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=> In IBM PC Compatible computers, the basic input/output system (BIOS)[1] , also
known as the System BIOS, is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface.[2]
=> The BIOS is boot firmware, designed to be the first code run by a PC when powered
on. The initial function of the BIOS is to identify, test, and initialize system devices such
as the video display card, hard disk, floppy disk and other hardware. The BIOS sets the
machine hardware into a known state, so that software stored on compatible media can be
loaded, executed, and given control of the PC.[3] This process is known as booting, or
booting up, which is short for bootstrapping.
=> BIOS programs are stored on a chip and are built to work with various devices that
make up the complementary chipset of the system. They provide a small library of basic
input/output functions that can be called to operate and control the peripherals such as the
keyboard, text display functions and so forth. In the IBM PC and AT, certain peripheral
cards such as hard-drive controllers and video display adapters carried their own BIOS
extension ROM, which provided additional functionality. Operating systems and
executive software, designed to supersede this basic firmware functionality, will provide
replacement software interfaces to applications.
b) Chip
There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips (also called microprocessors)
contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory.
e) Slots
=> An opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board. Slots are
often called expansion slots because they allow you to expand the capabilities of a
computer. The boards you insert in expansion slots are called expansion boards or add-
on boards.
Do not confuse slots with bays. Bays are sites within the computer where you can install
disk drives. Typically, slots are in the back of the computer and bays are in the front.
An object, such as a cork or a wad of cloth, used to fill a hole tightly; a stopper.
A dense mass of material that obstructs a passage.
A fitting, commonly with two metal prongs for insertion in a fixed socket, used
to connect an appliance to a power supply.
A spark plug.
Connectors
To join to or by means of a communications circuit
To join or fasten together.
The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface to connect one device to
another. Most connectors are either male (containing one or more exposed pins)
or fem) In database management, a pointer or link between two data structures.
(electronics) A switch, or relay group system, which finds the telephone line
being called as a result of digits being dialed; it also causes interrupted ringing
voltage to be placed on the called line or of returning a busy tone to the calling
party if the line is busy.
(engineering) A detachable device for connecting electrical conductors. A
metal part for joining timbers. A symbol on a flowchart indicating that the flow
jumps to a different location on the chart. ale (containing holes in which the
male connector can be inserted).
Ports
Almost all personal computers come with a serial RS-232C port or RS-422 port
for connecting a modem or mouse and a parallel port for connecting a printer.
On PCs, the parallel port is a Centronics interface that uses a 25-pin connector.
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) ports support higher transmission
speeds than do conventional ports and enable you to attach up to seven devices
to the same port.