Distribution Transformers

Reference Standard: IS 1180 --1989

Types of Distribution Transformers
a) Non-Sealed type
b) Sealed type

1
 Non-Sealed type Distribution
Transformers
Reference Standard
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
This standard specifies the requirements
and tests for oil immersed 3-Φ Non-
Sealed type Distribution Transformers
of ratings up to and including 100KVA
and voltage class up to and including
11KV

2
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
This standard covers
 Ratings
 No load voltage ratios
 Winding connections and vectors
 Tapping ranges
 Fittings
 Terminal arrangement
 Losses and Impedance values
 Tolerances

3
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
Rating :
 KVA Rating – 16, 25, 63 and 100

 Frequency – 50Hz

 System Voltage – 3.3, 6.6 and 11KV

 Secondary Voltage – 433 and 250

4
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
 Tapping

Up to and
Above 25 KVA
Including 25 KVA
Winding
Secondary Primary
tapped
Number of
2 5
tappings
±2.5% and
Tappings at +5%
±5%

5
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
Fittings
 Oil level indicator

 Lifting lugs

 Breather

 Drain cum sampling valve

 Rating and terminal marking plates

6
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989

Clearances in mm

H.V Side L.V Side

Phase to
255 75
phase

Phase to
140 40
earth

7
 IS 1180 (Part 1) : 1989
 Limitsof temperature rise :
Winding 55°C
Top oil 45°C
 Losses and Impedance values

Load loss (W)

Rating (KVA) No load loss (W)
at 75°C
16 80 475
25 100 685
63 180 1235
100 260 1760
8
 Tests
 Measurement of winding resistance
 Measurement Voltage ratio and
check of voltage vector relationship
 Measurement of impedance voltage,
short circuit impedance and load loss
 Measurement of no-load loss and
current
 Measurement of insulation resistance

9
 Tests
 SSVW test
 IOVW test

 Lightning impulse test

 Temperature rise test

 SC test

 Air pressure test (35KPa 30min)

10
 Permissible flux density and
overfluxing
B – 1.69 Tesla
max

 Noload current in terms of %of full

load current
At 100% rated At 112.5%
KVA Rating
voltage rated voltage
16 4 8
25 3.5 7
63 3 6
100 2.5 5 11
 Mounting arrangements
 The under-base of all the
transformers shall be provided with
two 75x40mm channels 460mm
long.

415mm

415±2mm
12
 Sealed type Distribution
Transformers
Reference Standard
 IS 1180 (Part 2) : 1989
 This standard specifies the
requirements and tests for oil
immersed 3-Φ Sealed type
Distribution Transformers of ratings
up to and including 100KVA and
voltage class up to and including
11KV

13
 IS 1180 (Part 2) : 1989

 No Taps
 No conservator

 Air pressure test is to be conducted

at 80KPa for 30minutes.

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 IS 1180 (Part 2) : 1989
Clearances in mm

H.V Side L.V Side

Internal external Internal external

Phase to
127 255 45 75
phase

Phase to
76 140 20 40
earth
15
 Power Transformers
Reference Standards
 IS 2026 Part I 1977– General
 IS 2026 Part II 1977– Temperature Rise
 IS 2026 Part III 1981– Insulation Levels
and Dielectric Tests
 IS 2026 Part IV 1977– Terminal markings,
Tappings and Connections
 IS 2026 Part V 1994– Transformer/
Reactor Bushings- Minimum external
clearance in air
16
 IS 2026 Part I
This standard covers
 Service conditions
 Rating
 Requirements to withstand Short Circuit
 Dimensions of Neutral Connection
 Tolerances
 Rating plates
 Fittings
 Tests

17
 Rating
 Rated KVA
 Operation at other than rated
voltage: The transformer can be
operated at its rated KVA at any
voltage with in ±10%
 Rated frequency: 50Hz ± 1.5

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 TOLERANCES
Item Tolerances
Total Losses +10%
Component Losses +15%
Voltage ratio ±0.5%
Impedance Voltage ±10%
No-load current +30

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 TESTS
 Measurement of winding resistance
 Measurement Voltage ratio and
check of voltage vector relationship
 Measurement of impedance voltage,
short circuit impedance and load loss
 Measurement of no-load loss and
current
 Measurement of insulation resistance

20
 TESTS
 Dielectric tests
 Temperature rise
 Measurement of Zero Sequence impedance of
three phase transformers
 Short-circuit test
 Measurement of acoustic Noise level
 Measurement of harmonics of no-load currents
 Measurement of power taken by fans and oil
pumps

21
 IS 2026 Part II
 This standard covers temperature
rise requirements of Power
Transformers
 Identification according to cooling
methods. Ex. ONAN,OFAF
 Limits of temperature rise

 Procedure for temperature rise test.

22
 Temperature rise limits for Oil
Immersed Type Transformers
Part Temp. Rise in °C
Winding 55 ONAF 60 ONWF
Oil 50 (with conservator)
45 (without conservator)
Core, Should not damage core
Metallic parts itself

23
 IS 2026 Part III
This standard specifies the requirements
relating to insulation levels and
Dielectric tests for Power Transformers
Insulation requirements
Dielectric withstand tests i.e
a) Short duration power frequency
withstand voltage test
b) Lightning impulse withstand voltage test
c) Induced Over voltage withstand Test
24
 Short duration power frequency
withstand voltage
Voltage power frequency Lightning impulse
class withstand voltage (KV) withstand voltage (KV)
1.1 3 --
3.6 10 20
7.2 20 40
12 28 60
17.5 38 75
24 50 95
36 70 145
52 95 250
72.5 140 325 25
 IS 2026 Part IV
 This standard covers Terminal
markings, Tappings and Connections
for power transformers
 Identifying Terminal and tapping
markings
a) Character
b) End points of phase winding
c) Line and Neutral terminals
d) Marking of Tappings
26
 Connections
 Connections of phase windings
 Phase displacement between
windings

27
 IS 2026 Part V
 This standard specifies clearances in
air between live parts of bushings on
oil immersed power transformer and
to object at earth potential.

28
 Bushing clearance
Voltage class (KV) Minimum clearance
(mm)
< 1.1 --
3.6 --
7.2 60
12 90
17.5 125
24 170
36 275
52 450
72.5 630 29