions.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 5

OTF News
Grunkemeyer Appointed
to OTF Board
M ark Grunkemeyer has been appointed by
President Len Dunaway to fill the 2-year Trustee term
vacated by the resignation of Ted Durchik. “Ted was
very disappointed that a change in his employment sit-
uation required him to resign,” informed Dunaway.
“But we felt it was important to fill the vacant trustee
position with another leader from Ohio’s lawn care
industry —to maintain diversity on the Board of
Directors. I’ve known Mark a long time and am
confident that he will continue the tradition of
quality leadership serving OTF’s Board and mem-
bers,” he continued.
Grunkemeyer, Owner/President of Buckeye
Ecocare in Dayton, is the Immediate Past-President of
the Ohio Lawn Care Association. Buckeye Ecocare is a
16-year old lawn care company serving the Dayton and
surrounding areas. Grunkemeyer has been an OTF
member since receiving an OTF Scholarship in 1975.
OTF Turfgrass Research Field Day to Co-Exist
With OLCA Diagnostic Field Day
All turfgrass professionals interested in learning
about current research at The Ohio State University,
and/or hands-on turfgrass diagnostics should plan to
spend August 15 and 16 at the OTF Research &
Education Facility on OSU’s west campus.
In an exciting new collaborative effort, the Ohio
Turfgrass Foundation, the Ohio Lawn Care
Association (OLCA), and The Ohio State University
have planned this year’s turfgrass field days to co-
exist—offering specific information for those in atten-
dance.
The annual OTF/OSU Turfgrass Research Field
Day will be held Wednesday, August 15, and will fol-
low a similar format as in past years. This is a great
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 6
WANTED
Items for OTF Auction.
The auctions at the 2000 OTF Conference & Show
netted $15,722.00 compared with $8,000.00 in 1999.
Approximately 90 items were donated by 60 individuals
and businesses.
The 2001 OTF Live Auction will be held on
Wednesday, December 5 during the OTF Conference and
Show. This year the auction will be totally live as compared
with past live and silent auctions.
Now is the time to start collecting items for the auc-
tion. Many of our OTF members have contact with various
sports and famous persons this time of year. Ask for that
autograph or memorabilia when attending a sports exhibi-
tion or during casual conversation. Last year five auto-
graphed items raised $700.00.
Other items needed for the auction are turf products
and equipment, athletic event tickets, fishing and hunting
trips, condo rentals, clothing, old publications and
antique items, used equipment, golf clubs and sports
equipment, golf outings, seed and sod, books, and any-
thing else you want to donate. You donate it—we’ll sell it.
Contact Kevin Thompson, OTF Executive Director,
888-683-3445 ext. 3151 for additional information. Thank
you in advance for your support of OTF!
Gene Probasco
Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust Inc.
Chairman, Auction Committee
chance to view the results and learn about research on
active turfgrass and ornamental studies conducted by
OSU researchers.
The OLCA Diagnostic Field Day, with hands-on
weed and insect identification and control, trou-
bleshooting, annual and perennial grass control, and
more, will follow on Thursday, August 16.
Both Field Days provide an excellent opportunity
to learn from many of the country’s best in turfgrass
research and education, tour the OTF Research &
Education Facility, and network with industry peers.
For those interested in attending both Field Days,
there will be a discounted registration fee.
For information, contact the OTF office
at 888-683-3445.

Member
Spotlight     
Maintaining Grounds
To Support
Human Health
All professionals in the green industry
create and maintain playing surfaces
and natural surroundings that not only
provide enjoyment and activity but also
a sense of well-being and restoration
through appreciation and interaction.
Ted Schull, grounds superintendent of
Kettering Memorial Hospital and Sycamore
Hospital in the Dayton area, understands the
importance of maintaining beautiful and serene
surroundings at these hospitals year-round for
the patients, staff and visitors. “It is especially
important for the patients,” says Schull. “Having
beautiful and well-maintained views are a part of
their total recovery process.”
Together Kettering and Sycamore hospitals
serve nearly 100,000 patients each year, so many
people depend upon the success and profes-
sionalism of Schull’s efforts.
Schull has a staff of six full-time maintenance
professionals, as well as six seasonal staff mem-
bers, who are responsible for 300 acres of pro-
fessionally landscaped grounds and fields for
the two hospitals. They maintain 150 acres
seven days per week, and the remaining acreage
on an as-needed basis.
Their maintenance schedule includes twice-
per-week mowings during the warm months.
“We return the clippings to the ground,” says
Schull. “In addition, we have used all organic
fertilizers for the past five to six years. We have
derived two great benefits: We have not had to
thatch in years, and we have to use less water for
irrigation.
“In addition, we have used all
organic fertilizers for the
past five to six years. We
have derived two great bene-
fits: We have not had thatch
in years, and we have to use
less water for irrigation.”
Ted Schull
Grounds Superintendent
Kettering Memorial Hospital
& Sycamore Hospital
Dayton, Ohio
“We did not see immediate benefits from
using organic products. In the beginning we
had to add a little iron to the fertilizer to ensure
its integrity. It was two to three years before we
could reap the benefits of organic fertilizers, but
their use is essential in keeping with preserva-
tion of the environment. We use underground
irrigation and an underground spring as our
water source.”
In addition to 300 acres of land, Schull’s staff
is also responsible for keeping all the grounds-
including two parking areas-clean and litter free.
People who visit hospitals, whether they are
patients or families and friends, usually have a
lot on their minds, so they do not always
remember to use disposal containers. It is up
to us to preserve the same clean, orderly state
of all the grounds for the well-being of everyone
who visits.
“Our entire staff love being outdoors, espe-
cially in those first warm days of Spring,” says
Schull. “We occasionally have people stop and
comment on how they envy our outdoor work.
Of course, we don’t often hear the same com-
ments during the winter months!” he said.
Schull has been a member of OTF since the
late 1970’s. “I highly recommend an OTF mem-
bership-but not just a membership. I also recom-
mend participation! You have to take part in all
OTF has to offer. The research and education
into all aspects of turf management and land-
scaping is invaluable. In fact, most of my for-
mal—and useful—formal education comes
from OTF.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 7
New Growth and Technology

Postemergence Herbicide
Crabgrass–2001
By Dr. John R. Street and Pam J. Sherratt
The Ohio State University
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science

Postemergence crabgrass (Digitania spp.) control for many years was primarily limited to organic arsenicals
(MSMA, DSMA). The organic arsenicals usually require repeat applications for effective postemergence
crabgrass control, are most efficacious on younger seedling crabgrass, and can cause some
discoloration/phytotoxicity to desirable turfgrasses, especially in hot weather. Acclaim (fenoxyprop ethyl)
and Acclaim Extra have shown good to excellent efficacy for postemergence crabgrass control, however
some discoloration and stunting of Kentucky bluegrass may occur and efficacy drops off under droughty
(dry) soil conditions. Dimension (dithiopyr) also provides early postemergence crabgrass activity with the
additional benefit of preemergence residual activity. A new postemergence herbicide, Drive (quinclorac)
was released into the marketplace in 1999.

Over the last several years, OSU has conducted
numerous research trials to assess the performance of
Acclaim, Acclaim Extra, Dimension, and Drive for pre-
emergence and postemergence crabgrass control.
This article will briefly highlight results and herbicide
use recommendations from those research studies.
Acclaim/Acclaim Extra in previous Ohio State
University research has exhibited good efficacy for
postemergence crabgrass control. Acclaim efficacy on
crabgrass has been good-excellent up to the 3-4 tiller
stage where soil moisture was adequate and crabgrass
was not under stress. Efficacy has been found to drop
off dramatically under droughty (dry) soil conditions
sometimes causing erratic and variable results in the
field. Acclaim efficacy also is significantly reduced
when used in combination with phenoxy herbicides
like 2, 4-D. Acclaim is a foliar absorbed herbicide so
adequate foliar coverage is essential for best results.
This entails:
1. mowing prior to treatment to open the canopy
for maximum contact of liquid spray with crab-
grass foliage, and
2. spraying with sufficient water volume and proper
nozzles to assure good foliar coverage.
Irrigation or rainfall shortly after herbicide applica-
tion will typically significantly reduce the efficacy.
Some stunting and discoloration of Kentucky blue-
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 8
grass may occur especially in the early season when
bluegrass is rapidly growing. Our research has
observed stunting and discoloration after most appli-
cations during the season. In most cases, the discol-
oration amounts to a lightening of the lustrous blue-
green or dark green color of Kentucky bluegrass.
Bentgrass can be severely discolored by Acclaim appli-
cations. Light, multiple applications are recommend-
ed for bentgrass use (see label). Iron and/or nitrogen
will help mask the discoloration symptoms without any
negative effect on efficacy. The recommended rate
range for Acclaim is 0.12 to0.25lbs. ai/A with the high-
er rate targeted for more mature crabgrass (i.e. 1-3
tiller crabgrass). The rate of Acclaim activity (speed of
kill) in our Ohio State research is described as moder-
ate with crabgrass kill typically occurring in two to
three weeks. Crabgrass initially turns to an orangish or
purple color in three to five days after herbicide appli-
cation. This coloration response normally lasts for
about seven to ten days. Eventual browning and
necrosis occur over a total time period of two to three
weeks. The new isomer formulation of Acclaim is
Acclaim Extra (fenoxprop p-ethyl). It has provided
good to excellent control of crabgrass with postemer-
gence rates of 0.06 to 0.125 lbs. ai/A. There has been
essentially no noticeable difference in the efficacy, rate
of activity, or phytotoxicity responses between Acclaim
and Acclaim Extra.
 DIMENSION (dithiopyr) is a unique herbicide
that exhibits both preemergence and postemergence
herbicide activity on crabgrass. Dimension therefore
provides a wider window for application of a preemer-
gence herbicide in the spring. Postemergence activity
of Dimension is slow with total kill typically ranging
from three (untillered crabgrass) to five weeks
(tillered crabgrass). Dimension does, however, stunt
crabgrass in ten to fourteen days, making its presence
in the turfgrass canopy less noticeable. The stunted
crabgrass is initially hidden within the canopy and
then eventually dies over a period of three to five
weeks. During the stunting phase, crabgrass initially
turns yellow, then a purple color, followed finally by
necrosis. We call this response the “hidden canopy
effect.”
Our OSU research supports the claims that
Dimension is most efficacious as an early postemer-
gence herbicide. It certainly is not effective on well
tillered crabgrass (i.e. late postemergence>1-2 tiller).
The Dimension rate for postemergence crabgrass
treatment is 0.25 to 0.5 lbs. ai/A with the higher rate
necessary for tillered crabgrass (maximum 1-2 tiller).
A surfactant is recommended for liquid (EC) applica-
tions. Some research has observed a more rapid rate
of activity on early tillered crabgrass when combined

Table 1: Efficacy of Herbicides Applied Early

Postemergence for Crabgrass (Digitaria) Control.
CRABGRASS COVER (%)a
Rate Not Watered Inc Watered In
Herbicideb Formulationd (lbs ai/A) 7/25e 8/3 8/8 8/20 9/5 8/3 8/8 8/20 9/5
Dimension 2 EC 0.25 50.0 40.0 26.7 18.3 16.7 60.0 60.0 40.0 28.3
Dimension 2 EC 0.38 50.0 40.0 20.0 6.7 5.0 63.3 60.0 28.3 15.0
Dimension 2 EC 0.50 50.0 40.0 16.7 33.3 3.0 63.3 60.0 28.3 6.7
Dimension AD 445 0.164 FG 0.25 53.3 43.3 33.3 30.0 33.3 63.3 63.3 21.7 18.3
Dimension AD 445 0.164 FG 0.38 53.3 40.0 21.7 13.3 13.3 60.0 50.0 13.3 10.0
Dimension AD 445 0.164 FG 0.50 53.3 40.0 13.3 5.0 2.3 56.7 46.7 5.0 1.3
Acclaim Extra 0.57 EW 0.06 53.3 33.3 13.3 10.0 3.0 50.0 40.0 20.0 20.0
Acclaim Extra 0.57 EW 0.09 53.3 40.0 6.7 0 0 50.0 46.7 8.3 8.3
Drive 75 DF 0.25 50.0 4.0 0 5.0 10.0 41.7 31.7 31.7 36.7
Drive 75 DF 0.50 50.0 0 0 0 10 46.7 40.0 26.7 28.3
Drive 75 DF 0.75 50.0 0 0 0 10 40.0 30.0 26.7 25.0
Daconate 6F 2.0 53.3 36.7 23.3 16.7 20.0 60.0 60.0 50.0 50.0
Untreated — — 53.3 63.3 66.7 68.3 73.3 60.0 66.7 68.3 73.3
LSD (0.05) 5.99 7.34 6.57 4.61 4.63 8.31 10.80 7.16 4.79
a
Crabgrass cover is reported as percent crabgrass per plot averaged over three replications.
b
Postemergence applications were made on July 25, when crabgrass was in the 3–5 leaf to 1 tiller stage.
c
Applications were watered in within one hour after application or irrigation was delayed for several days (not watered in).
d
Liquid applications were made at 2 gallons per 1,000 square feet using a CO2 - pressurized sprayer with a flat fan nozzle.
e
Crabgrass population/cover prior to herbicide application averaging 50–55%.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 9
 with MSMA/DSMA (see label for recommendation).
Root absorption is considered to be the principal
uptake mechanism for preemergence activity of
Dimension. We initiated a research trial to determine
if irrigation shortly after Dimension application to
move the herbicide to the soil/rootzone might
improve either the overall efficacy and/or rate of
activity of post applications (Table 1). Irrigation did
not appear to have any significant positive or negative
effect on the overall activity or efficacy of Dimension
postemergence. In general, EC, G, and FG formula-
tions in our research over the last several years have
not shown any significant differences in postemer-
gence herbicide efficacy except for a slightly more
rapid rate of initial crabgrass stunting and kill with the
liquid Dimension EC formulation. Beyond the 1-2
tiller crabgrass stage, Dimension may cause some dis-
coloration (purpling) and slight stunting of crabgrass
but acceptable control should not be expected.
Dimension, therefore, is certainly a great tool that
widens the window for preemergence herbicide appli-
cations where the target date for crabgrass germina-
tion has been missed. Crabgrass control can be reli-
ably handled early postemergence with preemergence
activity the remainder of the season.
DRIVE (quinclorac) has been a good post crab-
grass herbicide. The recommended label rate of Drive
is 0.75 lbs ai/A. OSU research has shown that very
young crabgrass (i.e.≤3 to 5 leaf stage) can usually be
controlled with rates of 0.25 to 0.50 lbs ai/A (Table 1).
However, where Drive is being applied postemergence
under a wide range of environmental and landscape
site conditions and where crabgrass may be in various
maturity stages most consistent and reliable results will
occur at the 0.75 lbs. ai/A rate. Drive efficacy does not
appear to be as sensitive to soil moisture as Acclaim or
Acclaim Extra. However, the label recommends apply-
ing Drive when soils are moist. Drive can be applied in
combination with broadleaf herbicides. Drive also
exhibits some broadleaf herbicide activity, especially
on legumes like black medic and clover.
Drive activity (rate of kill) is very rapid with crab-
grass kill usually occurring within 1-2 weeks after her-
bicide application. Young (non-tillered) crabgrass may
brown and die in less than one week. Drive activity is
obviously more rapid than Dimension or Acclaim
(Table 3). OSU research in 2000 showed that Drive
provided excellent early postemergence crabgrass con-
trol (3 to 5 leaf to 1 tiller) and good to excellent late
postemergence (6 tiller or greater). Drive efficacy
was somewhat variable at the intermediate crabgrass
maturity stage (2-4 tiller). There are other research tri-
als and field observations to suggest that Drive efficacy
at the intermediate crabgrass maturity stage may be
weak and/or variable. OSU research results for Drive
efficacy in 2000 averaged over several experiments are:

Table 2. Efficacy of Various Postemergence Herbicides

on Crabgrass (Digitaria) at Early Postemergence
Rate Crabgrass Cover (%)a
Herbicide b
Formulation c
(lbs ai/A) June 28 July 7 July 19 Aug 1
Drive 0.57 G 0.75 90 57 47 55
Drive 0.57 G 0.50 90 70 70 75
Drive 0.57 G 0.375 90 82 85 92
Drive 0.57 G 0.25 90 80 83 90
Drive 75 DF 0.75 0 0 0 0
Drive 75 DF 0.50 10 2 10 13
Drive 75 DF 0.375 10 10 22 28
Drive 75 DF 0.25 20 12 37 45
Acclaim 1 EC 0.12 67 13 13 25
Untreated — — 90 93 100 100
LSD (0.05) 4.1 6.5 15.0 12.2

a
Crabgrass cover is reported as percent crabgrass per plot averaged over three replications.
b
Herbicide applications were made on June 20.
c
Liquid applications were made at 2 gallons per 1,000 square feet using a CO2 - pressurized sprayer with a flat fan nozzle.
Crabgrass was 3 to 5 leaf to 1 tiller stage at the time of herbicide application.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 10

 Table 3. Postemergence Herbicide
Efficacy Activity Ranking
Activity Common Relative Specific
Herbicide Mode Name Activity Rate Activity Ratea
Dimension pre/post dithiopyr slow 3 to 5 weeks
Acclaim post fenoxyprop ethyl moderate 2 to 3 weeks
Acclaim Extra post fenoxyprop p-ethyl moderate 2 to 3 weeks
Drive post quinclorac rapid 7 to 10 days
a
Specific activity rate based on time to browning and total necrosis/kill.

1. Apply when crabgrass is actively growing.

Crabgrass Maturity Stage %Control
3 to 5 leaf to 1 tiller 90–100%
1–2 tiller 80–90%
2–3 tiller 60–80%
3–4 tiller 70–80%
4–5 tiller 70–80%
6 tiller or greater 90–100%
In lieu of these later reports, the authors at the pre-
sent time suggest avoiding or delaying Drive applications
on 2-4 tiller crabgrass to a later maturity stage when
crabgrass is at 6 tiller or beyond. This approach should
work effectively since Drive appears to be more effica-
cious on more mature crabgrass than on intermediate
maturity crabgrass.
Drive is considered in the agricultural literature to
have both foliar and root activity and is used in some
crops preemergence. It has not performed well as a
preemergence herbicide in turf due to perhaps soil bio-
mass interactions not encountered in agricultural sys-
tems. In fact, our OSU research implicates Drive as a
predominantly foliar absorbed herbicide in a turf-
grass ecosystem. Several research results that support its
foliar activity include:
1. Drive granular formulations have exhibited poor
efficacy compared to the liquid (DF) formulation
(Table 2).
2. Granular formulations have resulted in poor effica-
cy when applied to either wet or dry foliage.
3. Irrigation applied shortly after Drive applications
significantly reduced efficacy. A rainfastness period
of 6-12 hours was necessary to ensure acceptable
control (Table 1).
4. The addition of surfactant has significantly
improved efficacy. Some surfactants enhance Drive
efficacy more than others.
Drive herbicide used for postemergence crabgrass
control should, therefore, be treated as a foliar absorbed
herbicide. Application techniques to insure maximum
herbicide absorption by the foliage should be used:
2. Apply when soil moisture is adequate.
3. Provide adequate spray contact/spray coverage
using an appropriate water volume
4. Mow high grass prior to application to ensure the
herbicide contacts the leaf surface.
5. Use a surfactant at 0.5% v/v. Best choices we
methylated seed oil or crop oil concentrates.
6. Avoid irrigation or rainfall within at least 6-12 hours
after application (i.e. label calls for 24 hours).
In tolerance studies Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue,
and perennial ryegrass exhibited good to excellent toler-
ance to Drive. The fine fescues are less tolerant of Drive.
Creeping bentgrass is sensitive to Drive herbicide with
discoloration (primarily yellowing) occurring at rates of
0.5 to 0.75 lbs. ai/A. Higher rates will not only discolor
bentgrass but cause thinning. Lower cut crabgrass
appears more sensitive to Drive resulting in acceptable
control at lower rates. Superintendents using Drive at
half rate or less can reduce discoloration and still
get acceptable control. Sprayers must be operated care-
fully to eliminate excessive overlap and at constant
speeds to ensure proper application rate.
In seedings, Drive herbicide can be used for poste-
mergence crabgrass control with Kentucky bluegrass,
perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue at 30 days after
emergence or beyond.
Table 3 provides a ranking of relative activity and
specific activity rate of the four postemergence crabgrass
herbicides discussed based on six years of OSU research.
Drive and Acclaim Extra have no reliable preemer-
gence activity. Where early postemergence applications
(i.e. early summer) are made with these latter herbicides,
preemergence herbicides may also need to be applied to
provide a pre chemical barrier for the remainder of the
season. Drive and Acclaim Extra can be mixed with other
preemergence herbicides or granular preemergence
applications can be made separately. Remember,
Dimension has both early post and pre activity. Drive can
be mixed with phenoxy herbicides, but Acclaim Extra
cannot.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 11

HortShorts
Plant Book Tips for
Plant Bookworms
Soon time for reading will be at a
premium as the new growing season
unfurls. For now, here are a few plant
book tips for all of us plant bookworms.
The Gardener’s Guide to Growing Maples (James
G.S. Harris). The woodsy, rich springtime syrup
saps of sugar maples (Acer saccharum). The ele-
gant horizontal designs of Japanese maples (Acer
palmatum). The fall-time fires of red maples
(Acer rubrum). Maples play a role in most Ohio
woods, landscapes and street scenes, and this
new book is a welcome addition to the gardening
library. The best sections are the wonderful pho-
tography and the background on maple botany,
history and origins.
For example—botany. As Harris notes, one of
the peculiarities of both red maple and silver
maple (Acer saccharinum) is that their heli-
copter-like fruits (known as samaras) ripen in
June, rather than in fall, as is common for most
maples. This advantage of getting a head start in
establishment is often cited by ecologists as one
of the reasons that red maple is replacing sugar
maple in some eastern forests.
As to origins, maples (the genus Acer) are
widespread, but not native throughout the world.
Maples are mostly native to northern temperate
zones with at least a moderate amount of annual
moisture (30 inches or more). The greatest num-
ber of native maple species are in China. There
is only one native to Harris’s British Isles home,
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 12
Jim Chatfield
Nursery Landscape and Turf Team
Ohio State University Extension
and that is hedge maple (Acer campestre).
There are a number native to the Americas, from
the large-leaved Oregon maple (Acer macrophyl-
lum) to the weed-like box elder (Acer negundo)
to the aforementioned sugar, red and silver
maples.
The central portion of this 160 page book is
an “A to Z description of species” and it is a use-
ful reference. It is here that I was reminded that
the unusual curled-leaf cultivar of trident maple
(Acer buergerianum) at Secrest Arboretum in
Wooster is the cultivar ‘Naruto Kaede.’ I agree
with Harris when he says; “The [leaf] margins
roll inward. A most unusual shrubby form with
good autumn colour.” (British spelling, what?).
In addition, there are sections on everything
from maple propagation to maple pests. The
best feature is without a doubt the photography,
with many pages of stunning layouts showcasing
the incredible arrays of foliage of different culti-
vars of Japanese maple. All books make faults,
and a weakness here is the discussion of diseases.
Harris notes that Verticillium wilt is a serious fun-
gal disease, invading maples through the roots,
then spreading through the conducting system
of the plant. True enough. His suggested solu-
tion, though, of drenching the soil with fungi-
cides such as benomyl, will simply not work. I
wish we did have such a control, but in reality
our only course is to keep the plant as healthy as
possible with good siting, planting, watering,
pruning and other maintenance practices.
The Variety of Life: A Survey and a Celebration of
All the Creatures That Have Ever Lived” (Colin
Tudge). What a title! It sounds pretty compre-
hensive—and it is a good overview. Reviews on
this book are mixed. Some say that it is an unfor-
tunate hybrid: not detailed enough for specialists
and too detailed for the casual reader. That may
More For Your Plant Bookshelf
be true, but I think it is just right for someone
who is curious about the challenge humankind For the perennial lovers check out
has always had at how to describe the living Armitage’s Garden Perennials: A Color
world. Encyclopedia, a new 323 page book from the
Many have said we have moved from the popular University of Georgia professor Allan
Industrial Revolution to the Information Revolution M. Armitage with thousands of color pho-
toward the Genetic Revolution to kick off the new tographs and eloquent descriptions of peren-
millennium. This 684 page book is a great intro- nials. For your reference shelf, get a copy of
duction to how thinking about relationships of
Common Poisonous Plants and Mushrooms of
organisms one to the other an how this thinking
has developed. It is especially eye-opening for
North America, a 311 page book available now
those who grew up with a 5-kingdom system for the past decade from
(Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists, Bacteria), or Nancy J. Turner and Adam F. Szczawinski.
even the two-kingdom system (Plants, Animals). Someone mentioned to me recently that
Tudge’s compilation includes literally dozens pawpaw fruits cause some people skin irrita-
of kingdoms (including the familiar water mold tion. News to me. I checked it out in this
plant pathogens such as Pythium and book and sure enough, it was listed as a skin
Phytophthora in their very own kingdom— irritant for some in two separate lists.
Oomycota—partly due to their cellulose cell Interested in breeding daylilies or lilacs—
walls instead of the chitinous cell walls of fungi. check out Breeding Ornamental Plants by
Also Tudge accepts the division of life into three Dorothy J. and M. Brett Callaway in its 323
fundamental domains (Archae, Prokaryota,
page glory. Want to know How To Identify
Eukaryota). The Archae domain includes some
of the world’s most unusual “extremophiles”
Plants, H.D. Harrington’s 207 pages can help.
such as bacteria that live in hot springs and sul- You get the picture—check out your favorite
fur baths, environments posited to be most like bookseller and library for these treasures of
the primoridal goo at the dawn of time on Earth. plant lore.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes differ from each
other on the basis of not having and having a
nucleus concentrated with the cell’s genetic
material. Is this book a stretch for most of us—
of course. Enjoy. Check it out if for you “the
times they are a changin.”

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 13

 Sports Turf Tips
Summer Renovation/Reseeding—
Window of Opportunity or Not?
John R. Street and Pamela J. Sherratt
M any athletic fields and other high traffic areas are
used frequently throughout much of the year. Peak use
periods on athletic fields are typically spring and fall
under multi-use sports. Unfortunately, peak use periods
coincide with optimum conditions for renovation/
reseeding practices. On many fields, however, the late
spring and summer seasons provide the only window of
opportunity (3 to 4 months) without traffic or activity
for turfgrass seeding and establishment.
It is a well known agronomic principle that summer
is not the best time to establish turfgrasses from seed.
Summer heat stress, drought (lack of rain), diseases,
and weed competition seriously limit the success of
establishing summer seedings. Therefore, establishment
of summer seeded turfgrasses requires careful manipu-
lation of irrigation, fertility, weed and disease controls.
In many cases, where large contiguous areas need to be
repaired, it may simply be best to consider sodding. The
time intervals required between sodding and play have
been reduced considerably today by the technology of
big roll sod and big roll-thick cut sod. These latter
Table 1:
Estimated Costs of Sod For Athletic Field Use
Estimated Cost: Pick-Up
Sod Type (square yard)
Big Roll
Regular Cut
Big Roll
Thick-Cut
Big Roll
Washed
Slab/Small Roll $1.00-$1.30
1. Prices will vary depending on grass species, sod thickness, transportation distance, etc. Prices above are rough estimates.
2. Removal of sod on existing fields is a service provided by some sod growers at roughly $1.00 - $1.25 per square yard.
3. Estimated sizes: Football field 6,000 square yards, Soccer field 10,000 square yards.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 14
approaches may not be as expensive
as you think. It would be wise to talk to
sod growers in your area about sodding
options and costs. Table 1 provides a general idea about
various sodding costs.
In some renovation situations, stripping the turf
away and laying sod may be the best turf establishment
option. The main advantage of sodding, of course, is
the immediate grass cover of the renovated area. It cer-
tainly increases the agronomic odds of success over
seeding in the summer. The sod can also be established
with less post maintenance care. Where major renova-
tion is required and establishment time is short, sod-
ding may be the only viable alternative. Site specific
management dictates that only certain portions of the
field may need sodding. For example, the center of a
football field may be the only area that requires extensive
renovation. It can be programmed for sod renovation
every year or every several years depending on conditions.
With regard to seeding, Table 2 provides a guide for
species selection based on time intervals between seed-
Estimated Cost Delivered Estimated Cost Delivered &
(square yard) Installed (square yard)
$1.50-$2.00 $2.50-$3.50
$4.00-$5.00 $5.00-$6.00
$2.50-$3.00 $3.50-$4.00
$1.30-$1.70
 Table 2: Species Selection Guidelines
for Sports Fields in Ohio
Time Available
Between Seed & Play Grass Blend/Mix
9 Months + Kentucky Bluegrass
9 Months + Tall Fescue
Kentucky Bluegrass
6 Months + Kentucky Bluegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
6 Months + Tall Fescue
Perennial Ryegrass
3 Months + Kentucky Bluegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
Over-Seeding Perennial Ryegrass
(during season) Kentucky Bluegrass
ing and anticipated play. The seeding of Kentucky bluegrass
or tall fescue alone is difficult under short establishment
periods (i.e. 6 months or less) because there is limited time
for germination, seedling development, and stand matura-
tion prior to play or traffic. Tall fescue may produce a full
cover in less than six months; however, the immature grass
plants do not exhibit the wear tolerance (toughness) and
recuperative potential considered an attribute of this
species. The advantage under short establishment periods
goes to perennial ryegrass. It will germinate under ideal
conditions in 3-5 days, produce a full cover in 6-8 weeks,
and a reasonably mature stand in 3-4 months.
Irrigation/Watering Practices
Establishment of cool-season turfgrasses from seed in
the summer is both an art and a science. The number one
requirement to successful establishment of turfgrasses from
seed in the summer is access to irrigation and proper irriga-
tion or watering techniques. First, the seedbed must be
maintained moist but not excessively wet. Dessication (dry-
ing out) of young seedlings can occur quickly during the
establishment phase, especially on sandy soils. Rapid drying
of the upper surface 1/2 - 1 inch on sandy soils is the num-
ber one reason for establishment failure. The maintenance
of proper surface moisture requires light, frequent irriga-
tion at a frequency that is sufficient to prevent the surface
seedbed from drying out. On hot, dry, windy days of sum-
mer, light irrigation or syringing may be required 4-6 times
a day or more starting in mid to late morning. Remember,
the key is not how much water is applied in the initial weeks
of establishment, but an irrigation frequency that keeps the
upper soil surface moist.
Irrigation/watering programs required to maintain
adequate moisture in the seedbed of renovated areas may
% Weight Seed Rate
100% 1-2lbs/1000sq ft
90% 4-6lbs/1000sq ft
10%
80% 2-3lbs/1000sq ft
20%
80% 5-6lbs/1000sq ft
20%
50% 3-4lbs/1000sq ft
50%
50-100% 6-8lbs/1000sq ft
up to 50% During Season
sometimes result in over watering of established
grass in adjacent areas. Site-specific manage the irri-
gation/watering to only the renovated areas of the
field, if possible. For example, if only the center of
the field has been renovated and reseeded, only pro-
gram the irrigation heads in those zones for light,
frequent watering or syringe cycles. Individual head
control is great for these kinds of specific irrigation
requirements.
It is also extremely important not to over water
the seeded areas. Saturated soils will tend to puddle
or pond water at the surface, resulting in increased
disease and/or scald of young seedlings. Do not
let portable sprinklers sit in areas unattended for
several hours creating saturated soil conditions.
Sprinklers must be cycled or moved on a regular
basis. This may require fairly frequent monitoring by
an employee through the establishment phase.
Some type of mulch should be considered (i.e.
straw, light compost, Penn mulch, hydroseeding,
etc.) to assist in moisture conservation, if possible.
The mulch will help maintain more uniform
seedbed moisture and reduce the irrigation frequen-
cy requirement.
Where automatic irrigation is not available, hand
watering the fields is another alternative (see photo).
Hand watering is labor intensive in that it does
require an individual to traverse the renovated areas
of the field several times during the day. However,
hand watering is advantageous in that it allows more
exact control over the amount of water applied, flex-
ibility in applying more water to dryer areas and less
water to wetter areas, and the application of water to
only those specific areas that have been reseeded. It
is actually the ideal approach in site specific manage-
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 15
 ment for watering renovated or seeded areas only.
The daily timing of irrigation/watering of renovat-
ed or seeded areas in the summer is also critical.
Irrigation/watering several times a day for the first 4-6
weeks after seeding is the first key to rapid successful
establishment. Under rapid drying conditions (i.e.
hot, dry, windy days), irrigation may need to be cycled
several times from late morning to mid to late after-
noon. It is critical to avoid evening irrigation/watering
to minimize disease. The turf canopy and soil surface
should be allowed to dry slightly going into the
evening hours. This will significantly reduce the
occurrence of summer seedling diseases like Pythium
and brown patch.
Seed and seeding rotting fungi are a common
problem on summer seedlings. Pythium can seriously
Light, frequent irrigation is crit-
ical to establishment success
in summer, Tupersan (siduron)
for preemergence and Drive
(quinclorac) for postemergence
weed control in new seedlings
are good tools.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 16
damage a young seedling stand in 24-48 hours.
Currently, fungicide seed treatments are the most
effective approach for controlling Pythium in newly-
sown areas. It is recommended as a safeguard in
summer seedlings to use seed treated with Subdue
(mefenoxam). Subdue treated seed is called Apron
treated seed. Subdue MAXX is also available as a
granular treatment. Another serious disease of young
seedling turf in the summer is Rhizoctonia. A number
of fungicides are available for Rhizoctonia control.
Check labels for appropriate fungicide use. Subdue
does not work on Rhizoctonia species.
Without automatic irrigation, watering can
become a rather laborious and expensive task for sum-
mer seedings. In this instance, it might prove fruitful
to take advantage of possible community support. A
Hand watering (syringing)
allows specific site manage-
ment of water to reseeded or
renovated areas only.
student, parent, retiree, or support group might be
willing to donate time to hand water or hand syringe
areas several times a day for several weeks after seed-
ing (from 11:00 am to 4:00-5:00 pm) until less fre-
quent irrigation is required. Those that donate time
might be recognized in the school and/or community
newspaper, in the sports program, or at half-time
during an event. Volunteers might be given free
season tickets to games. Competitions may be set up
with student teams if schools have a horticulture club
or program. Divide the field into two or more sections
and assign teams to compete for best establishment.
Team competition is a great practicum and motiva-
tional tool for student learning.
Seed-Soil Contact
Another important step for successful summer
seeding is to ensure good seed-soil contact. Do not
simply apply seed to hard, compacted soil. For small
areas, use a power dethatching/verticutting machine
to scarify and loosen the soil surface, or break the sur-
face crust with a hand spiker or hand dethatching
rake prior to seeding. Slit seeding is the preferred
method for renovation (see photo). Slit seeding pro-
vides good contact between the seed and soil. Good
seed-soil contact will lessen the likelihood for seedling
loss due to dessication.
Seeding Rate Temptation
Slightly higher seeding rates may be beneficial in
summer seedings to offset the potential of higher
seedling mortality and to increase the rate of grass
cover. However, the idea and/or human nature that
the more seed you sow the better the stand will be is
not an agronmically sound practice, especially in the
summer. Why? Research has shown that increased
seedling density may enhance Pythium severity.
Increased seedling density increases the germination
frequency of the Pythium propagules and also
enhances the plant-to-plant spread of the
pathogen. High seedling density also increases
the time between seed germination and
seedling maturation.
Slit seeding places turfgrass
seed in soil slits allowing for
good seed-soil contact and
improved moisture relations
with seedlings.
Fertilization
To enhance the rate of seedling establishment, it is
important to make periodic applications of starter fer-
tilizer consisting of an N-P-K ratio of 1-1-1 to 1-2-1. The
starter fertilizer should consist of at least 30-50% slow
release nitrogen to avoid fertilizer burn and reduce
lush, succulent growth. Apply the fertilizer to dry grass
and water it in immediately after application. The
starter fertilizer should be applied at 1.0 pound of
actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet (# N/M) at the
time of seeding and at 0.5 # N/M rates every 3-4 weeks
thereafter through the establishment period (i.e. 3-4
months). The author’s experience is that proper
established fertilization can increase the establishment
rate by 3–4 fold.
Weed Control
Weed competition is another major reason for fail-
ure of summer seedings. Annual grasses, especially
crabgrass, and summer annual broadleaf weeds grow
rapidly and can quickly dominate and overtake a
seedling stand within weeks. Unfortunately, it is diffi-
cult to control summer weeds because few herbicides
are labeled as safe to use in newly seeded turf. There
are some preemergence and postemergence herbi-
cide tools that will help reduce weed competition with
reasonable margins of safety.
Tupersan (siduron) is the only safe preemergence
herbicide to use at the time of seeding or during the
establishment period (Table 3). Dimension is labeled
for pre/post annual grassy weed control in newly seed-
ed or sodded turf after the turf has established well.
All other preemergence herbicides are injurious to
young seedlings.
Drive, a relatively new postemergence crabgrass
herbicide, is an interesting new tool for summer seed-
ings. It can safely be used in seedling turf if delayed
until 30 days after seedling emergence. Fine fescues
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 17
 are more sensitive to injury than other cool season
grasses. Drive will effectively control or severely stunt
mature crabgrass favoring the competitive edge of the
desirable grass. Drive also provides some control or
suppression of a variety of broadleaf weeds. It is more
efficacious and safer than other postemergence annu-
al grass options. For example, Acclaim will stunt and
can severely injure young seedling cool season grasses.
Drive will effectively control mature crabgrass that may
tend to dominate a seedling stand in the summer.
Remember, annual grassy weed competition tends to
be a major reason why summer seedings of cool sea-
son grasses fail. Only use these latter herbicides in
seeded turf when needed.
Broadleaf weeds can also be extremely competitive
in spring seedings of cool season grasses. The use of
traditional broadleaf weed herbicides (i.e. 2-4,D,
MCPP, dicamba, etc.) are too injurious to seedling
turf. There are few options and in most cases it is best
to avoid broadleaf herbicide applications in newly
established turf unless absolutely necessary.
Bromoxynil (BUCTRIL) is labeled and safe to use on
seedling turf for broadleaf weeds. Best weed control is
achieved if the weeds are less than 2 inches tall when
treated. 2-4,D can safely be used on young turf provid-
ed the turfgrass has been mown at least three times
and the use rate does not exceed 1.0 lb ai/acre.
In conclusion, summer seeding may be a necessary
option where windows of seeding opportunity are lim-
ited. There are many agronomic obstacles to the suc-
cess of summer seeding. Successful management of
summer seedings is both an art and a science. Proper
irrigation, fertility, disease and weed controls are criti-
cal to summer seeding success. It is not an alternative
establishment method for the weak of heart. It might
be best for many where personnel, resources, and
expertise are limited to look to sodding as the viable
option.
Dr. John R. street
street.1@osu.edu
Pam J. Sherratt
sherratt.1@osu.edu

Table 3:
Selective Herbicides for Weed Control
in “Newly” Seeded Sports Turf
Herbicide Name Rate Application Timing & Method
Dimension 1EC—A selective 0.75fl oz product per Annual Grasses
preemergence and early post- 1,000ft2 (not to exceed May be used on seeded or sodded turf that
emergence herbicide that 1.5 fl oz/1,000ft2 per is well established. Grass must have good
provides control for weeds in application) root system and have received at least two
established turf or 0.25 lbs ai/A mowings following seeding/sodding.

Drive 75DF—A selective post-
emergence herbicide applied to
weeds actively growing.
1lb product per acre Annual Grasses
or 0.367 ounce per Apply to actively growing weeds as post-
1,000ft2 emergence broadcast or spot sprays. It is
or 0.75 lbs ai/A recommended not to mow 2 days before
or after applying Drive to maximize weed
control & minimize turf injury. Do not water
or irrigate for 24hrs after application. Delay
applications on new seedings until 30 days
after emergence.

Tupersan 50wp—Herbicide Use 4 to 12 pounds Annual Grasses

wettable powder for selective Tupersan Herbicide per Apply as final operation following seeding or
preemergence control of certain acre any time thereafter.When no more than 6
annual weed grasses in turf. or 2 to 6 lbs ai/A pounds of product per acre are used, re-treat
about one month later with an additional 4-6
pounds product per acre.
Bromoxynil—For post- 1.0—2.0 pints prod- Broadleaf Weeds
emergence broadleaf weed uct/Acre For use in nonresidential areas only. Best
control. weed control when weeds are less than 2” tall
when treated.

* Always follow manufacturers recommendations on label before applying any product to turfgrass areas

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 18

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OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 19

New Growth and Technology
Part 1.
Characterization of Sands
By Dr. Ed McCoy
The Ohio State University, OARDC. Wooster
School of Natural Resources
Introduction
S
ands play an important role in high traffic
turfgrass rootzones. Sands exhibit large com-
pressive strengths and small shear strengths
both of which are independent of soil mois-
ture. Sandy surface layers thus resist compres-
sive stresses from foot and vehicle traffic
regardless of rainfall conditions. Sandy surface layers are
also shown to divot and hold a well-played approach shot
more consistently than a more cohesive soil media.
Sands are also used on the golf course within bunkers
and here also have desired characteristics for quality
play. Thus, it would be very worthwhile to look closely at
some ways sands are characterized.
Sand particles are formed by the breakdown of crys-
talline igneous and metamorphic rocks or from existing
sandstone. Mineralogically, sands commonly consist of
quartz, feldspars, mica and limestone (calcite, dolomite
etc.). Classification of which mineral particles can be
called sand is based on size. According to the USDA
classification scheme, sand particles lie within a 0.05 to
2.0-mm diameter range. Alternatively, the engineering
classification protocol (AASHO-ASTM) uses a size range
of 0.075 to 2.0 mm and the STRI employs a range of
0.063 to 2.0 mm. Thus, the mineral material called sand
can vary depending on the classification scheme used.
Also, subcategories of sand particles exist particularly
so for the USDA scheme. Thus, very fine sand ranges
from 0.05 to 0.1 mm, fine sand ranges from 0.1 to 0.25
mm, medium sand ranges from 0.25 to 0.5 mm, coarse
sand ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and very coarse sand
ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 mm. The U.S. Golf Association (as
of 1993) essentially employs a classification scheme simi-
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 20
lar to that of the USDA except that very fine sand ranges
from 0.05 to 0.15 mm and fine sand ranges from 0.15 to
0.25 mm.
It is important, however, to remember the distinction
between sand particles and sand soil. From the soil textural
triangle, a sand soil must consist of from 85 to 90% by wt.
sand particles. Thus, what we commonly refer to as sand
can actually also contain some silt and clay sized particles.
In addition, some sands may contain gravel particles greater
than 2.0 mm as is commonly the case with sand used for
concrete.
The Distribution of
Grain Sized in a Sand
Sands are often a population of variously sized individ-
ual particles. The individual particles of a sand soil are suffi-
ciently large so that the population can be size separated by
merely sieving the sand through a nesting of variously sized
sieves. In fact, the sieve (or mesh) opening is employed to
define an individual sand particle size. Thus, a sieve retains
all particles greater than the specified mesh opening, allow-
ing all smaller sizes to pass through. Operationally, the siev-
ing process consists of stacking an appropriate selection of
sieves on top of each other. For the USDA classification
scheme, the sieves (from the bottom up) should have mesh
openings of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm. A pan is
placed on the bottom of the stack. Oven dry (105ºC) sand
is placed on top of the stack and the entire stack is shaken
until separation of the population is achieved. The mass of
sand particles retained on each sieve is then determined by
weighing. Those particles still retained on the 2.0-mm
sieve are gravel particles and those retained on the
pan represent silt plus clay sized particles.
Based upon this sieving process, the sand size
distribution is typically described in three ways: by 1)
creating a table, 2) drawing a graph, or 3) calculating
a numerical index. Actual reporting of the results
from sand sieving may include one or more of
these techniques.
USDA Sand Size Distribution Table for a Hypothetical Sand Sample
Particle
Class Diameter (mm) %Retained
Gravel >2.0 2.0
Very Coarse 1–2 5.0
Coarse 0.5–1 33.0
Medium 0.25–0.5 47.0
Fine 0.1–0.25 11.0
Very Fine 0.05–0.1 2.0
The tabular results of a hypothetical sieve analysis are
given above. The %-retained values are determined by
dividing the weight of material on a given sieve by the
total sample weight. The cumulative % retained value is
determined by summing the % retained values from all
sieves greater than or equal to the size class of interest.
Finally, the cumulative % passing values are determined
by subtracting the corresponding cumulative % retained
value from 100 (cum. % passing = 100 - cum. %
retained).
By examining any of these three columns, it can be
concluded that this sand sample consists primarily of
medium and coarse particles (in fact 80% of the sample
falls within these size classes). More coarsely textured
sand would have a larger percent in the coarse and very
coarse classes while finer textured sand would have a
larger percent in the fine and very fine classes.
Alternatively, this tabular data can be used to draw a
graph of the sand size distribution. This graph is typically
constructed on (3 cycle) semi-log paper by using the
mesh openings as the x-axis values and the cumulative
%’s retained (or cumulative %’s passing) as the y-axis val-
ues. These data points are plotted and connected by a
smooth curve. The figure below shows a graphical pre-
sentation of the data for our hypothetical sand. A sand
sample that consists of particles coarser than shown
would have a curve that is shifted to the right while a
finer sand sample would have a curve that is shifted to
the left. The graphical presentation is useful in that
the size distribution can be viewed and assessed with
greater ease as compared with tabular presentation
of the sieve data. The graphical presentation is also
useful when comparing several sands.
Cumulative Cumulative
% Retained % Passing
2.0 98.0
7.0 93.0
40.0 60.0
87.0 13.0
98.0 2.0
100.0 0
Finally, it is possible to calculate a numerical index
to describe the sand size distribution. This is conve-
nient in that the sieving data can be reduced to a sin-
gle value. Even though this method is convenient, it is
the least commonly used method for reporting sieving
data. The two methods for determining this index
that have been adopted in golf and sports turf applica-
tions are calculation of the Fineness Modulus (Blake,
1980, Proc. 3rd Int. Turfgrass Conf., p. 195-203) and
calculation of Dx indices.
The Fineness Modulus is a calculated index used
in the sand industry to quantify the particle sizes in a
sand sample. This index is calculated by summing the
cumulative percents retained on mesh numbers 4, 8,
16, 30, 50, and 100. This sum is then divided by 100.
[These mesh numbers correspond to sieve openings
of 4.75, 2.36, 1.18, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.15 mm.] The table
below shows an example calculation of the Fineness
Modulus for our hypothetical sand sample. The
Fineness Modulus for this sample is 2.06. Finer tex-
tured sand samples would have a smaller Fineness
Modulus value while coarser sands would have a larger
value. Further Blake (1980) recommends that sands
used for putting green construction generally fall with-
in a Fineness Modulus range of 1.7 to 2.5.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 21
 Sand Worksheet
100 0
Cumulative Percent Passing

Cumulative Percent Retained

90 10
80 20
70 30
60 40
50 50
40 60
30 70
20 80
10 90
0
0.02 0.1 1 5 100
Particle Diameter (mm)

The Dx approach actually represents a whole fami-
ly of sand size indices. The Dx value of a sand sample
refers to the grain diameter that separates the finer
(smaller) particles from those coarser (larger). The ‘x’
can be arbitrarily chosen (between 1 and 99) and indi-
cates the cumulative percent passing. Thus, the D10
value could be viewed as the sieve size where 10% of
the sand particles pass through and 90% of the parti-
cles are retained. The first step in determining a Dx
index is to plot the results of a sieve analysis on semi-
log paper and connect the points to form a smooth
curve. Then finding the percent passing correspond-
ing to our desired x value, we trace over to the curve
for the sand sample and follow down to the particle
diameter. This particle diameter is the Dx value. For
example, the D20 value for our hypothetical sand
sample is about 0.28 mm. Many of the performance
characteristics of sand such as the saturated hydraulic
conductivity have been related to its D10 or D20
value. Also, the mid-particle diameter (D50) is
sometimes used.

Calculation of the Finess Modulus for the Hypothetical Sand

Sieve Opening Cumulative
Mesh # (mm) %Retained % Retained

4 4.75 0.2 0.2

8 2.36 1.3 1.5

16 1.18 1.5 3.0

30 0.60 22.0 25.0

50 0.30 56.0 81.0

100 0.15 14.2 95.2

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 22

 Ex: Find D20 Value for Sand Sample
100
Cumulative Percent Passing
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.02 0.1
Particle Diameter (mm)
It is also possible to calculate a Dx index for a grav-
el sample following the same procedure as used for
sand. The USGA (in the 1993 revision) has utilized
calculation of various Dx values for both the root zone
and gravel layers of a putting green profile to ensure
proper construction of a 2-tier design. In these cases
D15, D85 and D90 values are used.
The Uniformity of
Grain Sizes in a Sand
The uniformity of the sand particle size distribu-
tion influences the range of pore sizes in well-packed
or compacted sand. Uniform sized, spherical grains
when packed to their maximum density will consist of
approximately 60% solid matter and 40% pore space.
However, sand grains of about 40% of the size of the
primary particles would fit into the gaps between the
larger sand grains and would reduce the pore space
further. More significantly, the large diameter pores
resulting from packing of the primary particles would
be severely reduced. Thus, uniformity of sand grain
sizes influences the performance of sand with regard
to creating a suitable root zone.
Sand uniformity is determined from the sieving
data and the data can be analyzed using similar proce-
dures as that employed in describing sand sizes. Thus,
sand uniformity can be determined from a tabular
0
Cumulative Percent Retained
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.28 mm 1 5 100
presentation of the sand sieving data, from a graphical
presentation, and from calculating a variety of indices.
A uniform sand is one having a large percent
retained (e.g. 75%) within a single or two adjacent size
classes. Our hypothetical sand with 80% of the particles
in the medium and coarse size classes is considered to
be relatively uniform particularly for golf and sports turf
root zone applications. A sand sample having approxi-
mately equal percents retained in all size classes would
correspondingly be very non-uniform. Using engineer-
ing terminology, uniform sand is referred to as being
poorly graded while non-uniform sand is called well
graded.
A graphical presentation of the sieve data can also be
used to determine relative sand uniformity. As with the
tabular form, the identical graph that was drawn to visu-
alize sand sizes can be used to quantify sand uniformity
(see previous graph). In this case, a steep cumulative %
retained curve would indicate a relatively uniform sam-
ple. In other words, when a change from a low cumula-
tive % retained to a high cumulative % retained occurs
within a small range of particle diameters then the sand
is considered uniform. A flattened curve as would occur
when a large range of diameters is needed to go from
low to high cumulative % retained would indicate a
non-uniform sand.
Finally, sand uniformity can be assessed by calcula-
tion of a gradation index or uniformity coefficient.
These gradation indices employ the Dx approach used
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 23

for sand size analysis. For example, the D90/D10 gra-
dation index is obtained by dividing the D90 value
(i.e. the grain diameter where 90% of the particles are
smaller) by the D10 value (i.e. the grain diameter
where only 10% of the particles are smaller). Thus,
our hypothetical sand having a D90 value of 0.9 and a
D10 value of 0.22 would have a D90/D10 gradation
index of about 4.1. Other gradation indices have also
been used such as the D95/D5 or D60/D10. In these
cases, larger gradation indices indicate a less uniform
sand while smaller values indicate a more uniform
sand. It is impossible for these gradation indices to be
less than 1.0.
Various authorities have recommended gradation
index ranges for sands to be used in golf and sports
turf. These include a D90/D10 range of 6 to 12
(Adams, 1982, Turf Management 1:23-24) a D95/D5
range of 2 to 6 (Bingaman & Kohnke, 1970, Agron. J.
62:464-467) and a D60/D10 range of < 4 (Blake,
1980).
Ex: Find D90/D10 Value for Sand Sample
100
Cumulative Percent Passing
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.02 0.1
Particle Diameter (mm)
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 24
Particle Shape
Two main parameters are generally used to
describe the shape of sand grains. The sphericity of
the grain indicates its closeness to a perfect sphere
with highly elongated grains being described as having
low sphericity. The angularity relates more to the
microscale roughness of the grain surface with sands
ranging from well rounded to highly angular. The two
components of grain shape are usually determined by
examining the grains under a microscope (magnifica-
tion to 25X) and comparing the shape using the stan-
dard chart shown below.
For most golf and sports turf applications, grain
shape is of secondary importance as compared to sizes
and uniformity. High sphericity and well-rounded
shapes yield the maximum interparticle pore size. If
the sand is relatively coarse and uniform, however,
these shapes result in greens that never quite ‘set-in’
and are prone to foot printing. This occurs because
(like a bed of marbles) the high sphericity and well-
rounded grains have a very low shear strength. Very
angular and low sphericity sands, while having a rela-
tively higher shear strength, can theoretically pack
0
Cumulative Percent Retained
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0.21 0.9 1 5 100

Very Angular Sub-
Angular Angular
quite tightly (like a load of bricks) and lead to low
total porosities. On the other hand, angular sands
tend to have a higher angle of repose which helps
retain a sufficient depth of sand on steeply sloped
bunker faces.
Mineralogy of Sands
While most sand particles are composed primarily
of silica other minerals can be present in a sand sam-
ple. Of most significance for high traffic turfgrass root
zones are calcareous sands defined as any sand sample
containing at least 1% by weight CaCO3 (calcium car-
bonate, or calcite).
Calcareous sands exist in various places around the
U.S. and world, but their use is discouraged because
of their impacts on turf management and suspected,
yet unconfirmed problems associated with their long-
term chemical stability. Calcareous sands result in an
increased root zone pH. This is particularly important
on fine turf areas where fescues and bentgrasses are
more closely adapted to lower soil pH conditions. An
increased content of calcareous sands will increase the
competitiveness of Poa annua and many broadleaf
weeds. Also, higher soil pH may favor turf disease.
Further, if the carbonate content of sand exceeds
about 15% by weight, there may be problems due to
chemical dissolution of these calcareous sand grains.
High
Sphericity
Medium
Sphericity
Low
Sphericity
Sub- Rounded Well
Rounded Rounded
While poorly documented, the scenario is thought to
work something like this: A root zone containing cal-
careous sand would have a higher than optimum pH.
Attempts to lower the root zone pH by adding acid
forming compounds (i.e. sulfur, etc.) to the surface of
the profile will result in dissolution of the carbonate
sands. The ions resulting from the carbonate sands
will migrate through the profile into deeper soil layers
where the pH is higher. These ions will subsequently
precipitate to form a cemented and impermeable
layer. Clearly, the turf will suffer from the waterlogged
soil conditions due to poor drainage of the root zone.
Recent work to characterize calcareous sands have
shown that material containing more than 70% calcite
consists of a population of discrete calcite grains
mixed with other distinct grains of silica. On the other
hand, sands with less than 10% calcite are comprised
of quartz or silica grains with small deposits of calcite
coating the surface. Sand samples containing 30 to
40% calcite have a combination of the two mineral
forms. That is, these samples contain both discrete cal-
cite grains and have calcite coatings on the remaining
silica particles.
This article is the first installment in a two-
part paper written by Dr. Ed McCoy. The
second paper titled “The Characteristics of
Organic and Inorganic Materials” will feature
in the next issue of the OTF Newsletter.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 25
New Growth and Technology

OSU Grub Control Update

By Dr. David Shetlar
The Ohio State University
Department of Landscape Entomologist

Over the last few years, I have provided a listing of
the various grub control products and their general
performance as determined by averaging all the tests
that have been published. When I was compiling this
listing last fall, I was struck by the dramatic differences
between the results of my two studies on Merit,
MACH2 and Meridian (the new neonicotinoid from
Syngenta) and the national averages.
Table 1 contains an abbreviated form of the
national performance table, while Tables 2 and 3
contain the data from my 2000 field studies.
From the national data, it is obvious that Merit and
MACH2 have provided better than 90% control even
though each have had several tests in which the results

Table 1. Ranked Efficacy of White Grub Insecticides—1976–19991

rate ave range % of tests
Insecticide lb.ai./a % control # tests % control below 70%
Thiamethoxama 0.2 99.3 17 94–100 0
(=Meridian)
Halofenozide 1.5 95.4 50 10–100 6
(=MACH2)
Imidacloprid 0.3 93.7 58 58–100 7
(=Merit)
Ethopropb 5.0 76.7 38 48–97 34
(=Mocap)
Trichlorfon 8.0 77.4 89 0–98 20
(=Dylox, Proxol)
Carbaryl 8.0 74.3 40 13–100 37
(=Sevin)
Diazinonc,d 4.0 69.9 19 47–99 42
5.5 74.8 41 25–100 29
H. bacteriophora 0.5bill 57.7 3 14–92 67
Chlorpyrifos 4.0 54.6 32 0–96 59
(=Dursban)e
1
Data from Insecticide and Acaricide Tests & Arthropod Management Tests, Entomological Society of America (using masked
chafers and Japanese beetle evaluations 1977–2000 and label recommended application timing)
a
New product from Syngenta, expected registration in 2001
b
No longer manufactured, existing stocks can be used up
c
Not for use on golf courses or sod farms, to be discontinued for residential use in 2004
d
5.5 lb.ai./a rate reduced to 4.0 on current labels
e
Discontinued for residential use in 2001
Compiled by D. J. Shetlar, Oct 2000

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 26

 Table 2. Influences of Application Date on the Efficacy of Insecticides Applied
for Control of Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Driving Range.
Bent Tree Golf Course, Sunbury Ohio, 2000

rate application ave %

Treatment lb.ai./a date DAT larvae/ft2 control
Meridian 25WG 0.2 8 May 141 23.7 abc 39
Meridian 25WG 0.26 8 May 141 14.3 bcd 63
Meridian 25WG 0.2 14 July 74 3.9 d 90
Meridian 25WG 0.2 14 Aug 43 11.0 cd 72
Meridian 25WG 0.26 14 Aug 43 9.7 cd 75
Merit 75WP 0.3 8 May 141 30.9 a 20
Merit 75WP 0.3 14 July 74 5.3 d 86
Merit 75WP 0.3 14 Aug 43 7.3 cd 81
MACH2 LTI 1.5 14 Aug 43 5.7 d 85
Dylox 80SP 8.0 14 Aug 43 32.0 a 18
CHECK -- 38.8 a --

Plots 10 x 10 ft replicated 4x. Application volume 1.5 gal./1000ft2. Posttreatment irrigation: > 1/4 in. Data taken 26
September based on four 7 x 7 inch samples from each plot ANOVA on plot sums (P=0.003) and LSD at 0.1. Means
followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

were less than 70% control. Then, why did the results
from my 2000 tests end up with consistently low con-
trol? In all my previous tests, especially when Merit or
MACH2 were applied in June through mid-August, I
normally found 90 to 100% control!
The only factor that seem dramatically different in
these recent tests was THATCH! Over the last few
years, it has become increasingly difficult to find test
sites that had any consistent or even measurable
thatch. I have talked to my fellow entomologists at
other institutions and they echo the same “problem.”
My 2000 tests were performed on a practice driving
range that had not received the normal thatch reduc-
tion practices as the regular golf course and the
thatch thickness varied from 1/2-inch to slightly over
an inch in thickness, and the thatch generally formed
a compact layer.
Studies done by Dr. Harry Niemczyk in the 1980s
consistently showed that the grub insecticides of that
time got bound in the thatch. Though there were
measurable differences between the insecticides (i.e.,
trichlorfon or Dylox seemed better able to move
through thatch while nearly all of the chlorpyrifos got
stuck), every insecticide application resulted in 95%
or more of the residues were located in the thatch,
especially where the thatch was 1/2-inch thick or
more.
While I don’t have laboratory residue data from
my study (a very expensive process), I certainly suspect
that thatch may influence the efficacy our new insecti-
cides, Merit, MACH2 and Meridian, as much as our
traditional products. Therefore, if you suspect that
applications of one of these products has not per-
formed to your expectations, be sure to check the
thatch levels!
There can also be other reasons for apparent grub
control product failure. In the 1999 season, I per-
formed a grub “rescue” control experiment whereby
the products were applied in mid-September in an
attempt to control large stage grubs. My standard was
trichlorfon (=Dylox) and I was amazed that I got very
little control. The company technical representative
was also very concerned so we went back to the stor-
age facility and found out that the product used was
three-year-old product! Trichlorfon is apparently a lit-
tle tricky to achieve a stable formulation, so use
recently manufactured product.
In 1998, I was called out to a golf course that still
had four to five grubs per square foot in three fair-
ways—enough to cause skunks to dig—after a Merit
application made in mid-July at the correct rate. At
first, this would have appeared to have been a “break
through” or failure. Upon looking at the untreated
surrounding roughs, I found 50 to 70 grubs per
square foot! The Merit had done an excellent job,
providing its anticipated 90 to 95% control. There was
just an incredible grub pressure. Remember, NONE
of the currently registered insecticides can provide
100% control, 100% of the time!
Many folks are talking about timing of Merit or
MACH2 applications. When these two products hit
the markets, the distributors were suggesting that
MACH2 would continue to kill grubs in late August
into early September, while Merit was best used before
August 15. I have divided the published data on grub
control experiments according to time of application
in Table 4. I was frankly a bit amused to see that the
published data suggests that MACH2, Merit and
Meridian all have similar control windows—from mid-

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 27

 Table 3. Influences of Application Date on the Efficacy of Insecticides Applied
for Control of Masked Chafer Larvae on a Golf Course Driving Range.
Bent Tree Golf Course, Sunbury Ohio, 2000

rate application ave %

Treatment lb.ai./a date DAT larvae/ft2 control
Merit 75WP 0.3 8 May 141 12.5 bcd 58
Merit 75WP 0.4 8 May 141 11.4 bcd 62
Merit 75WP 0.3 8 June 110 10.8 bcd 64
Merit 75WP 0.4 8 June 110 3.5 d 88
Merit 75WP 0.3 14 July 74 4.6 cd 85
Merit 75WP 0.4 14 July 74 3.4 d 89
Merit 75WP 0.3 14 Aug 43 2.4 d 92
Merit 75WP 0.4 14 Aug 43 5.5 bcd 82
Meridian 25WG 0.2 8 May 141 17.8 ab 40
Meridian 25WG 0.2 8 June 110 9.0 bcd 70
Meridian 25WG 0.2 14 July 74 17.1 abc 43
Meridian 25WG 0.2 14 Aug 43 14.7 bcd 52
MACH2 LTI 1.5 8 June 110 4.4 cd 85
CHECK -- 29.8 a --

Plots 10 x 10 ft replicated 4x. Application volume 1.5 gal./1000ft2. Posttreatment irrigation: > 1/4 in. Data taken 26
September based on four 7 x 7 inch samples from each plot ANOVA on plot sums (P=0.003) and LSD at 0.1. Means
followed by the same letter are not significantly different.

May through mid-September! However, these data can
also be a bit misleading. In most of the studies, where
product was applied from mid-August through mid-
September, the efficacy was not measured for about 30
days after the applications. In the field, applications
made in September are often made because signifi-
cant turf damage of animal digging has occurred and
immediate grub kill is desired. This is not going to
happen with a Merit or MACH2 application. In my
studies, the first signs of grub death, especially when
large grubs are present, may not occur for 10 to 14
days after application.

Table 4. Comparison of Grub Insecticide Efficacy by Time of Application

rate ave % control (#tests)
Insecticide lb.ai./a May June July to Aug 16 to Sept 10

Halofenozide 1.5 99.4 (5) 96.8 (18) 96.4 (12) 92.8 (12) 80.9 (20)
(=MACH2)
Imidacloprid 0.3 97.7 (6) 90.8 (14) 93.1 (11) 95.1 (11) 93.7 (8)
(=Merit)
Thiamethoxam 2.0 100.0 (3) 98.7 (10) 98.4 (5) 100.0 (3) 87.4 (3)
(=Meridian) 0.26 97.9 (2) 100.0 (2) 98.5 (1) 100.0 (2) 100.0 (1)
Trichlorifon 8.0 – – – 91.0 (2) 82.6 (11)
(=Dylox/Proxo)

From studies published in Arthropod Management Tests (1997–2000), using Japanese beetle and masked chafer efficacy
data where checks had 4+ grubs per square foot and significant results.
Compiled by D.J. Shetlar, Oct. 2000

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 28

Ask The Experts

Question:

What is one of the best methods

for securing information on the
performance and characteristics of
cultivars of various turfgrass species?
Response by:
he best source for securing Dr. John R. Street
T unbias information on character-
istics of turfgrass cultivars of
both cool-season and warm-season
Department of Horticulture & Crop Science
The Ohio State University

grasses is the NTEP Trials. NTEP

stands for National Turfgrass
Evaluation Program. NTEP is spon-
sored by the USDA with additional
funding from turfgrass industry
representatives. (i.e. seed company
participants). Each company pays a
fee for each cultivar entry. Agronomic
testing of cultivars of various species
is administered to universities and
other agencies throughout the United
States about every 5 years. Some
species tests may contain anywhere
from 50–150 cultivars and tested at
universities representing 20–30 states.
The Ohio State University typically
participates in the NTEP Trials. Each
year, agronomic information from the
university research programs is
collected and reported in an annual
publication. A final report is provided
at the termination of the research trial.
A wide variety of parameters are rou-
tinely measured including quality,
genetic color, density, leaf texture,
spring greenup, fall color retention,
thatch, drought stress, disease and
insect occurrence, etc.
Annual reports on cultivar perfor-
mance are available from NTEP via
hard copy or the internet. NTEP will
also provide information on specific
cultivars and specific characteristics of
those cultivars for a fee.
NTEP can be contacted by:
1.NTEP
Beltsville, Ag. Res. Center—West
Building 001, Room 245
Beltsville, MD 20705
2.Telephone 301-504-5125
Fax 301-504-5167
3.E-mail (website)
www.NTEP.org
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 29
New Growth and Technology
Dollar Spot Management:
Summary of Dollar Spot in 2000
And a Look to the Future
J. W. Rimelspach & M. J. Boehm
The Ohio State University
Department of Plant Pathology
T his disease is known to be a problem on both cool
and warm season grasses. In Ohio the disease is com-
monly found on creeping bentgrass and on bluegrass.
A major concern is the severity of the disease on golf
courses on the creeping bentgrass and annual blue-
grass. The disease can impact turf usability/playability,
the aesthetic quality, and if left unchecked dollar spot
may result in death of infected plants.
Back to Basics of Plant Pathology
By reviewing the basic requirements for disease
develop and the principles of plant pathology, it may
be helpful to understand why dollar spot was such a
severe problem last year, why the disease was so wide
spread, and why management was so difficult.
Remember the three requirements for disease devel-
opment are: 1) a susceptible host, 2) presence of the
pathogen, and 3)conducive environment.This is very
simple and yet the interrelationship of these three
elements is quite complex.
The Host—At this time there is no known “total-
ly”resistant creeping bentgrass to dollar spot. In the
future with genetic engineering, great advancements
may be made in this area. When selecting a creeping
bentgrass or Kentucky bluegrass give serious consider-
ation to information available about the susceptibility
to dollar spot. One resource is the National Turfgrass
Evaluation Program (NTEP), check www.ntep.org for
more information.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 30
The Pathogen, is ambiguous and is present on
all golf courses in Ohio. There is no shortage of the
fungus and there is no practical way to eliminate it
from turf. There have been questions about the
development of new strains or races of the dollar spot
pathogen. This may be occurring, however, at this
time it is speculative. The OSU turfgrass pathology
team is pursuing advances in DNA “fingerprinting” to
identify different pathogens and changes in the
pathogen population.
The Environment, this is often the crucial factor
that tips the balance form manageable dollar spot to
epidemic conditions. In 2000 there was nearly ideal
weather conditions for the growth and development
of the dollar spot pathogen. These conditions were
stated early and were sustained most of the summer
and into the fall.
Disease Development
New infections usually occur in late spring, early
summer and again in autumn. Spots or damaged
areas often fade over winter as the turf recovers, how-
ever, these infectious sites can reappear under spring
conditions that are favorable for growth of the
pathogen. Once the primary symptoms occur, there is
often a rapid build up of disease. If the leaf tissue is
invaded, and the disease becomes well established and
advances into the stem tissue and crowns, often dead
spots will develop. If this coincides with poor growing
 Overview of dollar spot fungicide evaluation trials at OSU.

conditions for turf, recovery is slow and diseased areas
fail to heal and the disease lingers for long periods of
time. These damaged areas also provide inoculum for
further spread of the disease. The pathogen has also
been shown while actively growing to produce a
material that is toxic to roots of bentgrass.
Favorable temperatures, growth is initiated at
approximately 60°F with peak growth of the organism
reached between 70–80°F. Remember these tempera-
tures refer to the microclimate of the turf canopy.
There are variations with difference biotypes from dif-
ferent parts of the world.
Relative humidity at night greatly influences
expansion of the disease. If night time relative humidi-
ty is 85% or higher, then conditions are ideal for rapid
pathogen growth.
Excessive thatch levels provide an ideal site for
the pathogen to be harbored. Research done by
Halisky, Myers and Wagner, support the contention
that the fungus persists vegetatively in plant debris, and
seasonal outbreaks are the result of favorable conditions for
the pathogen. The mycelium grows from thatch and debris
up into the turf canopy.
A Review of 2000
Average temperatures were milder than normal, and
rainfall was above normal (see the following table for
details of data for central Ohio). These moderate tempera-
tures and long periods of wet turf, were nearly ideal for
disease development through much of the summer and
fall. Continuous favorable weather explains why the dis-
ease appeared to be out of control and so aggressive last
year. In “normal” years high temperatures and dry condi-
tions in mid summer would slow or suppress pathogen
growth and advancement. June was warmer than normal
and may have accelerated the onset of the disease.

Summary of weather in Columbus 2000 JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV
Average High Temperatures 81.9 82.3 82.3 76.1 69.8 49.5
Average Low Temperatures 61.0 61.8 60.6 55.0 46.2 33.4
Average Temperatures 71.7 72.4 71.5 64.5 56.9 41.4
Normal Average Temperatures 70.4 74.2 72.6 66.1 54.5 42.6
Total Monthly Precipitation 3.0 4.4 4.8 6.6 4.9 2.2
Normal Monthly Precipitation 4.5 4.7 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.1

aOTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 31

 Management
The following are some comments and general
recommendations to keep in mind while planning a
dollar spot management program. Now is the ideal
time to implement a total turf health care manage-
ment program. Some may refer to this as an IPM
management program for dollar spot. The name is
not important, but rather that all management factors
are considered and the disease is addressed in a
broader scope than just applying fungicides.
1. Fertilization Programs: In many situations fer-
tility programs are too low. Sand vs native soil is a
key considerations. The turf needs to be growing
to out grow the disease and to recover from dam-
age. If there is minimal growth, increase the fertil-
ization.
2. Water Management: These are two separate
issues. First, make sure that there is adequate soil
moisture to promote growth and vigor of the turf.
Turf growing under moisture stress has been
clearly demonstrated to be more susceptible to
dollar spot. Secondly, minimize the time frame
that the leaves are wet.
3. Dew removal will dry the turf and reduce dis-
ease activity. Many techniques can be used. If irri-
gation is used assess the impact on water manage-
ment and turf health. Many have implemented
dew removal on fairways and report reduced dis-
ease.
4. Use of PGR’s (Plant Growth Regulators):
Many individuals and researchers have noted no
significant increases in dollar spot with the use of
PGR’S on turfgrass. Others feel that they have
seen increase diseases. The key factor with PGR’s
is to not use when turf is damaged or when there
is a high likelihood of stress or damage to occur.
5. Thatch Management: High or excessive levels
of thatch will increase dollar spot severity. The
thatch level impacts the survival, growth, and
expansion of the pathogen.
6. Mowing: Clipping removal may help remove
some of the pathogen but also removes nutrients.
Be sensitive to mowing schedules in relationship
to the application of fungicides. It would be rec-
ommended to delay mowing for 24 hours after
fungicide applications.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 32
7. Genetic Susceptibility: At this time there is no
completely resistant or immune creeping bent-
grass to dollar spot. However, there is a consider-
able variability in susceptibility. A more resistant
bentgrass will not eliminate the need for fungi-
cide applications but is an important tool for
management of dollar spot.
8. Chemical Applications: The misapplication or
over use of various chemicals (herbicides, wetting
agents, insecticide, etc.) used for turf manage-
ment often will increase stress on turf and may
increase dollar spot severity. Carefully consider
what is used, what the material is doing to the
turf, and proper application procedures.
9. Fungicide Programs and Applications: Much
has been written and said about proper fungicide
applications for the most effective management of
diseases, the following are just some items to keep
in mind
• Use common sense.
• Read the label!!! There are more label changes all
the time. The label contains key information for
the successful use of the product.
• Start applications before there is a wide out break
of disease, once there is an epidemic it is very
difficult to bring under control and for the turf to
recover.
• Rates, if there is active disease use the high label
rate.
• Time interval between applications, when diseases
are active keep short and frequent.
• Volume of water, low volumes often result in poor
coverage. The ideal is 2 gallon per 1000 sq ft.
• Nozzles, remember to select for complete cover-
age. This is especially important if using a contact
fungicide.
• Coordinate other maintenance activities, such as
mowing, watering, etc to maximize turf health and
the effectiveness of the fungicide application.
Summary: These are a few thoughts to con-
sider in dollar spot management. Some
items may be more applicable to your situa-
tion than others. If there are additional sug-
gestions or comments please contact us.
 Dollar Spot Control on Creeping Bentgrass
(Agrostis palustris ‘L-93’)
The Ohio StateThe Ohio State University
University–Columbus, Ohio–2000
Columbus, Ohio–2000
The impact of fungicides and fertilizer applications were
evaluated on the curative and preventative control of dollar spot in
creeping bentgrass. The test was conducted at The Ohio State
University Turfgrass Research Center, Columbus, OH on a stand of
creeping bentgrass established in 1997. The mowing height was
0.19 inches, clippings were removed, and the area was irrigated as
needed. The condition of the turf was good with fair color, no
thatch and good density. Fertilizer was applied on May 5 at 0.5 lb
N/1000 sq ft with a 18-4-18. No other fertilizer was applied
except for the treatments as noted in the results table. The soil
was Crosby B silt loam with a pH 7.3. Individual plots measured
3 ft x 5 ft, with three replications, and were arranged in a random-
ized complete block design. All treatments were started on June
22 and ended on September 7.
Favorable environmental conditions for dollar spot occurred in
late June to late July and again in mid August through the end of the
study. These two periods of disease activity provided an opportunity
to evaluate the treatments for both curative and preventative control
of dollar spot. Relatively uniform disease symptoms were present
over the area. Many of the fertility treatments had a significant reduc-
tion of disease. Even though the fertilizer treatments were not to the
acceptable level for disease control, these treatments demonstrate
the important role of fertilization in the management of this disease. It
is important to note that any rating of 2% disease or greater was
considered unacceptable. Curative data shows the importance of
high rates when addressing active disease. Only one treatment
resulted in some turfgrass phytotoxicity and that was Banner MAXX
at the 2.0 oz with repeated applications.

Dollar Spot Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris ‘L–93’)—2000

% of plot area infected with dollar spot
Application Curative2 Preventive3
Treatment and rate/100 sq ft Interval 06 12 20 31 07 14
(days) JUL JUL JUL AUG SEP SEP

Check (untreated) — 4.3 3.3 2.0 5.0 9.0 14.0

710–132 5.0 fl oz 7 3.0 1.7 0.7 3.3 2.0 2.7
Turf Vigor 18 fl oz 7 2.3 1.3 1.0 3.3 6.0 5.0
Turf Vigor 18 fl oz 14 3.3 1.7 1.0 7.0 8.3 11.7
Urea (46–0–0) sprayed 2.8 oz (0.8 lbN/1000) 7 4.3 3.0 1.7 5.3 6.7 20.0
Touche 50EG 1.0 oz 14 2.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.0 1.0
Chipco 26GT 2SC 4.0 fl oz + Chipco Signature 80 WG 4.0 oz 14 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3
Chipco Signature 80 WG 4.0 oz + Daconil Ultrex 82.5 WG 3.8 oz 14 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0
Daconil Ultrex 82.5 WG 3.8 oz 14 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0
Eagle 40 WP 0.6 oz 14 4.3 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fore Rainshield 80WP 8.0 oz 14 1.7 1.3 1.0 6.3 4.7 9.3
Bayleton 25DF 0.5 oz 14 3.7 1.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daconil Ultrex 82.5 WG 3.2 oz 14 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.0 0.3
Banner MAXX 1.24MEC 0.5 oz 14 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
Banner MAXX 1.24MEC 1.0 oz 14 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
Banner MAXX 1.24MEC 2.0 oz 14 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Banner MAXX 1.24MEC 2.0 oz 21 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chipco 26GT 2SC 4.0 fl oz 14 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0
Compass 50WG 0.15 oz 14 1.7 1.0 0.7 3.7 3.3 3.3
Heratage 50WG 0.4 oz 28 5.0 2.3 2.3 7.0 8.3 14.3
Compass 50WG 0.15 oz + Banner MAXX 1.24MEC 1.0 oz 14 5.0 4.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urea (46–0–0) 34.8 oz (1.0 lbN/1000) 56 2.3 1.3 0.7 5.3 6.7 6.3
Urea (46–0–0) 34.8 oz (1.0 lbN/1000) 28 2.3 1.7 0.7 3.7 5.7 6.3
Urea (46–0–0) 34.8 oz (1.0 lbN/1000) 14 4.0 1.7 1.0 3.3 5.0 4.0
Urea (46–0–0) spray 3.5 oz (0.1 lbN/1000) 7 5.3 2.7 1.7 5.7 5.7 10.7
LSD (P=0.05) 2.3 1.8 1.2 2.9 2.3 6.5

1
≥2% disease is unacceptable
2
Diseases pressure was decreasing through the curative rating period.
3
Diseases pressure was increasing through preventative rating period.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 33


Message From Your
Executive Director
Iapproved
am pleased to announce that the OTF Board of Directors has
the contract to retain the services of Offinger
Management Company for the next five years. We hope you are
as pleased as we are. Barring the unexpected, this means that I
have the privilege of serving as your Executive Director five
more years. Believe it or not, it has already been an exciting
2-1/2 years during which I have learned much, met many great
people, and seen the organization grow.
You may be asking yourself “What is Offinger Management
Company?” Offinger Management Company (OMC) is an
association, expositions, and event management company. Not
many companies like ours exist, especially in Central Ohio,
where I know of only three others.
Many small, non-profit associations are run by volunteers. As
they grow, the tasks and responsibilities outweigh the time and
expertise of the volunteers. Growing organizations are com-
monly faced with staffing issues. Do we hire full time staff and
equip an office with the necessary equipment and infrastruc-
ture? Sometimes the answer is yes. For some, it makes sense to
outsource the day-to-day management of the organization.
Several years ago, OTF’s volunteer leaders were wise enough
to choose to outsource its management, and hired a small asso-
ciation management company. However, OTF continued to
expand, and outgrew its resources. In 1998, OMC was hired.
OMC is headquartered in Zanesville with offices in
Columbus. All processing takes place in Zanesville, while I work
out of the Columbus office. OMC has 50 full-time employees,
including its subsidiary advertising and travel agencies. It man-
ages 10 trade associations and more than 30 annual expositions.
What does all this mean? It means that as a multi-manage-
ment company, we can provide consistency and management
expertise. We can also provide savings—by sharing the overhead
expenses among several organizations. It means we can provide
depth of staff. In working with OMC, you not only get me, you
get an Accounting Department, Advertising, IS, Travel,
Customer Service, and more.
We hope you are happy with the job we are doing. If you
ever have questions, please feel free to call me, or our customer
service department (who happen to be some of the nicest
people you will ever speak with) at any time. We look forward
to serving you another five years!
Cordially,
Kevin Thompson
OTF Executive Director
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 34
Exhibit Space Sales Brisk
Exhibit space sales for this year’s Ohio Turfgrass Conference &
Show, December 3-6, are moving along rapidly. A new system for
reserving space this year allows past exhibitors the chance to
reserve their space based upon an earned priority point system.
New exhibitors can request space, but it will not be assigned
until June 25.
The point system has been used for several years, and until
this year, exhibitors had the chance to reserve space at the current
show. This year, all reservations are made via mail. “Exhibit space
reservations at the show (for the following year) caused a lot of
confusion with exhibitors, and sometimes the exhibitors were too
busy selling to make their appointment,” explained Kevin
Thompson, Show Manager. “Also, it was difficult for exhibitors to
know exactly how much space they needed the following year
until they had a chance to evaluate the current show. Sometimes,
they reserved space, and when it came time to confirm that space
several months later, they wanted more. But the space around
them was already reserved and they could not expand,”
Thompson continued.
Priority points are earned for each year a company exhibits,
and for each 10’ x 10’ exhibit space. Exhibitors with more than 20
points were sent contracts on March 30 along with a letter stating
their accumulated point total. More than 250 booths have already
been reserved by this group. Exhibitors with 11–20 points were
mailed contracts on April 30. Exhibitors with less than 10 points
will be mailed contracts on May 28. Exhibit space assignments for
all new exhibitors will begin June 25.
“While exhibit space sales are currently going very well, we
still have plenty of excellent space available,” adds Thompson.
“With the layout of the convention center and the exhibit hall floor,
there isn’t a bad booth in the show. Unless you wait until fall to
reserve your space, you’re almost guaranteed a good location”.
For more information on exhibiting at the Ohio Turfgrass
Conference & Show, call Kevin Thompson at 888-683-3445,
ext, 3151.
In Memoriam: Jack Kidwell Dies
Jack Kidwell, Golf Course owner, superintendent,
and architect, died Sunday April 29 at the age of 82 after
battling Parkinson’s disease for more than 20 years.
Kidwell built, renovated, or added to more than 100 golf
courses in a 50-year career. He seldom did a project more
than a 5-hour drive from Columbus because he preferred to
stay near his wife and four daughters.
Kidwell formed a partnership in 1970 with Michael
Hurdzan and worked together until the mid-80’s when
Kidwell’s illness forced him to retire. He left a legacy of golf
courses the common man could afford to play. Only 2 of his
courses cost more than $1 million to build.
A final tribute was to be paid to Kidwell May 13 when
the American Society of Golf Course Architects, of which
he was president in 1979 and ‘80, honored him with its
lifetime achievement award.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 63 • No. 3 • 2001 • Page 35
 PRSRT STD
US POSTAGE
PAID
COLUMBUS, OH
PERMIT #3825

PO Box 3388
Zanesville, OH 43702–3388
888–OTF–3445
Fax (740) 452–2552

OTF Board of Trustees 2001 OTF Officers Technical Advisory

Trustees President Committee
Term Expires 2002 Len Dunaway
Dr. Michael J. Boehm
Xenia Power Equipment
Dr. Chuck Darrah The Ohio State University
CLC LABS President Elect Dept. Plant Pathology
Mark Heinlein
Hank Chafin Dr. Karl Danneberger
The Motz Group
Chafin Enterprises The Ohio State University
Vice President Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Glen Pottenger John Mowat
Green Velvet Sod Farms Dr. David Gardner
Century Equipment
The Ohio State University
Trustees Treasurer Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Term Expires 2003 George Furrer
Dr. Parwinder Grewal
Lesco, Inc.
Mark Grunkemeyer OARDC/OSU
Buckeye EcoCare Immediate Past President Dept. Entomology
Randy Tischer
Mark Jordan Dr. Ed McCoy
Green Velvet Sod Farms
Westfield Companies Country Club OARDC
Director of Education School of Natural Resources
Mark Rawlins
Dr. John R. Street
Longaberger Golf Club Dr. Harry Niemczyk
The Ohio State University
OARDC/OSU
Trustees Executive Director Dept. Entomology
Term Expires 2004 Kevin Thompson
Joseph W. Rimelspach (Chairman)
Boyd Montgomery OTF/Offinger Management Co.
The Ohio State University
Sylvania Recreation Dept. Plant Pathology
Lin Ropp Dr. Dave Shetlar
UHS The Ohio State University
Todd Voss Dept. Entomology
Double Eagle Golf Club Dr. John R. Street
The Ohio State University
Dept. Hort & Crop Science