DIRECTIONAL COUNTER

Counters with directional detection are useful for counting of objects moving
along a predefined path. These may find application as visitor counters and also for
counting of objects in a given direction and ignoring those moving in the reverse
direction. Here we present a simple circuit that counts the number of persons or the
objects entering the premises ignoring those exiting or leaving it.
. The counter section consists of three IR L!s" three photodiode detectors.
The movement of objects including the direction of their movement is detected by
the arrangement of the IR L! and photodiode detector pairs. The photodiode of
each pair is mounted opposite to its corresponding IR L! fall directly on the
photodiode detector.
#hotodiodes !$ and !% in conjunction with comparators &$and &% from two
se'uential interruption detectors. The two outputs of the comparators are normally
low (at ground level). *hen any person or object interrupts the light path of the first
IR L!+photodiode pair" the output of comparator &$ goes high during the
interruption period to set !+type flip+flop IC%+," ma-ing its . output (pin$/) high.
The high output of IC%+,is fed to data input pin 0 of the second !+type flip+flop (IC%+
1) inside C!23$/.
&ow when the same person4object interrupts the second pair of IR L!%+
photodiode !% during its forward movement" the output of comparator &% goes high
for the duration of interruption. 5utput pin 6 of comparator &% is connected to the
cloc- input (pin/) of flip+flop IC%+1.so when comparator &% outputs a pulse on
detecting an object" it cloc-s the !+type flip+flop" transferring the high state f its data
pin0 to 5utput (pin$)" which is otherwise at low level.
This" in turn" ma-es the reset input (pin2) of IC &000 (IC/) high to ma-e it
active. &ow when the person4object moves further in forward direction" it interrupts
the third interruption+detector pair formed by IR L!/ photodiode !/.
The arrangement of photodiode !/ and its $+mega+ohm series resistor (R7) is
reversed compared to the previous two photodiodes connections. Thus" when
photodiode !/ is interrupted" the non+inverting input (pin $3) of comparator &/ goes
low to ma-e its output pin8 low and trigger the 9onostable multivibrator built around
IC/ (&000) to output a positive+going pulse.The output pulse of IC/ is used to
trigger decimal counter4display driver IC 23// (IC2).
,nother IC 23// (IC0) is cascaded with IC 2 to get the maximum count of
:;;<. The count (pin 0) of IC2 is used to trigger IC0. Thus up to ;; persons4objects
moving is forward direction so as to se'uentially interrupt the three IR L!+
photodiode pairs will cause the dual 6+segment display to show the corresponding
count on the display.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
IR !etector
$
IR !etector
%
IR !etector
/
Comparator $
Comparator %
Comparator /
IR L! $
IR L! %
IR L! /
! =lip flop
9onostable
C95> Counter
!ual seven segment display
#ower supply to all sections
>tep
down
T4=
1ridge
Rectifier
=ilter
Circuit
Regulator
Advantages:
Highly sensitive
Low cost and reliable circuit
Directional counting
Can count up to 99 digits
Error free counting with Monostable triggering
Applications:
Battle filling industries
Museums
Visitors counting
Cinema theaters
hopping malls