1

2
alh Times 3
Adhn & Iqmah 6
Shurt of alh 13
Arkn of alh 16
Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18
Makrh Acts of alh 24
Mubh Acts of alh 25
Difference between Men and Women in alh 26
altl-Musfir 27
Nullifiers of alh 30
Acts that Allow Departure fromalh 31
Sujdl-Sahw 32
Praying in Congregation 33
The Masjid 38
altl-Nfilah 39
altl-Jumuah 45
Other Congregational alh 47
Content
2
alh Times 3
Adhn & Iqmah 6
Shurt of alh 13
Arkn of alh 16
Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18
Makrh Acts of alh 24
Mubh Acts of alh 25
Difference between Men and Women in alh 26
altl-Musfir 27
Nullifiers of alh 30
Acts that Allow Departure fromalh 31
Sujdl-Sahw 32
Praying in Congregation 33
The Masjid 38
altl-Nfilah 39
altl-Jumuah 45
Other Congregational alh 47
Content
2
alh Times 3
Adhn & Iqmah 6
Shurt of alh 13
Arkn of alh 16
Arkn, Wjibt & Sunan of alh 18
Makrh Acts of alh 24
Mubh Acts of alh 25
Difference between Men and Women in alh 26
altl-Musfir 27
Nullifiers of alh 30
Acts that Allow Departure fromalh 31
Sujdl-Sahw 32
Praying in Congregation 33
The Masjid 38
altl-Nfilah 39
altl-Jumuah 45
Other Congregational alh 47
Content
3
Start End
Fajr True dawn (al-Fajrl-diq)
Once twilight becomes visible lengthways
across the sky, connected to the horizon
H. Bukhri Prophet S.A.W. gesturing
the way true dawn appears, as
explained by Al-Zuhri:
Spread left and right horizontally
Appears in the high sky
Lower down is not the real dawn
Not the false/first dawn (al-Fajrl-Kdhib)
A short time where a small amount of
light appears directly overheadbefore
the true dawn
Sunrise (ul al-Shams)
uhr Sun starts to decline to the West post its
zenith (zawl/midday)
Al-Isra, 78 from the time the sun is
past its zenith
Mlik, Amad, Shfi
Once the shadow of each object is the
same as its length + length at zenith
Abu anfah
Once the shadow of each object is twice
the length of the original object + length
at zenith
H. Bukhri Delaying of uhr when the
heat becomes intense
Ar Just after uhr Before the sun has set (the disk of the
sun disappear from the horizon)
H. Bukhri a rakah of the Ar
prayer befor the sun sets
When the sun becomes bright and
yellow
H. Muslimtime for Ar continues as
long as the sun has not become
bright
* Valid but makrh to pray this late
alh Times
Key adth: adth of Jibril, adth of Jbir ibn Abdullah
4
Start End
Maghrib Once the sun has set and the disk
disappears on the horizon
Majority (Anf, anbilah, most
apparent from the Shawfi, old opinion
of Shfi)
Until twilight remains in the sky
H. Muslim
The time for Maghrib continues as
long as the twilight has not
disappeared
Twilight is
anbilah, Shfiyyah
(and now anafi madhhab as well)
Redness in the sky
(from statement of Ibn Umar R.A.)
Abu anfah
Whiteness that remains on the
horizon after the redness until
darkness fall
Isha Majority
Once redness and twilight has
disappeared from the sky
Majority
Just before the break of true dawn
Based on statement of Ibn Umar +
general rule that one prayer must start
at the end of the next prayer
(except for Fajr)
H. Muslim
Negligence is when one doesnt pray
a prayer until the time of the next
prayer comes
Witr After Isha Just before the break of dawn
Concencus
Best time is to pray
straight after sunset
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Length of Maghrib
Mlik, new position of Shfi
Time it takes to
make wuu,
put some clothes on,
do the adhn and iqmah, and
pray 5 rakah
(Based on their understanding of
hadth of Jibril)
Preferred time
Until a third or half of the night
(night starting from Maghrib to Fajr)
H. Tirmidhi
I would have ordered them to
delay their Isha until a third of the
night or half
5
anafi Mliki Shfi anbali
Fajr Delayed
Prayed once the sky has started to
become brighter and lighter
Why?
H. Tirmidhi
Pray Fajr when it becomes
brighter*, for it is greater in
reward
*Shfi, Amad, Isq said
isfr in the hadith doesnt
mean brighten, shine, and
delayed, but a bit lighter and
clearer that Fajr has actually
started
Fromthe aql: more people
attend a later jamah
more reward
From the aql: less time to wait
until sunrise more people
can pray 2 rakah after sunrise
(Ishrq) huge reward
Earliest time
Gain
pleasure of
Allh
H. Bukhri
alh at its
appointed
time = Deed
most
beloved to
Allah
H. Tirmidhi,
Draqutni
Beginning
= pleasure
of Allh
Middle =
mercy of
Allh
End =
pardon of
Allh
* Both
narrations
are weak in
the Nasb
May delay
prayer if it
means one
will catch
the
congregation
Earliest time
Except uhr
during
intense heat
Earliest time
Except
Isha
uhr
during
intense
heat
Maghrib if
it is
cloudy
uhr Delayed
Until it gets cooler in the hot
countries
Hasten
In autumn and winter
Ar Delayed
More nawfil can be done before
it (makrh to pray after Ar)
Maghrib Early
A brief time to sit or 3 verses
length between the adhn and
iqmah
Isha Delayed
Until the a third of the night has
passed
Witr Delayed
Until the end of the night
Preferred alh Times for the Madhhib
6
Linguistic:
Root word: adhdhana
Proclaim something publicly (with force), to make people
know something
Additional adhn (not for prayer time itself)
Before Fajr adhn
After uhr adhn for Jumuah prayer
(from the time of Uthman R.A., since the number of
people in Madinah was growing)
Technical:
Act of worship for Allah with specific dhikr
After the entering of the time for a prayer
Informing of it
Sunnah to do it loudly even when there is no one else
H. Bukhri
Human, jinn, other creatures will bear witness on the Day of
Resurrection
Makkah
Small number, could make jamah without any call
Madinah, 1
st
year
Masjidl-Nabi was built to offer alh regularly
Madinah, 2
nd
year
Increased number of Muslims
Called out Al-altl-Jmiah, but only those who heard the
call came need another way to inform people
Blow horn Jews
Ring bells Christians
Kindle a fire Fire-worshippers
Prophet S.A.W. disagreed
The words of adhn
from Abdullah ibn Zayd R.A.s dream
recognized by Prophets S.A.W. as true
called out by Bill R.A.
confirmed by Umar R.A.s dream
dhn
History
of the
dhn
7
Great rewards
H. Bukhri
People would draw lots to give adhn or be in the first row
Witnessed by all creatures
H. Bukhri
Human, jinn, other creatures will bear witness on the
Day of Resurrection
Prophet S.A.W. dua
H. Abu Dwd, Al-Na
Guide the Imm and forgive the Muadhdhins
Muadhdhinn = Tallest Necks
H. Muslim
Salaf and Khalaf differed over the meaning of this:
Higher, thus safe from drowing
(people will be sweating so much)
Craning their necks to look at their huge rewards
(spread so far)
Metaphor for being leaders and best of mankind
(long neck is a sign of honour and respect)
Satan will run away
H. Muslim
Satan runs and passes wind with noise in order not to
hear the adhn
Shfis, Hanbilah
Muadhdhin
Al-Fuilat, 33
Who speaks better than
someone who calls people
to Allah
* Some consider this to
refer to the muadhdhin
Hanafis
Immah and Iqmah
Prophet S.A.W. and his
Khulaf R.A. succeed each
other in the prayer, not the
adhn
Nevertheless, the rewards for Muadhdhin is HUGE
Ibn Masud
Wouldnt care to do Hajj, Umrah, or Jihad
if he had been a Muadhdhin
Umar Al-Khaab
Would be a Muadhdhin if it wasnt for the Khilfah
Virtue of
the
dhn
Imm vs
Muadhdhin:
Who is
better?
8
Opinion Adhn Iqmah
Womens
Congregation
Mlikiyyah, Shfiyyah
No.
May cause fitnah.
Sunnah to be
said silently.
anafiyyah No.
anbilah Not legislated.
Individual
Prayer
Shafis position,
emphasized by anafiyyah
Recommended.
Mlikiyyah No. Recommended.
anbalis position Far kifyah.
Missed Prayer
Shafis opinion, emphasized
by anafiyyah
Recommended.
Mlikiyyah
No.
Adhn is to notify the
time, which has
already passed.
Recommended.
anbalis position Far kifyah.
Majority
Sunnah Muakkadah (established sunnah)
to be performed in Masjid for 5 daily prayers
and Jumuah only
anabilah, Ibn Taymiyyah
Far Kifyah (communal obligation)
Ibn azm
Condition for a prayer
Evidences of the obligation of adhn
H. Bukhri
When it is the time for the prayer one of you should
pronounce the adhn...
H. Amad
adhn is not given shaytan has overpowered them
H. Al-Tirmidhi
Soldiers must not attack where Masjid can be found and
adhn is heard
Ruling of
the dhn
9
Given at the start of the actual alh time
In Arabic
1
2
Performed by a male Muslim 3
Loud enough for people to hear (or oneself in iqmah)
Maintain order of statements
4
5
Performed by one individual in its entirety
6
Shurt of the Adhn
10
Allhu akbar, Allhu akbar (2x)
Ash-hadu all ilha illAllh (2x)
Ash-hadu anna Muammadar-raslullh (2x)
Hayya alal-alh (2x)
Hayya alal-fal (2x)
Allhu akbar, Allhu akbar
L ilha illAllh
Words of dhn
Adhn of the Kfyn (i.e. Al-Thawri, Abu anfah) 15-
word version
Mliki
19 - word version
Saying the Shahdatain
quietly to oneself before
saying out loud.
Al-alatu khayrun minan nawm(2x)
all f rilikum
Adhn of the Fajr alh
Mlik, Shafi , Amad
2 adhn
before the start of Fajr
upon the start of Fajr
During the time of Prophet S.A.W.
1
st
adhn: Bill
2
nd
adhn: Abdullh Ibn Umm
Maktum
Abu anfah
1 adhn
upon the start of Fajr
Ahll-Hadith
If there are 2 muadhdhin: 2 adhn
(one adhn by each muadhdhin)
Only if the people are used to it and it
does not disturb them
During adverse weather that could harm the
muallin Pray at home
Said after Hayya alal-fal except for Fajr
adhn, where it should be said at the end
(clearer)
Said after Hayya alal-fal
If there is 2 adhn:
During the 1
st
adhn (Telling people to wake up)
If there is 1 adhn:
Majority + 4 imms: Still included
Minority: Not included as the adhn is not meant to wake people up
Additional Words
11
The Muadhdhin
The People
The Act of Calling
In the state of purity
Stand
1
2
Call from elevated area
Face Qiblah
3
4
Raise voice loudly
5
Insert the index fingers into the
ears
6
Turn the face right and left upon
saying the ayalatayn
7
Right at the beginning of alah
time
Slow down
8
9
Follow rules of Tajwd
Call the Iqmah
10
1
No foreign speech
11
Should not demand payment 2
Those in the Masjid should not
leave after the adhn
3
Respond to the adhn 1
Iqamah quick
Saying Alhamdulillah after sneezing?
Some say OK as long as done quietly
(part of dhikr)
Safer position: Say after the adhn
Responding to Taslm?
Raise hand/finger (similar to in
alh) and respond later
But can accept payment
Sunnah to respond to muadhin i.e.
real person, not a recording etc. (but
OK to respond = dhikr)
Good adab not to speak during the
adhn (listen and respond)
No prohibition to start praying during
the adhn
How to respond to the adhn?
Repeat the exact same words
At the Hayalatayn, one sometimes
respond with the Hawqalah: L hawla
wa l quwwata ill billh
During the Shahdatayn, sins can be
forgiven (a Muslim) by saying
Ash-hadu all ilha illAllh, wadahu l
sharka lah, wa anna Muammadan
abduhu wa rasluh, ratu billahi rabb,
wa bi Muammadir-rasl,
wa bil-Islmi dn
Recite dua after adhn 2
Avoid being disrespectful or
causing fitnah (confusing people)
* Not conditions of the Adhn
Etiquettes of the Adhn
12
A call to stand up
to establish the actual alh
When to stand up?
Upon seeing the Imm entering the prayer area to
performthe alh.
Unanimous agreement
Repeat statements of adhn
Include Qad qmati-alh after saying Hayya
alal-fal
How many repetitions?
Shfi, Amad (top)
Once each, except for Qad qmati-alh (repeated twice)
11-word iqmah
Mlik
Once each
Abu anfah
Twice for all (like the adhn), including for Qad qmati-
alh (repeated twice)
17-word iqmah
Responding to the iqmah?
No evidence except the one that ask to respond to the
Muadhdhin.
Dua after the iqmah?
No evidence for this (only for adhn).
Iqmah
Words of
the
Iqmah
13
Performed after the time has started
Purification from minor/major ritual impurities
1
2
Removal of physical impurities from the body and the place of worship 3
Linguistic:
Plural of Shar (the sign, the indicator)
Technical:
Evident and constant attribute
Absence necessitates the absence of the action
Presence does not automatically bring about its object
Separate from the essence of the act itself
Islam
Puberty
Sound mind
Purity (for remale)
Required and acquired to validate alh
Prior to establishment of alh
Not part of alh
Covering the Awrah
Facing the direction of the Qiblah
4
5
Al-Niyyah
6
*
* See further explanation
*
*
Continuation of the acts of alh without any long intermission
7
Avoiding any foreign speech (unrelated to alh)
8
Shur
of alh
Pre-requisites
for obligating
alh
Conditions for
validating alh
14
Covering the Awrah
Facing the direction of the Qiblah
4
5
Unanimous agreement:
Most preferable to fully dress up in best manner
Minimum for men:
Navel knees (majority) Navel thigh
Minimum for women:
Entire body except the face and the hands
Covering of the womens feet:
Abu anfah, Ibn Taymiyyah:
Not obligated in lah (treted as the hands), but ought to outside lah
(according to most preferable opinion in the madhhab)
Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad:
Obligated in and out of lah
Accidental exposure of Awrah:
Judging principle: shaiun fhish (something shocking)
based on uruf (cultural standard)
Depends on time (length of exposure) and size (area uncovered)
Explanation
Kabah is visible:
Unanimous agreement:
Obligated to face the Kabah itself
Kabah not visible:
Abu anfah, Mlik, Ahmad:
Sufficient to face the estimated direction
Shfi:
Obligated to face Qiblah exactly (by following someones knowledge or by
the best ijtihd possible
not supported in adith
Wrong direction?
Need to repeat if one is in a Muslim area but did not ask around
(unless if they had it wrong)
OK as long as one follows his/her best ijtihd
OK in nafl prayers while travelling
Conditions for
validating alh
15
Al-Niyyah 6
Explanation
Definition:
Acts of the heart
Concerning the actions of the Mukallaf (the accountable party)
Niyyah must match the action.
Change of niyyah:
Should be avoided
Permissible in certain situation, e.g., praying alone imm
Shafi allows imm and makmm to have different niyyah.
There is no evidence about the statement of niyyah that is uttered by the
tongue may become bidah if taken as part of alh
The last moment for niyyah is during the first Takbr; one should make it before
starting the prayer.
Conditions for
validating alh
16
Most important phrase:
att tamainna
Until you reach a state of al-umannah
What is al-umannah?
State of peace, relaxation
Not in a state of motion
The opening Takbr
Standing
1
2
Recitation of Qurn
Ruk
3
4
Sujd
5
Linguistic:
Plural of Rukn (strong corner where a structure is built)
Pillars / integrals / essentials
Technical:
Evident and constant attribute
Absence necessitates the absence of the ukm
Presence does not automatically bring about its object
Part of the essence of the acts itself
Remember to
inhale and
exhale!
Tashahhud (Final sitting)
6
Abu anfah considered the
above hadith as the only one
authentic enough to classify
an action as a rukn.
Others are classified as
obligations (make it easier for
people to pray)
Second Opinion
Arkn of
alh
HADITH of
the One who
Erred in His
Prayer
6 Arkn (Abu anfah)
14 Arkn
(Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad)
First Opinion
17
Qiym
Takbratul Ihrm
1
2
Recitation of Qurn (Al-Ftihah)
Ruk
3
4
Rising up from Ruk
5
Sujd
6
Coming up from Sujd
Sitting calmly between two Sajdah
7
8
Sitting during the last Tashahhud
Recitation of the last Tashahhud
9
10
Recitation of alawt Al-Ibrahimiyyah
11
Taslm
12
At-Tumannah
13
Maintaining the order of the Arkn
14
Second
Opinion
Also in the first opinion
14 Arkn
(Mlik, Shfi, Ahmad)
18
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
Placing a sutra in front
Marking the praying area ~1 foot
after the place of prostration
another person can walk in
front of the sutra
For individual prayer only. Sutra for
congregational prayer is the imm.
1. Qiym
Standing for those who
are able to
If unable sit on the
floor use chair lie
down
Sitting in nafl prayer is
permissible
Spreading between the feet in
standing position
2. TakbratulIhrm
Saying Allhu Akbar
Takbr in other
language/form?
Majority: No
Abu Hanfah: Allowed
Takbr in other
language (e.g. Persian)
as the intention is to
praise Allh. Can also
use implied meaning,
e.g., AllhKabr
Saying Takbr
between positions
Raising hands
Shafii, Ahmad
Opening Takbr
Before bowing
After rising from ruku
After finishing first Tashahhud
No. 2 and no. 3 are more relaxed
than the one for the opening
Takbr; No. 4 is closer to the
opening Takbr.
Abu Hanfah, Mlik
Opening Takbr only
Position of hands
Hadith varied
In line with the ears
In line with the shoulders
Top position:
Upper part of the hand in line with
the ears, lower part of the hands in
line with the shoulders
Arkn, Wjibt and Sunan Acts of alh
Hadith 3 that break the prayer:
donkey, black dog, women
Breaking of prayer may be interpreted as
decreasing the reward.
To be safe, repeat the prayer if one of the
above passes through a persons praying area
19
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
Position of fingers/palm
Fingers relaxed, not too close
together, but not spread out
Palm straight forward
Folding the right hand on the left
hand*
Abu Hanfah, Ahmad
Under the navel
Shafii
Below the chest
Ibn Khuzaymah
On the chest
Folding of the hands
Placing the right hand on top of
the left hand/arm; or
Clasping the wrist of the left
hand with the right hand; and
Not dropping the left hand
Mlik
hands by the sides (not folded)
action of tabiin before him
(e.g. Abdullah ibnZubayr)
Imam Mlik considered folding of
the hands not an important point
although the hadith is reported in
Muwatta Imam Mlik
Looking towards prostration spot
In ruk: Looking straight down
In tashahhud: Looking at the
finger
Commencing with the prescribed
dua
Dua Al-Iftitah: Various options
(in Hisnul-Muslim)
20
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
3. Recitation of the
Qurn
Majority
(exc. Abu Hanfah)
Reciting Al-Ftihah
Saying Basmalah (part of
Al-Ftihah) in Jahri alh
Abu Hanfah, Mlik,
Ahmad
Not out loud
Shafii
Out loud
Recitation of Al-Ftihah
by the mamm
Majority
No need in Jahri alh
(imm has recited).
Otherwise, yes.
Shafii, Ahmad
Reciting Al-Ftihah is
a must in every
rakaah
Abu Hanfah
Reciting Al-Ftihah
Tamn
Saying mn after finishing
Al-Ftihah
Abu Hanfah, Mlik
Pronounced silently
Shafii, Ahmad
Pronounced out loud when
recitation is done loudly
A short silence before and after
recitation of the Qurn
Reciting a Srah after Al-Ftihah
Prophet S.A.W. recited srah in
the first two rakaah but left it
most of the time in the third and
the fourth raka ah (allowed to
recite)
Length of srah
Fajr: Longest
Zuhr/Asr: Medium (1 or 2
pages)
Maghrib: Verses (~At-Tn)
Isha: Verses (~Al-Zalzalah)
Mininum: A verse
(but the context must be suitable)
In silent prayers (uhr/Asr),
mamm can recite on their own
Shafii: strongly encouraged
4. Ruk
Bowing down
straight back
straight legs
hands on knees,
relaxed
Reciting
Subnarabbiyal-am
1x
Completing it 3x
21
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
5. Rising up from ruk
Until standing straight as
before ruk
Reciting Sami
Allahulimanamidah,
followed by
(Allahumma) Rabban
(wa) lakal-amd
6. Sujd
Prostrating on 7 bones
forehead + nose (1)
Shafii: excluding nose
hands (2)
knees (2)
toes (2)
It is permissible for the
forehead not to touch the
ground if
the ground too
cold/hot or
no space for sajdah.
But intentionally avoiding
the forehead from
touching the ground is
impermissible.
Reciting
Subnarabbiyal-al
1x
Completing it 3x
Keeping feet together
Optimum
Feet together
Feet and toes pointing
towards Qiblah
Straight back
Hands approximately at Takbr
position
Fingers relaxed
7. Coming up from Sujd Sitting position
Iftirsh (sitting on left foot,
right foot propped up)
Irkia (sitting on heels)
8. Sitting calmly between
two Sajdah
Reciting dua
(Hanbali)
Rabbighfirl(3x)
Reciting dua (Majority)
Combination of narrations in Abu
Dwd, al-Tirmidhi, Hkim, Ibn
Mjah and others
Rabbighfirl,waramn, wafin,
wahdin, warzuqn, wajburn
Sitting down and
reciting the first
Tashahhud
22
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
Placing hands on
thighs during
Tashahhud
Pointing out the index
finger during
Tashahhud
Hadith: Prophet
S.A.W.s fingers
showing 53
Different opinions
Flat/closed hands
Index finger
moving/remain up
Top position: Index
finger pointing without
movement, from the
beginning to the end
9. Sitting during the last
Tashahhud
Sitting in Tawarruk
Sitting on the floor, tucking left
foot under the right shin
Different opinions
Mlik: Yes
Shafii: Yes, in all prayers
Ahmad: Yes, but only in last
Tashahhud of a prayer with
multiple Tashahhuds
(not in 2 rakaah prayers)
correct
Abu Hanfah: No tawarruk
10. Recitation in the last
Tashahhud
11. Recitation of alawt
al-Ibrahimiyyah
Recitation of prescribed dua
after the final Tashahhud
23
Rukn Wjib Sunnah
12. Taslm
Saying
Assalmualaikumat
the end
Turning the face* upon
pronouncing the final Salm
Turning only the head, showing
cheek
to the right only
to the right and then to the left
May include warahmatullh +
wabaraktuh
Optimum:
Saying Assalmualaikum
warahmatullh while turning to
the right, and then to the left
13. Tumannah
Being tranquil in every
rukn
Minimum
Legal: Enough time for
dhikr
Practical: Enough time
to inhale and exhale
14. Maintaining the
order of Arkn
24
Parts of db
Omitting the wjibt intentionally
Moving without excusable reason
When is it too much movement?
Shfi: 3 movements
If there is a need to move (e.g. ringing handphone)
Minimize movement
Keep to praying position as much as possible
1
2
Closing the eyes
Why is it makrh?
Not looking at prostration spot
Permissible if one cannot concentrate
3
Looking away from prostration spot
Praying while in need to go to the bathroom
Yawning Sign of disrespect
4
5
6
Spreading the forearms on the ground (in sujd)
7
Dressing untidily
Wearing clothes with distracing designs/images
Wearing tight clothes
8
9
10
Makrh acts
in alh
does not nullify alh
does not require sujd as-sahw as compensation
but take away from the reward of alh
25
Praying behind someone who is praying or sitting
Moving/taking action in order to remove imminent harm
1
2
Assisting the imm if he makes a mistake
Not mustahhab unless the mistake is so bad
Not to take over imms place
3
Responding to the salm by raising the hand
Responding to a caller by sign
4
5
permissible
not rewarded
not punished
After alh respond to the salm in person
Mubah acts in alh
26
Covering of awrah
Correcting imms mistake
1
2
Position of imm
3
Recitation
4
Men Women
Navel knees Entire body except
face and hands
Saying
ubnAllh
Clapping hands
(on the thighs)
In front of the line
Middle of the first row
Can be out loud
Not out loud (in case
men were present)
Manners of the alh
5
For example:
Men: Raise hands to the ears Women: Raised hands to the shoulders
Men: Spread hands out in sujd Women: Bring hands to the side
Men: None Women: Bring stomach close to thigh
Men: Sit on left foot, prop up right foot Women: Sit on heels
Hadith Bukhri: Pray as you have seen me pray.
No evidence supporting differences in the manners of the alh
But majority of the scholars (including the 4 imms) hold the opinion that women should
pray in a manner that befits a woman (in order to protect her physique).
?
Differences between
Men and Women
in alh
27
Qasr means to shorten the alh that are 4 rakaah
(uhr, Asr, Isha) to 2 rakaah
An-Nis, 101 no blame on you if you shorten the prayer if
you fear that those who disbelieve will cause you distresss
H. Bukhari & MuslimThose days are gone This is a charity
that Allh, the Exalted, has bestowed upon you, so accept His
charity.
Abu anifah Wjib
Mlik (top position) Highly recommended
Shfi , Amad Permissible concession
4 Imams
Distance of travelling 3 days
(on foot) or 3 nights and 2 days
(by camel)
approx. 81 km / 50 miles
Group of Salaf and Ahll-Hadith
As long as it is called safar or
travelling (according to uruf)
Ruling of Qar
Minimum distance to allow Qar
Very little
evidences
e.g. Umar R.A.
travelled from
Jeddah to Makkah
(about 80 km) and
shortened his
prayer
* Prophet S.A.W
never mentioned
the distance
Both opinions are
not free of criticism
Some abahs left Arab for 10 years
and shortened their prayers all the time
Less practical
Reasons to allow Qar
Hardship
Dependency
Distance
altl-
Musfir
Qar
(Shortening)
28
Pray full rakaah Undecided?
Follow the imm
(pray full rakaah)
Following
congregation at a
local Masjid?
Still pray the Nafl?
(Rawtib and
others regular
nawfil)
Shfi Yes
Saabah
No, except for Sunnatl-Fajr and Witr
After leaving the city limit
Not at home, not only after 81 km
Where does Qar
start?
Unanimous agreement
As long as one does not intend
residency
For how long?
Abu anfah
15 days +
Time period that
constitutes
residency?
Mlik, Shfi
4 days +
(excluding day of
arrival/leaving)
Amad
21 prayers +
Sh. Uthaymn, Salafi scholars,
Ahll-Hadth
No limit, as long as life is unstable
altl-
Musfir
Qar
(Shortening)
29
Jam means to combine uhr and Ar, Maghrb and Isha
Jamu Taqdm Earlier: at the time of uhr/Maghrb
Jamu Takhr Later: at the time of Ar/Isha
Mlik, Shfi, Amad Permissible (at best)
Not sunnah as some Muslims thought
Abu anfah Not legislated
He gave explanation for each situation where Prophet S.A.W.
combined the prayers (except for the Jamu Taqdm for uhr
and Ar, and the Jamu Takhr for Maghrb and Isha during
the Day of Arafah)
At-Tirmizi People of knowledge do not combine the prayers
unless they are ACTUALLY travelling
(does not take advantage of the concession)
Quran Perform the prayers at specified times
Excessive rain
For those who pray at the Masjid
Excessive fear
Sh. Uthaymn defined this as so much stress and anxiety that
one cannot focus, e.g., during war
Unique pressing need
e.g. Long surgery, exam, unexpected traffic
Hadith Prophet S.A.W. combined prayers in Madinah without
danger or rain didnt want hardship for his Ummah
Jam as-suri (anafis)
Delay the former alh prior to end of its time
Praying the latter alh at the beginning of its time
Possible to offer image
of combining salh?
Legal excuse ceased to
exist before the time
for the later alh?
No need to
repeat the
alh
Type of Combining
Ruling on Combining
Combining at other times
Travelling
by plane?
Best to adjust your travel
time
Pray at the airport
altl-
Musfir
Jam
(Combining)
30
Foreign speech
Eating / drinking
1
2
Continuous foreign acts 3
Deliberate exposure of Awrah
Losing state of purification
4
5
Permissible to correct the
imm with a few words
Getting in contact with najsah
Laughing
6
7
Hesitation in regard to intention 8
Omitting a rukn without returning back
Omitting a wjibah without excusable reason
9
10
Preceeding the imm
Arrival of water for someone who prays with Tayammum
11
12
Giving salam deliberately prior to reaching the end 13
Returning back to middle Tashahhud after standing up to the 3rd raka ah 14
With sounds
Follow the imms position, not his words
Cant see? Dont move to quickly
Cant see or hear? Make new jamaah or pray individually
OK according to some scholars; not OK according to the majority.
OK if dry (moisture is the transferring factor)
OK to carry a clean child put down if child has dirtied his/her pants
Not OK to carry najasah from the start of the prayer
Nullifiers of the alh
Or going back to any of the wjibt after one has missed it
Shfi: Makmm needs to correct imm
31
Rescuing someone in harm
Protecting property from possible theft
1
2
A woman tending the food on the stove 3
Urgent need for the bathroom
4
Answering the call of parents (in Nafl alh)
5
Acts that Allows
Departure fromalh
32
Cause No. 1: Forgetfulness
Prostration due to forgetfulness
Adding what is not fromalh 1
Example:
Reciting Ftihah in Tashahhud
Giving Salm before its time
Prolonging the sitting position
between two Sajdah (like sitting
for Tashahhud)
Adding extra rakaah
Omitting what is in the alh* 2
From the Wjibt
Example:
The first Tashahhud
Cause No. 2: Doubt
Unsure how many Rakaah
one has prayed
1
What to do?
Take the lower number
Do sujdl-sahw
Before or After Salm?
Bukhri
Complete the alh Taslm
Sujdl-sahw
Strongest opinion
After the taslm:
When you add something
When you have doubt, then
remember that youre OK
Before the taslm:
When you omit an obligation
When you have doubt and have to
build upon that doubt
Need to say Tashahhud again?
Mliki, anbali, Shfi No
anafi Yes
H. Abu Dwd
Prophet S.A.W. forgot,
made two sajdah,
said Tashahhud, and
uttered Taslm
Sujdl-Sahw
33
If someone who did his alh enters a Masjid, should he
join the congregational alh?
Yes. This will be counted as a nafl for him.
Except for Ar (no nafl after it).
Shfi Far kifyah
Abu anfah, Mlik Sunnah muakkadah
Amad Far ayn
Al-ahiri Rukn (far alh valid in Masjid only)
Men
Women
Pray at the Masjid
Pray at home
Unanimous
agreement
Ruling of congregational alh for men
Minimum 2 people (1 imm, 1 mamm)
One congregation in one Masjid
Shfi Should not repeat congregation in Masjid
Jbir Ibn Abdullah OK to repeat in mualla
Majority OK to repeat in Masjid
Hadith Prophet S.A.W. asking the
companions who will give charity to his brother
(join another companion in his prayer)
Congregation
Counted as praying in congregation if
Manage to join before salm (touch imm + takbr)
Rewarded as praying in congregation if
Intended to join but could not make it
(no need to rush be quick but calm)
Latecomers
Praying in
Congregation
34
Imm should
ensure that the
lines are straight
before he starts
the prayer
Female imm In all-female congregation?
Shfi, Amad A woman can lead
Abu anfah It is strictly abominable
Mlik It is invalid
Straight by the heels (not the toes)
Shoulder to shoulder
Sunnah for the feet to be touching (not obligatory)
Hadith that mentions ankle to ankle, shin to shin
What does it mean?
The emphasis is on lining straight,
not literally on the physiques
Lines in the congregation
Muslim
Sound mind
Male
Rules of the Imm
At the age of puberty
Abu anfah, Mlik, Amad (majority) Baligh
Shfi Age of recognition (7 to 9 onwards)
H. Bukhri
Amr ibn Salamah R.A. lead a
congregation when he was 7
Knowledge of the basic rulings of alh
Knowledge of how to read the Quran properly
Not necessarily a fi
Preferably one who is the most versed
* As long as the imm does not change the meaning of
his recitation, the prayer is valid
Praying in
Congregation
Imm and
Mamm
35
Imm leads while seated?
Permissible.
Mamm will pray standing if they are able to.
Abominable
acts in
leading the
alh
Imm is openly fsiq (disobedient)
or mubtadi (innovator)
Imm is disliked by the people
Imm prolongs the alh
(in general)
Imm prolongs any act of alh to let
latecomers join in
(this matter is differed over)
Imm and mamm of different madhhabs?
Permissible.
Imm has already performed his alh earlier?
Permissible.
Host or guest as Imm?
The host should be the imm
(unless if he let the guest lead).
Imm breaks his wu?
Imm should leave to renew his wu.
Another person will take his place and lead the prayer.
Importance of having knowledgeable person
behind the imm
* If none of the mamm could lead, the imm may signal
for them to wait, renew his his wu, and continue to
lead them.
Imm and
Mamm
36
1 male mammstand on the right side of imm
2 or more male mammstand behind imm
1 female mammstand directly behind imm
The congregational lines start with
Male adults; followed by
Male children; and
Female children; and
Female adults
If the women are praying in a separate area,
they may occupy the front rows
Position of the Mamm
By the actions, not the sounds
The back rows should follow the row in front of them if
unable to see the imm
Minimum = mamm can hear the imms voice
should delay a bit before moving to another act
to avoid preceding the imm in his action
Following the Imm
Shfi Ftihah + srah in silent prayer
Ftihah only in prayer done loud
Abu anfah Should not recite anything
in both kinds of prayer
Mlik, Amad, Should recite in silent prayer
Ahll-Hadith Should not recite in prayer done loud
Mamms Recitation
Imm and
Mamm
37
Walk with tranquility (no running)
Place and steady himself in line
Should not stand alone behind the lines
Starts with the opening Takbr
Do his moving Takbr
Follow the imm
Stand up after the imm gives his Taslm to make up the
missed rakah
Etiquettes of the latecomer
Example:
Imm is in his ruk
Mamm do the opening takbr stand takbr ruk
A rakah is counted if mamm manages to join the imm in
his ruk
Imm is still in ruk (not on the way up)
Mamm makes his ruk with umannah (not just by
bowing)
That rakah is considered his first.
He should make up the missed rakah as usual.
Making up the missed rakah
Example:
Joins the congregation during sajdah of the 2
nd
rakah
of Maghrib.
Stands up after imms Taslm to do his 2
nd
and then
his 3
rd
rak ah
Mamm
as a
latecomer
(Masbq)
38
Multipurpose masjid?
Grave in a masjid?
Menstruating women in Masjid?
Non-Muslim in Masjid?
Sale and trade in Masjid?
Serving food/drink in Masjid?
Sleeping in Masjid?
Decorating the Masjid?
Bringing young children to Masjid?
Allowed.
Built in residential area
Be cleaned and perfumed
H. Amad, Abu Dwud
Rules of the Masjid
In principle, not permissible.
One should avoid going to it. However, it is permissible to
pray in it as long as the grave is not in front of us in the
direction of qiblah.
4 imms Not permissible
Contemporary scholars
Permissible with conditions:
- She does not soil the Masjid with menstrual blood
- If there is no place for pure women to pray
leave to make space for them
Allowed.
Not allowed.
Allowed, but
should avoid.
Avoid excessiveness in decoration
one of the signs that Judgement Day is near
Disliked may disturbed the others
Etiquette
Make du a for
Going to the Masjid
Entering the Masjid
Leaving the Masjid
The
Masjid
39
altl-
Nfilah
(Supererogatory)
Significance
H. Ibn Mjah, Ibn Hibbn
The obligatory will be completed from the voluntary
Day or night?
Night prayers are better greater difficulty/sacrifice
At the masjid or at home?
The sunnah is to pray regular nafl at home
Praying while seated without any excuse?
Allowed, but the reward will be less
Individually or in congregation?
Individually, except for some congregational nafl prayer
e.g. Tarwh, Khusf & Kusf, Istisq, Khawf
Units?
In units of two
Shfi No units of 4
anafi Units of 4 is allowed
Performed during prohibited times?
No for the regular nafl prayers
Yes for certain situations
e.g. eclipse occurring just before uhr Kusf
40
What? When? How?
Al-Rawtib Most regular optional
prayers
Performed in
association with
obligatory alh
Before/after
obligatory
alh
10 Rakah H. Bukhri, Muslim
2 before uhr
2 after uhr
2 after Maghrib
2 after Isha
2 before Fajr
12 Rakah H. Muslim, Tirmidhi
Same as above except
4 before uhr (2 extra)
14 Rakah H. Muslim, Tirmidhi
Same as above except
4 after uhr (another 2 extra)
Al-Witr Single prayer (odd
number of rakah)
done after Isha alh
Considered wjib by
some
Hadith One who
does not do witr
not from us
Shouldnt leave it
even when travelling
After Isha
alh until
before Fajr
time
Sunnah to
make it the
last prayer of
the night
Rakah
1 infinity
Optimal: 3
Unit of prayer
2 + 2 + .... + 1
anafis Continuous, only 1
tashahhud
Qunt
Sunnah during the last unit
Sunnah to make short dua
Before or after ruk
In Arabic only
Position of hands in Qunt
anafis Recite Quran Takbr
Qunt while folding the
hands (like when reciting
Quran)
Shfiis Raise hands
Prophet S.A.W. sometimes did,
and sometimes didnt raise
hands.
altl-Nfilah
Qaa of Al-Rawtib?
No, unless one does it habitually.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pray Al-Rawtib in congregation?
No, should be done individually.
* Sunnah to do nafl alh at home
May mean
Not a
Muslim
Not
following
the way
of
Muslims
(majority)
Qaa of Witr? Yes.
Do Witr Sunnatl-Fajr Fajr alh
If no time to qaa during Fajr,
do it after Shurq
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pray other nafl alh after Witr?
Yes. Witr can be repeated afterwards.
41
What? When? How?
Al-u alh done during
forenoon time
H. Muslim 2 rakah of
u substitutes the
daily charities:
SubnAllh
L ilha illAllh
Allhu akbar
Enjoining good
Detaining evil
~20 min after
Fajr time ends
~20 min
before uhr
starts
Best at
forenoon (9
am onwards)
When young
camel moves
to shade
Rakah
2, 8, 12
Optimal: 8
Al-Shurq /
Ishrq
alh done after
sunrise
H. Tirmidhi
Fajr alh with Jamah
remain seated while
doing dhikr perform
2 rakah after sunrise:
Obtain reward of one
ajj and one Umrah
After sunrise Same as Al-u
Qiyml-Layl alh done anytime at
night, after Ish alh
Difference between
Qiyml-Layl and
Tahajjud
The latter is done after
awaking from sleep
Its virtues
Brings closer to Allh
Atones sin
Keeps body from
illness
Prevents sinful acts
H. Tirmidhi
A sign of goodness
H. Tirmidhi, H. Bukhri
After Isha
alh until
before Fajr
time
Best done at
second half of
the night
H. Abu Dawd
Best done
after awaking
from sleep
H. Muslim
Most virtuous
after the
obligatory
alh
Lengthy standing > lengthy sajdah
H. Bukhari Prophet S.A.W.
prayed until his feet were swollen Help each
other to do
qiym
H. Abu
Dawd
Man wakes
up wife and
pray
together
- - - - - - -
Be sincere
H. Amad
Some get
nothing out
of their
night
worship
Hard to wake up?
H. Bukhari Satan tied 3 knots.
Can be untied by
Citing Allh name
Making ablution
Offer a prayer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pray while holding Quran?
Allowed by some scholars. Best
to recite from memory.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-arabic dua in sujd?
Permissible if dont know
Arabic dua (only in nafl alh)
42
What? When? How?
Taiyyatl-
Masjid
alh done upon
entering to stay in a
Masjid
Pray 2 rakah after entering the
Masjid, before sitting down
H. Bukhari
* Can be combined with other nafl
Al-Istikhrah alh done to pray for
guidance + blessing of
a decision
Anytime For any and every matter
(except for the obvious)
Consider the pros and cons
Make decision
Pray 2 rakah nafl
Supplicate with dua al-
istikhrah
May be repeated as many times
as one likes
Al-Wu alh done after one
has made the ablution
H. Bukhri, Muslim
Bilal R.A.s footsteps in
Jannah he prayed 2
rakah nafl each time
after doing wu
Anytime Pray 2 rakah nafl immediately
after doing wu (without
doing/saying anything in between)
* Can be combined with other nafl
Al-Tawbah alh done to seek
forgiveness from Allh
Anytime H. Abu Dawd, Al-Nas
If one has sinned
Perform ablution
Pray 2 rakah nafl
Seek forgiveness from Allh
Adhn has been called?
Pray al-rawtib = taiyyatl-masjid
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Iqmah has been called or
Jamah has already been established?
Join the Jamah = taiyyatl-masjid
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Enter Masjid during prohibited time?
Shfi Can pray taiyyatl-masjid
Otherwise, stand until adhn and pray al-
rawtib
Khab is already giving the
Jumuah khubah?
Pray 2 rakah (only)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Taiyyah for the Masjidl-
Harm?
Both 2 rakah alh and awf
Do 2 rakah alh before
sitting, then awf
Do awf first, then Nafl
prayer for the awf
Misconception:
altl-istikhrah is the key to deciding
matters. One then waits for signs (e.g. dream)
to do or not to do. WRONG!
Some issues
Hadith that support this is probably weak
Not seen in tawbah of Prophet S.A.W. or abah
43
What? When? How?
Al-jah alh done when one
has a need for
something
Anytime H. Tirmidhi, Ibn Mjah
If one has a need
Perform ablution
Pray 2 rakah nafl
Praise Allh
Send blessings on Prophet
S.A.W.
Recite dua
Al-Tasbih alh done with the
recitation of a specified
dhikr that will bring
great rewards
Every Jumuah
or
Once/month
or
Once/year
or
Once/ lifetime
H. Abu Dawd, Ibn Mjah, Ibn
Khuzaymah (a Albn)
4 rakah
In each rakah, say SubnAllh,
wal-hamdulillh, wa l ilha
illAllh, wAllhu akbar
15x after reciting srah
10x in the ruk
10x after standing up from
ruk
10x in the first sajdah
10x in between the two sajdah
10x in the second sajdah
10x after the second sajdah,
before coming up for the next
rakah
Total = 75 x 4 = 300 dhikr
Al-Awwabn Abu Hurayrah (i)
altl-u
Ammar ibn Ysir
(H. A-abarni)
6 rakah after
Maghrib
(anafis follow this)
Abdullah Ibnl-
Mubrak
A prayer between
evening and late
night (Maghrib and
Isha)
Forenoon or
between
Maghrib and
Isha
(according to
ones position)
Some issues
Hadth that support this is weak
No evidence for doing it in congregation
Ibn Qayyim
How to
spot a
potentially
weak
hadth?
Crazy
reward
Bias
Large /
exact
number
Some issues
Hadth that support this is controversial
50-50 support/oppose
Different opinions at the same period
of time (rare)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
In doubt?
Dont do.
But cant say its bidah either (50-50).
44
What? When? How?
Al-Mulaq alh that is absolute
and unrestricted
Ghayr muakkad
(less emphasized)
Anytime 4 rakah before Ar
2 rakah before Maghrib
Between adhn and iqmah
In the 3 masjid (Makkah,
Madnah, Jerusalem)
During time of distress
Any time, day or night
45
H. Muslim
Friday is the best of days
Adam was created
Adam was granted entry to and
was removed from Paradise
Day of Resurrection
Virtue
Obligatory for men
Not obligatory for
travelers (but avoid
travelling on Jumuah)
children
women
H. Muslim
Should not leave out Friday
prayer Seal over their heart,
fall into severe negligence
Should adjust
working/schooling time
Some scholars If the Masjid is
very far away and the Muslim
community is small, it is no
longer an obligation
If Eed falls on a Friday
Imam Amad
No Jumuah prayer uhr
Ruling
Done in uhr time
Done Jumuah
no need to do uhr
Missed Jumuah
need to do uhr
HOWEVER
No combining with Ar
Jumu ah uhr
Minimum number
Amad, Shfi
40 individuals
(Athar from Jbir ibn
Abdillahweak)
Ahll-Hadith
2 individuals
Abu anfah
3 individuals
(Command in Quran
is plural)
STRONGEST
Masjid
In principle, yes
(bring community to
the main masjid)
Pre-requisite
HOW
Adhn for uhr

2 rakah nafl

Imm arrives,
gives Salm

2
nd
adhn

2 Khubah

Iqmah

2 rakah altl-
jumuah
Congregational
Prayer:
altl-
Jumuah
46
Performed by the imm
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
A khubah should be short, containing
Praise to Allah
alawt upon Prophet S.A.W.
Quranic verses/Hadth
Reminder to the people
Dua
(but no evidence in making the 2
nd
khubah dua only)
Sh. Uthaymn, Abu anfah
Allowed in languages other than Arabic
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ruling of the khubah
Obligatory to listen forbidden to speak during it
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
One who misses the Khubah
alh is valid. But it is a sin if done intentionally.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Halaqah before Jumu ah alh?
No takes away focus from Khubah
2 rakah
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Recitation
Out loud
Choice of srah: Al-Al and Al-Ghshiyah
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Imm other than the Khab
Should be the same person, but permissible if there is a need.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Late mamm
Missed the 1
st
rakah add another 1 rakah
Missed the 2
nd
rakah add another 4 rakah (become uhr)
altl-
Jumuah:
Khubah
altl-
Jumuah:
The Prayer
47
What When How
altl-
Eedayn
alh done to
celebrate Al-Fir and
Al-A
ua time of
Eedl-Al-Fir:
1 Shawwl
Eedl-Al-
A:
10 Dhul-
ijjah
Sunnah to do at an open area
(but permissible to in a Masjid in
some situations)
1. The alh
Majority
1
st
rakah
7 extra takbr
(after the opening takbr)
With/without raising the hands
Dhikr in between
SubnAllh, walamdulillh,
wa l ilha illAllh, wAllhu
akbar
2
nd
rakah
as above, but only 6 extra takbr
Abu anfah
1
st
rakah
3 extra takbr
(after the opening takbr)
2
nd
rakah
3 extra takbr
(after the second srah, before
ruk)
Choice of surah (optional)
1
st
rakah: Al-Al
2
nd
rakah: Al-Ghshiyah
2. The Khutbah
Sunnah
2 khutbah (majority)
Not necessary to commence with
Takbr no evidence
Other Congregational alh
Sunnah prayers for altl-Eed?
No except Tahiyyatl-Masjid (if done in a Masjid)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Ruling of Takbrt before alh?
Sunnah, loud and continuous until imm
has come to the front to lead the prayer
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Adhn/Iqmah for the alh? No
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Extra takbr in the alh = Sunnah
OK if imm forgot/missed some of them
Late Mamm may recite on their own
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Performed at different places at the same time,
or more than once at the same place?
In principle, no. If there is a need, yes.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Women with legal excuse?
Should also come to the alh
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
If one misses the alh?
Ibn Taymiyyah, anaf Individually wjib
make up tomorrow at the same time
Majority Far kifyah
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Are travellers obligated to do it? No, but they should
48
What When How
altl-
Tarw
The Ramahan night
prayers
H. Bukhri, Muslim
Offer with sincere
believe and hope for
reward past sins
will be forgiven
After Isha alh
in Ramahan
Performed in units of 2
Opinions on the number of rakah
8 rakah (Prophet S.A.Ws time)
20 rakah (Umar R.A.s time)
30 rakah (Imm Maliks time:
36)
No specific number
Pre-requisite
Performed in congregation?
Yes. Otherwise, it is qiyml-layl
Performed in Masjid?
Not a pre-requisite. But men
should be praying at the Masjid.
altl-Khusf
& Kusf
The eclipse prayer
Khusf
Lunar eclipse
Kusf
Sun eclipse
During the
eclipse of the
sun or the moon
2 units with 2 ruk in each rakah
(In total: 4 Ftiah, 4 ruk,
4 itidl, 4 sajdah)
Opening takbr
Recitation
o Long, especially in altl-
Khusf (longer eclipse)
o Length of approximately Al-
Baqarah
First ruk
o Long, with tasbh and tamid
Come up from ruk
Recitation
o Shorter than the first,
o Length of approximately li
Imrn
Second ruk
o Shorter than the first
Come up from ruk
Sajdah as in the normal prayer
o the 2 sajdah are elongated
1
st
rakah is completed
Continue with the 2
nd
rakah
o each interval shorter than in
the 1
st
rakah
No adhn/iqmah
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Performed in congregation at the Masjid
Permissible to do individually
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Recitation is to be done out loud
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Khubah after the prayer is sunnah
Not an obligation
49
What When How
altl-Istisq Prayer to request
for rain
Why?
Drought can be a
form of punishment
for our sins ask
Allah for forgiveness
Ruling
Mlik, Shfi,
Amad
Emphasized
sunnah
Abu anifah
No congregational
alh for istisq
(just dua)
ua H. Amad, Ibn Mjah
(Similar to Eed)
2 rak ah
Without adhn/iqmah
Khutbah + dua
(facing Qiblah, hands raised)
Reversing cloak
(implies change of state from
sinning past to repentance)
altl-Khawf Prayer during time of
fear or danger
Anytime in great
fear or danger
Can combine and shorten
Imam Amad
There are 10 versions
Anything with sound narration is
permissible.
If there is a REAL need, any form
of prayer is OK.
Delay prayer during time of fear?
It is allowed to delay until a more
convenient time.
Prophet S.A.W. missed all
5 prayers during the Battle
of Ahzb.
People should be in iddah-like state
(unlike Eed) humble/lower oneself
Example: Enemy not in
the direction of qiblah
Al-Nisa, 102
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Imm starts praying with
1
st
group
At the end of 1
st
rakah,
Imm stops
1
st
group continue to
stand up and complete
their prayers
Imm stands up for 2
nd
rakah
2
nd
group join the Imm
Imm stops at
tashahhud
2
nd
group continue until
tashahhud
Imm and 2
nd
group end
together
Example: Enemy in the
direction of Qiblah
Amad
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Start together
Sajdah of 1
st
rakah: 1
st
group (in front)
prostrate, 2
nd
group (at
the back) remain
standing
When 1
st
group raise
from prostration, 2
nd
group prostrate
2
nd
group stand up and
change place with 1
st
group (behind imm)
2 rak ah is continues as
the above
End together