REPORT ON RICE

Introduction:
As one of the so-called BRICs, India is experiencing a rapid economic development and growth
in recent years, especially after the 1990s when India started to liberalize its economy in a full
scale.With no doubt, a series of economic liberalization policies implemented after 1991 in
India largely contributed to the accelerated growth in the country until the present day.
However, this paper will focus more on the role of the Indian agricultural sector in its history of
overall economic development process. To mention at first the major conclusion of the paper,
we consider that agricultural growth should be preceded the modern economic growth which is
based on industrialization. As described later in detail, we emphasize the existence of domestic
market for 2 non-agricultural products and services as an important pre-requisite for the
success of industrialization. By agricultural development through productivity growth such as
the Green Revolution, rural income can be raised and rural poverty be alleviated. Therefore the
Green Revolution can contribute to the overall economic development through creating a
market in rural areas for non-agricultural products and services.
In the case of India, the Green Revolution at first started in the late 1960s. With the success
ofit, India attained food self-sufficiency within a decade by the end of the 1970s (the first
wave of the Green Revolution). However, because it confined only to wheat crop and in
northern India such as Punjab, it failed to raise income in the vast rural areas of the country.
The second wave of the Green Revolution, however, reached India finally in the 1980s. Since
it involved almost all the crops including rice (which is a very important staple food in eastern
and southern India) and it covered the whole country, it was able to contribute to raise rural
income and alleviate rural poverty in the whole country. Thus the second Green Revolution in
the 1980s was essential for the history of Indian economic development.
This paper composes as followings. In the section I, we will reflect the process of the
agricultural development in India after its independence in 1947. In particular, the process of
the first and the second waves of the Green Revolution and their impacts will be delineated in
detail. In the section II, the role of the Green Revolution in India on its history of economic
development will be presented. In the section III, the implications of the Indian experience for
the contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa will be discussed, taking into consideration the
similarities and differences between the two regions.

Types of Rice:





Long Grain Brown Rice
Long grain rice has a long, slender kernel, four
to five times longer than its width. Cooked
grains are separate, light, and fluffy.

Medium Grain Brown Rice
Medium grain rice has a shorter, wider kernel
(two to three times longer than its width) than
long grain rice. Cooked grains are more moist
and tender, and have a greater tendency to
cling together than long grain.

Short Grain Brown Rice
Short grain rice has a short, plump, almost
round kernel. Cooked grains are soft and cling
together.

Sweet Brown Rice
Sweet rice is short and plump with a chalky
white, opaque kernel. When cooked, sweet rice
loses its shape and is very sticky.

Wehani Rice
This long-grain honey-red rice was naturally-
bred and developed from an Indian Basmati-
type seed. Like other aromatic rices, it has a
distinctive nutty fragrance when cooked.
(Lundberg Family Farms developed this variety
of rice. While we don't usually use brand
names, we're including Wehani rice here to
illustrate the diversity of rice varieties
available, and to make the point that new
varieties are being developed all the time.)

Brown Basmati Rice
India is well known for its fragrant Basmati rice,
another aromatic long-grain rice with a distinct
"popcorn" aroma.

Himalayan Red Rice
Also imported from India, this long-grain rice
has a reddish bran layer and a nutty, complex
flavor that adds visual and taste delight to any
dish.

Colusari Red Rice
Grown in the Sacramento Valley of the U.S.,
Colusari Red Rice originated in a seed bank in
Maryland. When cooked, it adds an upscale
burgundy color to the plate.
(As with the Wehani rice above, this rice was
custom-developed, through natural breeding
this time, for Indian Harvest Specialtifoods.)

Purple Thai Rice
Slightly sweeter than some other rices, Purple
Thai rice was traditionally used in dessert
recipes, but is now turning up in savory dishes
too. Add other ingredients at the last minute,
unless you want them to take on the distinctive
reddish-blue hue of this rice!

Chinese Black Rice
Chinese Black Rice is a medium-grain rice with
white kernels inside the black bran. Cooked, it
takes on a deep purplish color.

Major Exporters and Importers of Rice:
BANGKOK, Aug 9 (Reuters) - Thailand runs the risk this year
of losing its position as the world's biggest exporter of rice
because of high prices brought about by a government
intervention scheme.
Forecasts from the United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) show India could leapfrog Thailand this year, having
resumed exports last September after a four-year gap. Vietnam
could also ship more than Thailand to retain its second place.
India pulled out of the market in 2007 because of concern
about food shortages that in April 2008 pushed Thailand's
benchmark 100 percent B grade white rice to a record high of
$1,080 per tonne.
The benchmark has not returned to anywhere near that level
this year and now stands around $580 a tonne.
Here are USDA rankings and forecasts for the world's top 10
rice importing and exporting countries.
World's top 10 rice exporters (in million tonnes):
Country Exports Forecast
(2011) (2012)
1. Thailand 10.64 6.50
2. Vietnam 7.00 7.00
3. India 4.63 8.00
4. Pakistan 3.41 3.75
5. Brazil 1.29 0.90
6. Cambodia 0.86 0.80
7. Uruguay 0.84 0.85
8. Myanmar 0.77 0.60
9. Argentina 0.73 0.65
10.China 0.48 0.50

World's top 10 rice importers (in million tonnes):
Country Imports Forecast
(2011) (2012)
1. Indonesia 3.09 1.25
2. Nigeria 2.55 2.45
3. Iran 1.87 1.90
4. Bangladesh 1.48 0.40
5. EU-27 1.47 1.40
6. Philippines 1.20 1.50
7. Malaysia 1.07 1.08
8. Saudi Arabia 1.05 1.15
9. Iraq 1.03 1.20
10.Ivory Coast 0.93 0.95
Source: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

(Reporting by Apornrath Phoonphongphiphat; Editing by Alan
Raybould and Clarence Fernandez)

GLOBAL SCNERIO:

INDIAN SCNERIO:








Pie Chart of the Rice Production in the World
Germany (
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/drmni/; German: Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of
Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [bndsepublik dtlant] (
listen)),
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is a federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe. The country consists of 16
states and its capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 square
kilometres (137,847 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 80.6 million
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Various Germanic tribes occupied what is now northern Germany and southern Scandinavia
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During the Migration Period that coincided with the decline of the Roman Empire, the Germanic
tribes expanded southward and established kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the
10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire.
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During the 16th
century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. Occupied
during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted
in the unification of most of the German states in 1871 into the German Empire, which was
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After the German Revolution of 19181919 and the
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scientific and cultural fields at this time, Germany
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country was reunified.


Greece (Greek: , Ellda, pronounced [elaa] ( listen)), officially the Hellenic
Republic ( [elinici imokrati.a] Elliniki Dimokrata)
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and known since ancient
times as Hellas (Greek: ), is a country in Southern Europe.
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According to the 2011 census,
Greece's population is around 11 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city.
Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Western Asia, and Africa,
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and
shares land borders withAlbania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the
north and Turkey to the northeast. The country consists of nine geographic
regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean
Islands (including theDodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian
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the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean
Basin and the11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast
number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited). Eighty percent of Greece
consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest, at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilization of Ancient Greece, which began with the Aegean
Civilizations of the Bronze Age. Considered the cradle of all Western civilization, Greece is the
birthplace of democracy,
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Western philosophy,
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the Olympic Games, Western
literature and historiography, political science, major scientific
and mathematical principles,
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and Western drama,
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including both tragedy and comedy. The
cultural and technological achievements of Greece greatly influenced the world, with many aspects
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Greece is a democratic,
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developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a
high standard of living
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and a very high Human Development Index.
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Greece is a founding
member of the United Nations, a member of what is now the European Union since 1981 (and
the eurozone since 2001
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), and is also a member of numerous other international institutions,
including the Council of Europe, NATO
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, OECD, OSCE and the WTO. Greece's economy is also
the largest in the Balkans, where Greece is an important regional investor