www.edexcel.

com GCE Examinations

Edexcel
General Certifcate of Education
June 2012 FINAL
Week 1
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
07 May
6BI07 AS Biology Unit 3B: Written Alternative paper,
Practical Biology and Research Skills (International
centres only)
1h 30m
Wednesday
09 May
6CH07 AS Chemistry Unit 3B: Written Alternative paper,
Chemistry Laboratory Skills I (International
centres only)
1h 15m
Friday
11 May
6PH07 AS Physics Unit 3B: Written Alternative paper,
Exploring Physics (International centres only)
1h 20m
Monday
14 May
6967 AGCE AS Leisure Studies Unit 2
6BI01 AS Biology Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes
and Health
1h 30m
1h 30m
6916 AGCE AS Applied Business Unit 1
6938 AGCE AS Health and Social Care Unit 1
6BS01 AS Business Studies Unit 1: Developing New
Business Ideas
6EB01 AS Economics and Business Studies Unit 1: Developing
New Business Ideas
6SP02 AS Spanish Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in Spanish
1h 30m
1h 15m
1h 15m
1h 15m
2h 30m
Tuesday
15 May
6001/01 AS Accounting (International centres only)
6931 AGCE Engineering Unit 1
6987 AGCE AS Travel and Tourism Unit 1
6HI01 AS History Unit 1: Historical Themes in Breadth
3 hours
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 20m
6CH01 AS Chemistry Unit 1: The Core Principles of Chemistry 1h 30m
Wednesday
16 May
6663 AS Core Mathematics Unit C1
6677 AS Mechanics Unit M1
6GP01 AS Government and Politics Unit 1: People and Politics
6RS01 AS Religious Studies Unit 1: Foundations
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 20m
1h 45m
6BI08 A2 Biology Unit 6B: Written Alternative paper,
Practical Biology and Investigative Skills
(International centres only)
6ET01 AS English Literature Unit 1: Explorations in Prose
and Poetry
6JA01 AS Japanese Unit 1: Understanding and Written
Response in Japanese
1h 30m
2h 15m
2h 45m
Thursday
17 May
6PH01 AS Physics Unit 1: Physics on the Go 1h 30m 6GS01 AS General Studies Unit 1: Challenges for Society 1h 30m
Friday
18 May
6689 AS Decision Mathematics Unit D1
6683 AS Statistics Unit S1
6RU02 AS Russian Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in Russian
1h 30m
1h 30m
2h 30m
6941 AGCE AS Health and Social Care Unit 4
6EC01 AS Economics Unit 1: Competitive Markets
6EN01 AS English Language Unit 1: Language Today
6EL01 AS English Language and Literature Unit 1: Exploring
Voices in Speech and Writing
1h 30m
1h 30m
2h 15m
2h 15m
Week 2
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
21 May
6PH08 A2 Physics Unit 6B: Written Alternative paper,
Experimental Physics (International centres only)
6921 AGCE AS Applied Business Unit 6
6BS02 AS Business Studies Unit 2A: Managing the Business
6EB02 Economics and Business Studies Unit 2B: Business
Economics
1h 20m
1h 30m
1h 15m
1h 15m
6BI02 AS Biology Unit 2: Development, Plants and
the Environment
6GP02 AS Government and Politics Unit 2: Governing the UK
6MU03 AS Music Unit 3: Developing Musical Understanding
1h 30m
1h 20m
2h
Tuesday
22 May
6CH08 A2 Chemistry Unit 6B: Written Alternative Paper,
Chemistry Laboratory Skills II (International
centres only)
6GS02 AS General Studies Unit 2: The Individual in Society
1h 15m
1h 30m
6991 AGCE AS Travel and Tourism Unit 5
6AR01 AS Arabic Unit 1: Understanding and Written
Response in Arabic
6FT02 AS Design and Technology Unit 2: Food Technology
6GR02 AS Design and Technology Unit 2: Graphics
6RM02 AS Design and Technology Unit 2: Resistant Materials
6HI02 AS History Unit 2: British History Depth Studies
1h 30m
2h 45m
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 20m
Wednesday
23 May
6GN02 AS German Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in German
6PS01 AS Psychology Unit 1: Social and Cognitive Psychology
2h 30m
1h 20m
6CH02 AS Chemistry Unit 2: Application of Core Principles
of Chemistry
1h 30m
Thursday
24 May
6664 AS Core Mathematics Unit C2
6684 A2 Statistics Unit S2
6RS02 AS Religious Studies Unit 2: Investigations
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 15m
6GE01 AS Geography Unit 1: Global Challenges 1h 30m
Friday
25 May
6EC02 AS Economics Unit 2: Managing the Economy 1h 30m 6FR02 AS French Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in French
6PH02 AS Physics Unit 2: Physics at Work
2h 30m
1h 30m
Week 3
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
28 May
6GK01 AS Greek Unit 1: Understanding and Written
Response in Greek
6IN02 AS Italian Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in Italian
6MT02 AS Music Technology Unit 2: Listening and Analysing
2h 45m
2h 30m
1h 45m
6CN02 AS Chinese Unit 2: Understanding and Written
Response in Chinese
2h 30m
Tuesday
29 May
6UR02 AS Urdu Unit 2: Understanding and Written Response
in Urdu
2h 30m 6JA02 A2 Japanese Unit 2: Understanding, Written Response
and Research in Japanese
6PS02 AS Psychology Unit 2: Understanding the Individual
3 hours
1h 40m
Wednesday
30 May
6GE02 AS Geography Unit 2: Geographical Investigations
6CN03 A2 Chinese Unit 3: Understanding, Written Response
and Research in Chinese
1h 15m
2h 45m
6RU04 A2 Russian Unit 4: Research, Understanding and
Written Response in Russian
2h 30m
Thursday
31 May
6690 A2 Decision Mathematics Unit D2
6678 A2 Mechanics Unit M2
6AR02 A2 Arabic Unit 2: Understanding, Written Response
and Research in Arabic
6PE01 AS Physical Education Unit 1: Participation in Sport
and Recreation
6RS03 A2 Religious Studies Unit 3: Developments
6UR04 A2 Urdu Unit 4: Research, Understanding and Written
Response in Urdu
1h 30m
1h 30m
3 hours
1h 30m
1h 45m
2h 30m
6DR04 A2 Drama and Theatre Studies Unit 4: Theatre Text
in Context
6MT04 A2 Music Technology Unit 4: Analysing and Producing
2h 30m
2h
Friday
01 June
6667 AS Further Mathematics FP1
6680 A2 Mechanics Unit M4
6GK02 A2 Greek Unit 2: Understanding, Written Response
and Research in Greek
6IN04 Italian A2 Unit 4: Research, Understanding
and Written Response in Italian
1h 30m
1h 30m
3 hours
2h 30m
6EL03 A2 English Language and Literature Unit 3: Varieties
in Language and Literature
2h 45m
Week 4
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
11 June
6GP03 A2 Government and Politics Unit 3: Key Themes in
Political Analysis
6PS03 A2 Psychology Unit 3: Applications of Psychology
1h 30m
1h 30m
6EN03 A2 English Language Unit 3: Language Diversity and
Childrens Language Development
6PH04 A2 Physics Unit 4: Physics on the Move
2h 45m
1h 35m
Tuesday
12 June
6002/01 Accounting (International centres only)
6993 AGCE AS Travel and Tourism Unit 7
6HI03 A2 History Unit 3: Depth Studies and Associated
Historical Controversies
3 hours
1h 30m
2 hours
6EC03 A2 Economics Unit 3: Business Economics and
Economic Efficiency
6SP04 A2 Spanish Unit 4: Understanding and Written
Response in Spanish
1h 30m
2h 30m
Wednesday
13 June
6CH04 A2 Chemistry Unit 4: General Principles of Chemistry 1
- Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic Chemistry
1h 40m 6FT03 A2 Design and Technology Unit 3: Food Products,
Nutrition and Product Development
6GR03 A2 Design and Technology Graphics
Unit 3: Designing for the Future
6RM03 A2 Design and Technology Resistant Materials
Unit 3: Designing for the Future
6GE03 A2 Geography Unit 3: Contested Planet
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2h 30m
Thursday
14 June
6665 A2 Core Mathematics Unit C3
6679 A2 Mechanics Unit M3
6944 AGCE A2 Health and Social Care Unit 7
6GP04 A2 Government and Politics Unit 4: Extended Themes
in Political Analysis
6RS04 A2 Religious StudiesUnit 4: Implications
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 15m
6925 AGCE A2 Applied Business Unit 10
6BS03 A2 Business Studies Unit 3: International Business
6EB03 A2 Economics and Business Studies Unit 3:
International Business
1h 30m
1h 30m
1h 30m
Friday
15 June
6BI04 A2 Biology Unit 4: The Natural Environment and
Species Survival
1h 30m 6970 AGCE A2 Leisure Studies Unit 5
6GN04 A2 German Unit 4: Research, Understanding and
Written Response in German
6MU06 A2 Music Unit 6: Further Musical Understanding
9345/01 Law Paper 1 (International Centres only)
1h 30m
2h 30m
2 hours
3h
Week 5
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
18 June
6949 AGCE A2 Health and Social Care Unit 12
6PH05 A2 Physics Unit 5: Physics from Creation to Collapse
6PS04 A2 Psychology Unit 4: How Psychology Works
1h 30m
1h 35m
2 hours
6996 AGCE A2 Travel and Tourism Unit 10
6GS03 A2 General Studies Unit 3: Change and Progress
1h 30m
1h 30m
Tuesday
19 June
6FR04 A2 French Unit 4: Research, Understanding and
Written Response in French
6GE04 A2 Geography Unit 4: Geographical Research
2h 30m
1h 30m
6CH05 A2 Chemistry Unit 5: General Principles of Chemistry II
- Transition Metals and Organic Nitrogen Chemistry
1h 40m
Wednesday
20 June
6EC04 A2 Economics Unit 4: The Global Economy
6ET03 A2 English Literature Unit 3: Interpretations of Prose
and Poetry
2 hours
2h 45m
6PE03 A2 Physical Education Unit 3: Preparation for Optimum
Sports Performance
2 hours
Thursday
21 June
6BS04 A2 Business Studies Unit 4A: Making Business
Decisions
6EB04 A2 Economics and Business Studies Unit 4B:
The Wider Economic Environment and Business
1h 30m
1h 30m
6666 A2 Core Mathematics Unit C4
6691 A2 Statistics Unit S3
1h 30m
1h 30m
Friday
22 June
6BI05 A2 Biology Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Co-ordination
9345/02 Law Paper 2 (International Centres only)
1h 30m
3h
6668 A2 Further Mathematics FP2
6686 A2 Statistics Unit S4
1h 30m
1h 30m
Week 6
Date GCE Morning Length GCE Afternoon Length
Monday
25 June
6GS04 A2 General Studies Unit 4: Beliefs, Values
and Responsibilities
1h 30m 6669 A2 Further Mathematics FP3
6681 A2 Mathematics Unit M5
1h 30m
1h 30m
Tuesday
26 June
9801 Advanced Extension Award Mathematics 3h
1. The normal starting time for morning sessions is 9.00 a.m. and for afternoon sessions 1.30 p.m.
2. Modern Foreign Language Speaking tests must be completed before 15 May 2012.
3. Wednesday 22 August 2012 - restricted release of Level 3 qualification results to centres only.
4. Thursday 23 August 2012 - release of Level 3 qualification results to candidates.
Please note that in the following timetable AGCE = Applied GCE
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n
- R
e
s
is
ta
n
t M
a
te
r
ia
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 2
: D
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
P
r
a
c
tic
e
A
S
6
R
M
0
2
1
h
3
0
m
2
2
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
U
n
it 1
: C
o
m
p
e
titiv
e
M
a
r
k
e
ts
A
S
6
E
C
0
1
1
h
3
0
m
1
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
U
n
it 2
: M
a
n
a
g
in
g
th
e
E
c
o
n
o
m
y
A
S
6
E
C
0
2
1
h
3
0
m
2
5
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
a
n
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 1
:
D
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
N
e
w
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
Id
e
a
s
A
S
6
E
B
0
1
1
h
1
5
m
1
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
a
n
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 2
b
: B
u
s
in
e
s
s
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s

A
S
6
E
B
0
2
1
h
1
5
m
2
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
U
n
it 1
: L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
T
o
d
a
y
A
S
6
E
N
0
1
2
h
1
5
m
1
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
L
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
U
n
it 1
:
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
V
o
ic
e
s
in
S
p
e
e
c
h
a
n
d
W
r
itin
g
A
S
6
E
L
0
1
2
h
1
5
m
1
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
U
n
it 1
: E
x
p
lo
r
a
tio
n
s
in
P
r
o
s
e
a
n
d
P
o
e
tr
y
A
S
6
E
T
0
1
2
h
1
5
m
1
6
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
F
r
e
n
c
h
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
F
r
e
n
c
h
A
S
6
F
R
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
2
5
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
e
n
e
r
a
l S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 1
: C
h
a
lle
n
g
e
s
fo
r
S
o
c
ie
ty
A
S
6
G
S
0
1
1
h
3
0
m
1
7
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
e
n
e
r
a
l S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 2
: T
h
e
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l in
S
o
c
ie
ty
A
S
6
G
S
0
2
1
h
3
0
m
2
2
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
U
n
it 1
: G
lo
b
a
l C
h
a
lle
n
g
e
s
A
S
6
G
E
0
1
1
h
3
0
m
2
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
U
n
it 2
: G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
a
l In
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
s
A
S
6
G
E
0
2
1
h
1
5
m
3
0
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
e
r
m
a
n
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
G
e
r
m
a
n
A
S
6
G
N
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
2
3
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
P
o
litic
s

U
n
it 1
: P
e
o
p
le
a
n
d
P
o
litic
s
A
S
6
G
P
0
1
1
h
2
0
m
1
6
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
P
o
litic
s

U
n
it 2
: G
o
v
e
r
n
in
g
th
e
U
K
A
S
6
G
P
0
2
1
h
2
0
m
2
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
r
e
e
k
U
n
it 1
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
G
r
e
e
k
A
S
6
G
K
0
1
2
h
4
5
m
2
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
H
is
to
r
y
U
n
it 1
: H
is
to
r
ic
a
l T
h
e
m
e
s
in
B
r
e
a
d
th
A
S
6
H
I0
1
1
h
2
0
m
1
5
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
H
is
to
r
y
U
n
it 2
: B
r
itis
h
H
is
to
r
y
D
e
p
th
S
tu
d
ie
s
A
S
6
H
I0
2
1
h
2
0
m
2
2
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
Ita
lia
n
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
Ita
lia
n
A
S
6
IN
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
2
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
Ja
p
a
n
e
s
e
U
n
it 1
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

in
Ja
p
a
n
e
s
e
A
S
6
JA
0
1
2
h
4
5
m
1
6
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
M
u
s
ic
U
n
it 3
: D
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
M
u
s
ic
a
l U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
A
S
6
M
U
0
3
2
h
2
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
M
u
s
ic
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 2
: L
is
te
n
in
g
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
s
in
g
A
S
6
M
T
0
2
1
h
4
5
m
2
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
h
y
s
ic
a
l E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
: U
n
it 1
: P
a
r
tic
ip
a
tio
n
in
S
p
o
r
t a
n
d
R
e
c
r
e
a
tio
n

A
S
6
P
E
0
1
1
h
3
0
m
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 1
: P
h
y
s
ic
s
o
n
th
e
G
o
A
S
6
P
H
0
1
1
h
3
0
m
1
7
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 2
: P
h
y
s
ic
s
a
t W
o
r
k
A
S
6
P
H
0
2
1
h
3
0
m
2
5
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 3
B
W
r
itte
n
A
lte
r
n
a
tiv
e
P
a
p
e
r

(E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
P
h
y
s
ic
s
) In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l C
e
n
tr
e
s
o
n
ly
A
S
6
P
H
0
7
1
h
2
0
m
1
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 1
: S
o
c
ia
l a
n
d
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
A
S
6
P
S
0
1
1
h
2
0
m
2
3
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
th
e
In
d
iv
id
u
a
l
A
S
6
P
S
0
2
1
h
4
0
m
2
9
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
R
e
lig
io
u
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 1
: F
o
u
n
d
a
tio
n
s
A
S
6
R
S
0
1
1
h
4
5
m
1
6
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
R
e
lig
io
u
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 2
: In
v
e
s
tig
a
tio
n
s
A
S
6
R
S
0
2
1
h
1
5
m
2
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
R
u
s
s
ia
n
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
R
u
s
s
ia
n
A
S
6
R
U
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
1
8
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
S
p
a
n
is
h
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
S
p
a
n
is
h
A
S
6
S
P
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
U
r
d
u
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
U
r
d
u
A
S
6
U
R
0
2
2
h
3
0
m
2
9
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
C
E
A
2
U
N
IT
S
S
U
B
JE
C
T
/
U
N
IT
T
IT
L
E
U
N
IT
C
O
D
E
D
U
R
A
T
IO
N

D
A
T
E
S
E
S
S
IO
N
A
c
c
o
u
n
tin
g
A
2
6
0
0
2
3
h
1
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
A
r
a
b
ic
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
, W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
A
r
a
b
ic
A
2
6
A
R
0
2
3
h
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
B
io
lo
g
y
U
n
it 4
: T
h
e
N
a
tu
r
a
l E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
S
p
e
c
ie
s
S
u
r
v
iv
a
l
A
2
6
B
I0
4
1
h
3
0
m
1
5
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
B
io
lo
g
y
U
n
it 5
: E
n
e
r
g
y
, E
x
e
r
c
is
e
a
n
d
C
o
-o
r
d
in
a
tio
n
A
2
6
B
I0
5
1
h
3
0
m
2
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
B
io
lo
g
y
U
n
it 6
B
W
r
itte
n
A
lte
r
n
a
tiv
e
P
a
p
e
r
(P
r
a
c
tic
a
l B
io
lo
g
y
a
n
d
In
v
e
s
tig
a
tiv
e
S
k
ills
)
In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l C
e
n
tr
e
s
o
n
ly
A
2
6
B
I0
8
1
h
3
0
m
1
6
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 3
: In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
2
6
B
S
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 4
B
: M
a
k
in
g
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
D
e
c
is
io
n
s
A
2
6
B
S
0
4
1
h
3
0
m
2
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
U
n
it 4
: G
e
n
e
r
a
l P
r
in
c
ip
le
s
o
f C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
I - R
a
te
s
,
E
q
u
ilib
r
ia
a
n
d
F
u
r
th
e
r
O
r
g
a
n
ic
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
A
2
6
C
H
0
4
1
h
4
0
m
1
3
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
U
n
it 5
: G
e
n
e
r
a
l P
r
in
c
ip
le
s
o
f C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
II - T
r
a
n
s
itio
n
M
e
ta
ls
a
n
d
O
r
g
a
n
ic

N
itr
o
g
e
n
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
A
2
6
C
H
0
5
1
h
4
0
m
1
9
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
U
n
it 6
B
W
r
itte
n
A
lte
r
n
a
tiv
e
P
a
p
e
r

(C
h
e
m
is
tr
y
L
a
b
o
r
a
to
r
y
S
k
ills
II) In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l C
e
n
tr
e
s
o
n
ly
A
2
6
C
H
0
8
1
h
1
5
m
2
2
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
C
h
in
e
s
e
U
n
it 3
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
, W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
C
h
in
e
s
e
A
2
6
C
N
0
3
2
h
4
5
m
3
0
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
D
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
- F
o
o
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 3
: F
o
o
d
P
r
o
d
u
c
ts
, N
u
tr
itio
n
a
n
d

P
r
o
d
u
c
t D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
A
2
6
F
T
0
3
2
h
1
3
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
D
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
- G
r
a
p
h
ic
P
r
o
d
u
c
ts
U
n
it 3
: G
r
a
p
h
ic
s
- D
e
s
ig
n
in
g
fo
r
th
e
F
u
tu
r
e
A
2
6
G
R
0
3
2
h
1
3
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
D
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
- R
e
s
is
ta
n
t M
a
te
r
ia
ls
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 3
: R
e
s
is
ta
n
t M
a
te
r
ia
ls
-
D
e
s
ig
n
in
g
fo
r
th
e
F
u
tu
r
e
A
2
6
R
M
0
3
2
h
1
3
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
D
r
a
m
a
a
n
d
T
h
e
a
tr
e
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 4
: T
h
e
a
tr
e
T
e
x
t in
C
o
n
te
x
t
A
2
6
D
R
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
U
n
it 3
: B
u
s
in
e
s
s
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
a
n
d
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
E
f
c
ie
n
c
y
A
2
6
E
C
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
U
n
it 4
: T
h
e
G
lo
b
a
l E
c
o
n
o
m
y
A
2
6
E
C
0
4
2
h
2
0
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
a
n
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 3
: In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
2
6
E
B
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
s
a
n
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 4
B
: T
h
e
W
id
e
r
E
c
o
n
o
m
ic
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
2
6
E
B
0
4
1
h
3
0
m
2
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
L
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
U
n
it 3
: V
a
r
ie
tie
s
in
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e

a
n
d
L
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
A
2
6
E
L
0
3
2
h
4
5
m
0
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
U
n
it 3
: L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
D
iv
e
r
s
ity
a
n
d
C
h
ild
r
e
n
s

L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
A
2
6
E
N
0
3
2
h
4
5
m
1
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
E
n
g
lis
h
L
ite
r
a
tu
r
e
U
n
it 3
: In
te
r
p
r
e
ta
tio
n
s
o
f P
r
o
s
e
a
n
d
P
o
e
tr
y
A
2
6
E
T
0
3
2
h
4
5
m
2
0
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
F
r
e
n
c
h
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

in
F
r
e
n
c
h
A
2
6
F
R
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
1
9
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
e
n
e
r
a
l S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 3
: C
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
P
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
A
2
6
G
S
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
8
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
e
n
e
r
a
l S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 4
: B
e
lie
fs
, V
a
lu
e
s
a
n
d
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilitie
s
A
2
6
G
S
0
4
1
h
3
0
m
2
5
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
U
n
it 3
: C
o
n
te
s
te
d
P
la
n
e
t
A
2
6
G
E
0
3
2
h
3
0
m
1
3
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
U
n
it 4
: G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
a
l R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
A
2
6
G
E
0
4
1
h
3
0
m
1
9
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
e
r
m
a
n
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
G
e
r
m
a
n
A
2
6
G
N
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
1
5
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
P
o
litic
s
U
n
it 3
: K
e
y
T
h
e
m
e
s
in
P
o
litic
a
l A
n
a
ly
s
is
A
2
6
G
P
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
P
o
litic
s
U
n
it 4
: E
x
te
n
d
e
d
T
h
e
m
e
s
in

P
o
litic
a
l A
n
a
ly
s
is
A
2
6
G
P
0
4
1
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
G
r
e
e
k
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
, W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h

in
G
r
e
e
k
A
2
6
G
K
0
2
3
h
0
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
H
is
to
r
y
U
n
it 3
: D
e
p
th
S
tu
d
ie
s
a
n
d
A
s
s
o
c
ia
te
d
H
is
to
r
ic
a
l
C
o
n
tr
o
v
e
r
s
ie
s
A
2
6
H
I0
3
2
h
1
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
Ita
lia
n
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n

R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
Ita
lia
n
A
2
6
IN
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
0
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
Ja
p
a
n
e
s
e
U
n
it 2
: U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
, W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
a
n
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
Ja
p
a
n
e
s
e
A
2
6
JA
0
2
3
h
2
9
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
L
a
w
P
a
p
e
r
1
9
3
4
5
/
0
1
3
h
1
5
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
L
a
w
P
a
p
e
r
2
9
3
4
5
/
0
2
3
h
2
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
M
u
s
ic
: U
n
it 6
: F
u
r
th
e
r
M
u
s
ic
a
l U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
A
2
6
M
U
0
6
2
h
1
5
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
M
u
s
ic
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 4
: A
n
a
ly
s
in
g
a
n
d
P
r
o
d
u
c
in
g
A
2
6
M
T
0
4
2
h
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
P
h
y
s
ic
a
l E
d
u
c
a
tio
n
U
n
it 3
: P
r
e
p
a
r
a
tio
n
fo
r
O
p
tim
u
m

S
p
o
r
ts
P
e
r
fo
r
m
a
n
c
e
A
2
6
P
E
0
3
2
h
2
0
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 4
: P
h
y
s
ic
s
o
n
th
e
M
o
v
e
A
2
6
P
H
0
4
1
h
3
5
m
1
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 5
: P
h
y
s
ic
s
fr
o
m
C
r
e
a
tio
n
to
C
o
lla
p
s
e
A
2
6
P
H
0
5
1
h
3
5
m
1
8
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
h
y
s
ic
s
U
n
it 6
B
W
r
itte
n
A
lte
r
n
a
tiv
e
P
a
p
e
r
(E
x
p
e
r
im
e
n
ta
l P
h
y
s
ic
s
)
In
te
r
n
a
tio
n
a
l C
e
n
tr
e
s
o
n
ly
A
2
6
P
H
0
8
1
h
2
0
m
2
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 3
: A
p
p
lic
a
tio
n
s
o
f P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
A
2
6
P
S
0
3
1
h
3
0
m
1
1
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
U
n
it 4
: H
o
w
P
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
W
o
r
k
s
A
2
6
P
S
0
4
2
h
1
8
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
R
e
lig
io
u
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 3
: D
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
ts
A
2
6
R
S
0
3
1
h
4
5
m
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
R
e
lig
io
u
s
S
tu
d
ie
s
U
n
it 4
: Im
p
lic
a
tio
n
s
A
2
6
R
S
0
4
1
h
1
5
m
1
4
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
R
u
s
s
ia
n
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
R
u
s
s
ia
n
A
2
6
R
U
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
3
0
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
S
p
a
n
is
h
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
in
S
p
a
n
is
h
A
2
6
S
P
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
1
2
/
0
6
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
U
r
d
u
U
n
it 4
: R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, U
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
in
g
a
n
d
W
r
itte
n
R
e
s
p
o
n
s
e

in
U
r
d
u
A
2
6
U
R
0
4
2
h
3
0
m
3
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
A
P
P
L
IE
D
G
C
E
U
N
IT
S
S
U
B
JE
C
T
/
U
N
IT
T
IT
L
E
U
N
IT
C
O
D
E
D
U
R
A
T
IO
N

D
A
T
E
S
E
S
S
IO
N
A
p
p
lie
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
S
U
n
it 1
(6
9
1
6
)
1
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
p
m
A
p
p
lie
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
S
U
n
it 6
(6
9
2
1
)
1
h
3
0
m
2
1
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
2
a
m
A
p
p
lie
d
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
A
2
U
n
it 1
0
(6
9
2
5
)
1
h
3
0
m
1
4
/
0
6
/
2
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D
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liv
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6
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6
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t
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2
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s
)
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a
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(
4
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fo
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s
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A
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.

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