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COMPOSITES DESIGN WORKSHOP II

MIC-MAC TOOL
Pranav Dhoj Shah, PhD
SESSION B: JANUARY 8, 2010
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
STRENGTH RATIO R:
- Gives a measure of the strength of a laminate
- Reciprocal of the failure index k
- We have R/FPF and R/LPF (Ultimate)

FPF
LPF (Ultimate)
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ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
HOWIS THE VALUE OF R REPORTED IN MIC-MAC?
First we will talk about the strength ratio, R, on the onset of first ply failure:
R/FPF.
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A []
50S
Im6/epoxy [Eng] laminate is subjected to load as {N}={1, 2, 0}k/in. [Example taken
from book Strength and Life of Composites].
Find the optimum helical angle in terms of the strength. Use Mic-Mac in-plane with
range from 0
o
-90
o
.
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TO DETERMINE THE STREGNTH OF A LAMINATE:
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
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TO DETERMINE FAIL SAFE LOAD (SCALABLE WITH R):
a) In-plane loads
Application: Mic-Mac /Inplane
Material: Im6/ep [SI]
Laminate: [0/90]10
s
Load applied: {N}={1, 0, 0}MN/m
Observation: If we halve {N}, will strength ratio be twice of the original value?
If we multiply {N} with the obtained R, what will happen?
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
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TO DETERMINE FAIL SAFE LOAD (SCALABLE WITH R):
b) Bending loads
Exercise:
Application: Mic-Mac /Flex
Material: Im6/ep[SI]
Laminate: [0]
50s
Moment applied: {M}={1, 0, 0}MN
Observation: If we halve {M}, will strength ratio be twice of the original value?
If we multiply {M} with the obtained R, what will happen?
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
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DOES FAILSAFE THICKNESS VARY LINEARLY WITH R?
a) In-plane loads (Yes)
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
Application: Mic-Mac /Inplane
Material: Im6/ep [SI]
Laminate: [0/90]
rs
Load applied: {N}={1, 0, 0}MN/m
Observation: Change repeat r from 1 to 10 , thus increasing the thickness of
the laminate.
Plot effect of r on R/FPF using Chart-Quick.
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DOES FAILSAFE THICKNESS VARY LINEARLY WITH R?
a) Bending loads (No)
Exercise:
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
Application: Mic-Mac /Flex
Material: Im6/ep [SI]
Laminate: [0/90]r
s
Moment applied: {M}={1, 0, 0} MN
Observation: Change repeat r from 1 to 10 , thus increasing the thickness of
the laminate.
Plot effect of r on R/FPF using Chart-Quick.
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HAS HOMOGENIZATION ANY EFFECT ON THE VALUE OF R?
a) In-plane loads (No)
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
Application: Mic-Mac /Inplane
Material: T300/N5208 [Eng]
Laminate: [0
10/r
/90
10/r
]
rs
Load applied: {N}={1, 1, 0}kips/inch
Observation: Change repeat r from 1 to 10 , such that the laminate definition
will be from [0
10
/90
10
]
s
to [0
1
/90
1
]
s
. This way, the total thickness
of the laminate will remain the same but the degree of
homogenization will change.
Plot the effect on R/FPF.
Non-homogenized Homogenized
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HAS HOMOGENIZATION ANY EFFECT ON THE VALUE OF R?
b) Bending loads (Yes)
Exercise:
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
Application: Mic-Mac /Flex
Material: T300/N5208 [Eng]
Laminate: [0
10/r
/90
10/r
]
rs
Load applied: {M}={1, 0, 0}kips
Observation: Change repeat r from 1 to 10 , such that the laminate definition
will be from [0
10
/90
10
]
s
to [0
1
/90
1
]
s
. This way, the total thickness
of the laminate will remain the same but the degree of
homogenization will change.
Plot the effect on R/FPF.
What will happen if load definition is set as {M} = {1,1,0}.
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Note:
ABOUT STRENGTH RATIO R
Effectofvariousfactorssuchasthevaluesoftheflexuralstiffnessmatrix,flexuralstrains

f
andthusstress
f
developedateachplywhicharedependentonthepositionofthe
plyaffecttheresult.
Suchobservationsarenotalwaysobviousanditisagoodideatogetthehelpof
calculators,suchasMicMac,togettheresults.
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Generally, Mic-Mac applications use simultaneous degradation scheme.
FPF and LPF
OnonsetofFirstPly
Failure,allpliesare
degradedatonce
(simultaneous
degradation)
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Material properties and strength degradation to obtain R/LPF
FPF and LPF
Refer to the book,
Section 7 and 9 for
further information.
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FPF and LPF
How is the degradation factor Em* determined?
Estimation using Mic-Mac.
Observe the effect of Em* on R/LPF.
Take [0/90]s under {N}={1,0,0}and determine Em* for material Im6/ep [Eng]
Change Em* from0.01 to 1.
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FPF and LPF
EXERCISE
Plot FPF and LPF Strength ratios for [0/]
s
as changes from 0 to 90. The
laminate is subjected to {N}={1,0,0}MN/m
Use:
- Application: Mic-Mac/ Inplane
- Material: Im6/epoxy [SI]
- Laminate: [0/]
s
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HOMEWORK 2.1 (Due on January 11, 2010)
Compare strength ratio in FPF for []
s
as changes from 0 to 90 for Im6/ep
and E-glass/ep laminates. Both laminates are subjected to uniaxial tension,
N ={1,0,0}MN/m
Use:
- Application: Mic-Mac/ Duplex
- Materials: Im6/epoxy [SI], E-Glass/epoxy [SI]
- Laminate: []
s
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HOMEWORK 2.2 (Due on January 11, 2010)
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Solve the homework problems from session 1 using MicMac.
Hint:
For Problem 3, use MicMac/Inplane and note the signs of shear strains (cell F14).
For Problem 4, use MicMac/Duplex and set laminate 1 with ply as [0]s and laminate 2
with ply as [90]s. Define N= {1,0,0} for each laminate and compare the values of
transverse strains for them (Cells E11 and E15).