Thin very thin(one -cell thick) Blood flow Fast Slow Very slow Blood pressure High Low Very low
CHAPTER 2 : BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT
1 Human Blood Circulatory System is the transport 5 The function of the heart is to pump blood to all parts system which consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. of the body. Human Blood Circulatory System
Heart Blood Vessels Blood
2 Functions of the human blood circulatory system : Transport useful substances : oxygen, nutrients, hormones and antibodies to all part of the body. Transport waste products : carbon dioxide, urea, excess water/mineral salts.
3 Human blood circulatory system act as a system of tubes with a pump (heart) and valves that ensure one-way flow of blood.
4 Blood flow in the human blood circulatory system can 6 The valves prevent backflow of blood therefore be divided into two paths : ensures the blood flow in one direction. Pulmonary Circulation : - Transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs 7 Blood vessels are tubes in the body that channel blood. - Transports oxygenated blood from lungs to heart There are 3 types of blood vessel : Systemic Circulation - Transports oxygenated blood and useful substances from heart to all parts of the body (except lungs) - Transports deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body (except lungs) to heart
Pulmonary Circulation (From heart to lungs and back to heart)
8 Constituents of blood and their functions : Constituents of blood
Systemic Circulation (From heart to all parts Blood of the body except cells
Plasma lungs and back to Transport heart) Red White blood cells blood cells
Platelets medium
Transport
Protect body
Helps blood oxygen
clotting 3 Recipient's blood group Donor's blood group O A B AB O X X X A X X B X X AB
Factors Rate of transpiration Temperature Increase increase Air movement Increase increase Light intensity Increase increase Humidity Increase decrease
Component Main uses Plasma Great loss of blood in surgery & chilbirth Red Blood Cells Anaemia Platelets Bone marrow failure, Leukaemia
9 The ABO System group human blood grouped into 16 Functions of the stomata : four groups called A, B, AB and O. Allow water vapour to diffuse during transpiration. Allow the exchange of gases during photosynthesis 10 During blood transfusion, the donor's blood must be and respiration. compatible with the recipient's blood to prevent blood agglutinate (clump together) and cause fatal blockage 17 The size of the stoma is controlled by the guard cells. in the recipient's blood vessels. 18 Roles of transpiration : Compatibles X Incompatibles Helps in absorption and transportation of water and minerals in plants. Universal Donor Supplies water for photosynthesis People with blood group O Loses excess water is able to donate blood to all the blood groups Maintains freshness of plant cells. Cools the plant by evaporation during hot weather. Universal Recipient People with blood group AB 19 Factors that affect the rate of transpiration : is able to receive from all the blood groups
11 Blood donation needed for treatment of accident or surgery. The donated blood (usually 450 ml /1 pint or less e.g.400 ml) can save the live of others.
12 The donated blood can be used either as unfiltered 20 The transport system in plants consists of xylem and blood or separated into components : phloem which are found in the leaves, stems and roots To show the transport of water through xylem
13 Donated blood is collected in sterile plastic bags that contain an anticoagulant to prevent clotting as well as preservatives to keep the red blood cells alive.
14 Screening tests are performed for evidence of donor infection with hepatitis, AIDS and others sexual transmitted diseases.
15 Transpiration is a process of losing water (water vapour) from the plants. Transpiration occurs through the stomata / stoma of the leaves
To show the transport of synthesised food through phloem