JCIA

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CONTENTS
What is JCI Accreditation?
Who are JCI?
Benefits of JCI
JCI Standards (5th Edition)
Chapter Details
Purpose and Goal of JCI Accreditation Initiatives
JCI addresses the following issues very intensively
Accreditation Participation Requirements (APR)
International Patient Safety Goal (IPSG)
Access to Care and Continuity of Care (ACC)
Patient and Family Rights (PFR)
Assessment of Patient (AOP)
Care of Patient (COP)
Anesthesia and Surgical Care (ASC)
Medication Management and Use (MMU)
Patient and Family Education (PFE)
Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (QPS)
Prevention and Control of Infections (PCI)
Governance, Leadership and Direction (GLD)
Facility Management and Safety (FMS)
Staff Qualification and Education (SQE)
Management of Information (MOI)
JCI Survey Preparedness Guidelines
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What is JCI Accreditation?
Joint Commission International Accreditation is a voluntary process in which an entity separate and
distinct from the health care organization which assesses the health care organization to determine if
it meets a set of requirement (standards) designed to provide a visible commitment by an organization
to improve the safety and quality of care which is optimal and achievable.
It is an effective quality evaluation and management tool for ensuring a safe care environment which helps
continuous improvement process to reduce risk to patient and staffs.
Who are JCI?
Joint Commission International is a U.S. based not for profit accreditation body which sets and designs
standards and processes to create a culture of ethics, safety and quality within an organization that
strive to continually improve patient care processes and results.
Benefits of JCI
Joint Commission International teaches and leads us to:
Improve patient trust by improving patient safety, quality and care.
Provide a safe and efficient work environment that contributes to staff satisfaction
Listen to patients and their families, respect their rights, and involve them in the care
process as partners; and
Helps establish collaborative leadership that sets priority for and continuous leadership for
quality and patient safety at all levels.
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JCI Standards (5th Edition)
Accreditation Participation Requirements (APR): 12
Chapters Total Number: 16
Patient Centered Chapters: 8
Organization Management Chapters: 6
Academic Medical Center Hospital Chapters: 2
Standards: Total Number: 304
Standards are set around the important functions; they are common to all
healthcare organizations.
Intent statement: Easy explanation of the standards
Measurable Elements: Total number: 1218
Measurable elements are those requirements of standards which are
reviewed and assigned a score during survey.
Survey: Assesses the hospitals compliance on JCI standards
Chapter Details
I. Accreditation Participation Requirements
Accreditation Participation Requirements (APR)-Introductory
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II. The Patient Centered Standards are:
1. International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG)
2. Access to Care and Continuity of Care (ACC)
3. Patient and Family Rights (PFR)
4. Assessment of Patients (AOP)
5. Care of Patients (COP)
6. Anesthesia and Surgical Care (ASC)
7. Medication Management and Use (MMU)
8. Patient and Family Education (PFE)
III. The Organization Management Standards are:
9. Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (QPS)
10. Prevention and Control of Infections (PCI)
11. Governance, Leadership, and Direction (GLD)
12. Facility Management and Safety (FMS)
13. Staff Qualifications and Education (SQE)
14. Management of Information (MOI)
IV. The Academic Medical Center Hospital Standards are:
15. Medical Professional Education(MPE)
16. Human Subjects Research Programs(HRP)
(** Please note that section IV is not relevant for AHD)
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Purpose and Goal of JCI Accreditation Initiatives
The Purpose is to give Apollo Hospitals Dhaka international fame by setting Goals which stimulate
demonstration of continuous, sustained improvement in healthcare organization by applying interna-
tional consensus standard, International Patient Safety Goals and Data Measurement Support.
JCI addresses the following issues very intensively:
1. International Patient Safety Goals
2. Patient & Family Education
3. Patient & Family Rights & Responsibilities
4. Pain Management
5. Quality Indicators & Monitoring
6. Hand Wash & Prevention and Control of Infection
7. Fire Safety and Emergency Codes
8. Removal of Barriers to Care
9. Patient Identifiers
10. Care of High Risk Patients (Vulnerable patients)
11. Restraint Order
12. Rights of Drug administration
13. Discharge Planning & Components of Discharge Summary
14. Time Out
15. Biomedical Waste Disposal
16. Personal Protective Equipments (PPE)
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17. HAZMAT, Lab, Radiation, Facility Safety
18. DNR (Do Not Resuscitate)
19. End of Life Care
20. Hospital Mandatory Trainings
Accreditation Participation Requirements (APR):
a TRANSPARENT practice : Mandates which are rational for requirements evaluation
methods and consequences of non-compliance accreditation process and maintaining an award.

T Timely submission of data and information
R Reports (within 15 days) of any changes in hospital profile or information
A Accurate and complete information through all phases of accreditation
N Notifies the public of concerns about patient safety and care
S Submits accurate representation of accreditation status
P Participates in Library of Measures
A Allow JCIs board and staff to observe the onsite survey
R Reporting from individual concerned about the hospital without retaliatory action
E Endow with patient care in an environment that poses no risk
N Notify review of original authenticated results and reports
T Translation and interpretation service arrange ments during audit days
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CHAPTER ONE
INTERNATIONAL PATIENT SAFETY GOAL (IPSG):
IPSG 1
IPSG 2
Identify Patients Correctly
Use two identifiers; Name and UHID for both IPD
and OPD. For unknown/ comatose patient brought
in ER identify as unknown 1 or 2
Improve Effective Communication
(i) Use read back and verify policy for verbal order
and laboratory test result obtained on the phone
and the process ( for handover communication)
(ii) Comply to handover communication policy
IPSG 3
Improve the Safety of High-alert medications
Eg.. lnj. Pottassium Chloride, lnj. Sodium Chloride
more than 0.9%, Inj. Magnesium sulphate equal to or
more than 50% are not to be stored in patient ward but
stored only in the IP Pharmacy.
Look alike and sound alike medications are stored with
proper labeling with tallman method.
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IPSG 4
IPSG 5
IPSG 6
Ensure Correct Site, Correct-Procedure, Correct
Patient Surgery Follow pre-surgical site marking
with a downwards arrow, pre-operative checklist
and time out in OT and Bedside procedures.
Reduce the Risk of Health Care Associated
infections
Follow the WHO 2009 hand hygiene guidelines.
Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm Resulting from
falls.
Safety First Program
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CHAPTER TWO
ACCESS TO CARE AND CONTINUITY OF CARE (ACC):
Information about the hospital provided to the patients in In Patient Guidebook.
Removal of Barriers to care:
Language
Physical
Religious
A list of interpreters is available on all nursing stations.
Wheelchairs/Stretchers are readily available at the
entrance. Lifts available for all floors. Handicapped Toilets@
MHC, Emergency Department
Prayer Places, are available within the precinct. Spiritual
Services are provided when asked for.
Cultural
Different types of food choices are available. Patients
needs to observe auspicious time for any procedures are
honored.
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Patient Identifiers
Use at least two patients identifiers (not the patients room number) whenever taking blood samples,
administering medications, or blood products.
Color Coding in Disaster Triage:
Red : Most urgent (patient needs to be seen immediately)
Yellow : Urgent
Green : Non Urgent
Black : Dead
Routine Triage
Hospital emergency room currently uses a 3-tier triage system. The 3-tier system is based on the
following classifications:
Level 1 (immediate)
Level 2 (very urgent)
Level 3 (urgent)
They are for Inpatients For Outpatients
For comatose patient in
the emergency
Name
UHID
Name
UHID
Unknown1/2/3
UHID
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Discharge Planning
Discharge planning is done at the time of admission so that a patients needs even after discharge can
be planned well ahead in time. This improves the quality of patient care and decreases readmissions
due to lack of availability of vital equipment at home, after discharge.
Components of Discharge Summary
1. Reason for admission, diagnoses and comorbidities.
2. Significant physical and other findings.
3. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed.
4. Significant medications, including discharge medications.
5. The patients condition/status at the time of discharge.
6. Followup instructions.

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CHAPTER THREE
PATIENT AND FAMILY RIGHTS (PFR):
Patients Rights and Responsibilities have been defined and are actively informed to the patients and
families. Management ensures strict compliance with patients right and responsibilities. All violations
of the policy are reviewed by the top management and actions are taken or prevent such incident in the future.
Following are the Rights of a Patient:
Right to information & knowledge
Right to seek to reduce physical, language and cultural barriers
Right to personal values & beliefs
Right privacy and confidentiality
Right to protection of valuables
Right to participate in care process
Right to medical care and treatment
Right to refuse / discontinue treatment
Right to respectful compassionate care at the end of life
Right to complain and participate in the process
Right to knowledge about their rights and responsibilities
Right to general and informed consent
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Followings are Patient Responsibility
To participate, to the best of their ability in making decisions about their treatment and to comply
with the agreed plan of care.
To ask question to physician or other care providers when they do not understand any information
or instructions.
To be considerate of others receiving and providing care and also to observe facility policies and
procedures, including those regarding noise , number of visitors and out side food and flowers.
Accept financial responsibility for healthcare received and settle bills promptly.
I Understand that smoking is prohibited for admitted patients and our attendants in the hospitals
premises and pledge to follow.
All foreigner patients getting admitted are required to provide photocopy of the first three pages of
their passport.
Patient and attendant also ensure to carry out the responsibility to see that no hospital property and
human life are harmed by their actions.
Review of Patient Rights and Responsibilities Informed Consent
The consultant or his/her designee shall be responsible for informing the patient and / or the surrogate
decision maker about the following:
1. The patients condition;
2. The proposed treatment(s);
3. Potential benefits and risks;
4. Possible alternatives;
5. The likelihood of success / outcomes;
Restraint Order
Restraint consent and order is required which is valid for 24 Hours only. Restraint monitoring shall
be done every 2 hours by nursing.
Need for restraint is documented.
Do not Resuscitate
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are not legal in our country.
Core Principles of End of Life Care
The hospital shall respect the dignity of patient and family
The hospital shall be sensitive and respect the wishes of patient and family
The hospital shall use the most appropriate measures consistent to patient choices
The hospital shall give maximum importance to alleviation of pain and other physical symptoms of
patient
The hospital shall assess and manage psychological, social, spiritual & religious issues related to
the patient
The hospital shall provide services of religious persons, when required
The hospital shall offer continuity of care, particularly pertaining to palliative treatment as a part of
end of life care of patient.
6. Possible problems related to recovery;
7. Possible results of non treatment; and
8. The staff members primarily responsible for
care of the patient.
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Followings are Patient Responsibility
To participate, to the best of their ability in making decisions about their treatment and to comply
with the agreed plan of care.
To ask question to physician or other care providers when they do not understand any information
or instructions.
To be considerate of others receiving and providing care and also to observe facility policies and
procedures, including those regarding noise , number of visitors and out side food and flowers.
Accept financial responsibility for healthcare received and settle bills promptly.
I Understand that smoking is prohibited for admitted patients and our attendants in the hospitals
premises and pledge to follow.
All foreigner patients getting admitted are required to provide photocopy of the first three pages of
their passport.
Patient and attendant also ensure to carry out the responsibility to see that no hospital property and
human life are harmed by their actions.
Review of Patient Rights and Responsibilities Informed Consent
The consultant or his/her designee shall be responsible for informing the patient and / or the surrogate
decision maker about the following:
1. The patients condition;
2. The proposed treatment(s);
3. Potential benefits and risks;
4. Possible alternatives;
5. The likelihood of success / outcomes;
Restraint Order
Restraint consent and order is required which is valid for 24 Hours only. Restraint monitoring shall
be done every 2 hours by nursing.
Need for restraint is documented.
Do not Resuscitate
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders are not legal in our country.
Core Principles of End of Life Care
The hospital shall respect the dignity of patient and family
The hospital shall be sensitive and respect the wishes of patient and family
The hospital shall use the most appropriate measures consistent to patient choices
The hospital shall give maximum importance to alleviation of pain and other physical symptoms of
patient
The hospital shall assess and manage psychological, social, spiritual & religious issues related to
the patient
The hospital shall provide services of religious persons, when required
The hospital shall offer continuity of care, particularly pertaining to palliative treatment as a part of
end of life care of patient.
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CHAPTER FOUR
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT (AOP):
All patients are assessed by a doctor and the history and physician examination form filled within 24
hours of admission.
The nursing admission assessment is also done within 24 hours.
Nutritional screening is done for all inpatients and the dietician sees all cases.
The patients on dialysis are assessed monthly and if required earlier.
Discharge planning is initiated at the time of admission.
All patients are assessed for pain at the time of admission (Refer the Pain Management Practice
Guideline; WHO 3 step analgesic ladder).
Comprehensive assessment of the patient (H&P) is completed prior to planned surgery.
Signature with date and time at the end of the H&P (Mandatory).
Specialized assessment forms are used for special population/vulnerable patient.
Medicine Reconciliation / Current Medication List
It is a process to document all medications that the patient is receiving at the time of admission and
to decide which medications need to be continued during hospital stay.
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Early screening for discharge planning
In the H&P, the discharge planning should be there for :-
Social support needed at home
Home equipment anticipated
Physiotherapy at home anticipated
Wound care needs anticipated at home
Education needs assessment
Education needs are assessed during Interdisciplinary Team Round.
Components of H & P (Physician)
Allergy
Source of History
Chief Complaints
History of Present illness
Medical, Gynecological & Surgical History
Current Medication History
Social & Family History
History of Abuse & Neglect
General & Systemic Examination
Pain Assessment
Infectious Disease Risk Assessment
Functional screening
Psychological Assessment
Nutritional Screening
Discharge planning
Diagnosis with Plan of care
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Patient and Family education is given by all participants as required.
Vulnerable Patients:
1. Children below 15 years
2. Elderly above 65 years
3. Patients with physical disabilities
Interdisciplinary Team Round

Participants Things patient should know Things caregiver should seek
Doctor
Plan of Care
Pain Management plan
Discharge Plan
Pain Assessment
Medication Management
Nurse
Safety Precautions
Infection Control Issues
Care of Skin & Devices
Restraint Management
Type of Precaution(I.C.)
Care of Skin & Devices
Ability to Learn and understand
Operation (CCO & IP
Executives)
Cost of Treatment
Patient Rights & responsibilities
Family Rights & Duties
Social Assessment on Admission
Orientation & Barr iers
Dietician
Type of Diet
Food & Drug Interactions
Nutritional Assessment
Planning & Counseling
Physiotherapist
Type of Activity for Daily Living
Benefits of Exercise
Functional Assessment
Planning & Counseling
4. Terminally ill
5. Patients with intense or chronic pain
6. Women in labor
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7. Women experiencing terminations in pregnancy
8. Patients with emotional or psychiatric disorders
9. Patients suspected of drug and/or alcohol dependency
10. Victims of abuse and neglect
11. Patients with infectious or communicable diseases
12. Patients receiving chemotherapy
13. Patients whose immune systems are compromised
All such patients require specialized assessments. For vulnerable patient, prevention of falls is one of
the most important precautions to be taken. There are 17 Safety First zones in our hospital.
What special care is given to a vulnerable patient?
For pediatric age group, there is a different history and physical examination form.
For elderly, patients with chronic pain, Women in labor, Women experiencing terminations in
pregnancy, Patients with infectious or communicable diseases, Patients receiving chemotherapy,
an additional specialized assessment form is used.
All patients are assessed for probable abuse or neglect, psychological illness, drug or alcohol dependency.
End of Life care is provided to the terminally ill patients with comfort and dignity. The families are
counseled and cultural, religious needs are addressed.
Standard safety precautions are taken for all patients and vulnerable patients for fall are managed
with Safety First program. A yellow Safety First tag is placed at the head end of their bed.
Frequent assessments are done by nurses. All this is documented in the patients file. Like all other
patients, an incident form is filled in case of something untoward happening with such a patient.

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Vulnerable Patients few important categories are mentioned below
Termination of
Pregnancy
1. Secure patient
2. Immediate Admission
3. Monitored transport
H&P Assessment and
Specialized assessment
1. Pain relief
2. Medication
3. Psychological
counseling
Doctors verbal
education
POINT OF FIRST
CONTACT
ASSESSMENT CARE EDUCATION
< 15 years
1. Secure with parents /
guardian
1. Pediatric or
Newborn Assessment.
2. OP Assessment
1. Implement Safety First
2. Child Security
1. Safety First
Brochure (Pink Slip)
> 65 years
1. Identify Barriers.
2. Provide Assistance
1. Additional Geriatric
Assessment
2. OP Assessment
1. Geriatric Care.
2. Safety First
3. 24h attendant
Safety First
Brochure (Pink Slip)
Doctor & Nurse
verbal education
Physically
Challenged
Patient
1. Identify Barriers.
2. Provide Assistance
1. H&P Assessment.
2. ADL & Assessment by
Physiotherapist
1. Safety First
2. 24h Attendant
3. ADL Care
4. Physiotherapy
1. Safety first
Brochure (Pink Slip)
2. Patient and
family education
Terminally ill
Patients
1. Provide
Assistance
2. Assess
1. End Of Life Care
Assessment
1. Safety First
2. 24h Attendant
4. Psychological Consultation
for patient & family
5. Spiritual and religious needs
Counseling.
VULNERABLE
GROUP
Patient
in Labor
1. Secure patient
2. Immediate Admission
3. Monitored transport
Maintain Partograph
Obtain consent
Monitor condition CTG
Pain relief
Fluid and medication
Fetal condition
Pamphlet for
Safe Motherhood
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CHAPTER FIVE
CARE OF PATIENT (COP)
Measurable Goal
Purpose
1. Provide individualized care
2. Promote patient and family participation
3. Plan care that is realistic and measurable
4. Select evidenced based care
5. Communicate the plan of care
Goals
Must be patient centered
Must reflect the patients highest level of functioning
It is a prediction of the resolution of a problem
It is a prediction of the resolution of a problem
Each goal is written with a time limitation, which depends on the nature of the problem
Short term
Long term
1. Are written in terms of patient will ..
Pain Management
Assessment and Reassessment of pain is documented in the initial and follow up notes. Patient and the family are educated on pain. Age specific Pain rating scale is used for assessment of pain.
Document the ndings
Document the Pain Score
FLACCS for children up to =3 Years NIPS for neonates & under ( 0-1yrs)
PAIN
SCORING
NO PAIN
Pain Score = 0
MILD PAIN
Pain Score = 1
MODERATE PAIN
Pain Score = 2-3
SEVERE PAIN
Pain Score = 4-5
Re assure the patent
& Patent and family
Pain Edn.
Re assure the Patent
& Patent and Family
Pain Educaton
INTERVENTIONS No Interventons
Non-Opioids
Simple analgesics
Topical Ointments
Weak Opioids
Non-Opioids
Adjuvants
RE-ASSESSMENT NA
To be done by the
Nurse
To be done by the Nurse. If
pain not controlled,
notfy Doctor
To be done by the
Doctor
RE-ASSESSMENT
TIMELINES
NA 30 Minutes - 1 Hr. 30 Minutes - 1 Hr
In case of severe pain (pain score 4-5) involve anesthesiologist after authorization from primary consultant
Uncontrolled Painwhich has not been
adequately
controlled through the optmum use of
Opiods, Non-Opiods and adjuvant
treatment
Reassess diagnosis
Referral to Pain Specialist /
Anaesthetst for Invasive
Interventon
Rapidly ttrate short actng Opioids
Non Opioids
Adjuvants
Do the Pain Scoring
Reassessment / patient education to be given at all levels of pain scoring.
Re assure the Patent
& Patent and Family
Pain Educaton
Within 30 minutes
Evaluaton of Pain by Doctor/Nurse
Identfy:
1. Locaton
2. Duraton
3. Severity
4. Type
5. Aggravatng factors
6. Relieving factors
Assess PQRST for Pain:
P - What Provokes (Increase) pain?
Q - Quality of Pain
(Sharp/dull/burning/pricking/squeezing)?
R - Does the pain Radiate to any other area?
S - What is the Severity of pain?
T - What is the Timing of pain (duraton)?
Patent has Pain
WE FOLLOW
WHO 3 STEP
ANALGESIC LADDER
0
NO HURT
1
HURTS
LITTLE BIT
2
HURTS
LITTLE MORE
3
HURTS
EVEN MORE
4
HURTS
WHOLE LOT
5
HURTS
WORST
PAIN MANAGEMENT
PRACTICE
GUIDELINES
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Emergency Patient
Emergency Physician; Nurses; Paramedic
Physician ACLS & PALS; Nurses BLS &
PALS; Paramedic BLS & PALS
Initial Triage
Accident & Emergency Assessment
Focus on A&E; History and Examination,
consents for procedures, Medication
management & critical care
Vitals monitored
during stay as required & prior to discharge
As per need ECG; Defibrillator, Pulse
Oximeter, Ventilator
Staffing
Competency
Process
Document
Monitoring
Equipment
** Staffs are required to demonstrate competency in the equipments
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Code Blue
Code Blue Team Doctors (Cardiology, Int.
Medicine, Emergency) Paramedic, Nursing,
Administrative staff
Staffing
All staff Basic CPR,
At least one trained in ACLS
Competency
Start BLS algorithm CPR; Call 7700; Code Blue
Team take over Use Crash cart,
Defibrillator, O2 as required
Process
Code Blue Sheet
Document the entire process and
Transfer notes
Document
Physiological Vital Parameter;
No Separate Consent
Monitoring
Pulse Oximeter; ECG monitor; Defibrillator;
Crash Cart and Oxygen Cylinder
Equipment
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24
Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion Reaction
Stop transfusion; call Doctor Consultant and Blood Bank Consultant. Start IV Fluid.
Fill incident report take blood sample from other hand Clotted and EDTA; Urine
and Blood for Culture; Send the blood bag for review to Blood Bank
Staffing
Competency
Process
Document
Monitoring
Equipment
Physician and Nursing
Nurse competency in IV therapy
Consent; Reason; Rate of Infusion; Pre
Transfusion check; sign and date
Monitor and report transfusion
reaction if any;
Blood transfusion set, 18G Cannula
Take consent, Check blood, Check Vitals at
initiation, after 5 minutes, then every 15 minutes
for first hour, then every 30 minutes till end.
25
Dialysis
Consultant; physician; dialysis technician
and nurses
Staffing
Trained and competent staff
Privileges for Consultant
Competency
Complete H&P - Nephrology;
Complete routine dialysis records
Process
Consent every 30 days
Document
Pre ad post dialysis weight, access, vitals at
hourly basis
Monitoring
Haemodialysis machine;
Single use dialyzers
Equipment
26
Restraint Patients
Ward or ICU Physician and
Nurses
Staffing
Nurses training in monitoring restraint
Know type of restraints
Competency
Process
Consent 24 hrs; Doctors Order; Patient &
Family Education; record intake output
Document
Monitor 2 hr. Area, Fluid & Output
Evaluate need of restraint with in 24 hrly
Monitoring
Specialized restraint types,
when required
Equipment
Complete H&P; Document reason of
restraint; Complete Restraint Flow Sheet
27
Chemotherapy Patients
Follow Consultants prescription; Pharmacist to
Mix; therapy initiated in presence of Physician.
Trained Chemotherapy Nurse
Staffing
Consultant with privileges to prescribe; Pharmacist
Chemo mixing training, Nurse trained in
Chemotherapy administration and monitoring.
Competency
Process
Consent; H&P Diagnosis, Cycle, BMA based
Drug order, Mixing & monitoring record
Document
At Start, every 15 minutes for first hour then
Every 30 minutes till end
Monitoring
Biological Safety Cabinet
For Drug mixing; others as required
Equipment
Complete H&P for Oncology
BMA calculation must; Rate of Infusion
28
Comatose Patients
Critical Care Consultant;
Physician; Nurses
Staffing
Training in Critical Care; Competency
Evaluation for all staff; ACLS
Competency
Process
Complete H&P; Consent for Critical Care;
Document sedation agent
Document
ICU Chart component monitoring
Pain; End of Life; Bundles
Monitoring
Central Monitor, Bed side Monitors,
ECG monitor, Ventilator, Syringe and
infusion pumps
Equipment
Admission Discharge Criteria; care
Bundles; Plan of Care; Pain in comatose
29
Infectious Patient
Physician, Nurse, Infection control Nurse
All Trained in Negative Pressure Room
Staffing
Staff be trained in handling Infectious
disease patients Precautions & N95 mask
Competency
Process
Assessment and special precaution taken Document
Assessment & Reassessment of patient
Monitoring
Specialized negative pressure rooms
Disinfection and Sterilization
Equipment
Complete H&P, Specialized assessment forms,
need for isolation assessment, Proper PPE
30
Immuno compromised Patients
Consultant; Physician; Nurses and
Technician
Staffing
Consultant Privileges; Evaluation for the
technical, physician and nursing staff
Competency
Process
Plan of Care and routine follow up
Consent and patient education
Document
Daily reassessment and monitoring during
Procedure as in chemotherapy
Monitoring
As required isolation
is given or provided
Equipment
H&P and specialized assessment form
for Oncology patients
31
Diet and Nutrition
All nutritional products are appropriately stored and prescribed
Diet plan Doctors write the diet orders
Liquid diet
1. Diet Order
2. Laminar Hood composition
3. Prepare and dispense
4. Best before 2 hours
5. Label with Name, UHID no, Time and Date of preparation and best before for use
Must DOs
A. History and Physical for Physicians and Nursing
1. Timeliness should be strictly followed
2. All columns and rows have to be filled up
3. Pain Assessment has to be completed. If patient has pain, please do the pain scoring. Evaluate
the following:
What causes pain?
What makes it better? Worse?
What does it feel like? Is it sharp? Dull? Stabbing? Burning? Crushing?
Where does the pain radiate? Is it in one place? Does it go anywhere else?
Did it start elsewhere and now localized to one spot?
32
How severe is the pain on a scale of 0 - 5?
Time pain started? How long did it last?
Other questions to ask and look for.... Any medication or allergies? Does it hurt on deep
inspiration? Activity @ onset? Any history of pain? Any recent trauma?
4. Examination findings should be completed
5. Current medication History
6. Write all medication orders in drug chart
7. Write all non drug orders in non drug order chart
5. Legibility kindly write in legible handwriting
6. Use Approved Abbreviation Only (provided in all U Drives)
7. Consultant and physicians Sign with date and time in History & Physical Form is mandatory.
B. Progress Note: - Physicians
What to write (for all points, compile issues identified from different discipline. Dont avoid issues on
diet /physiotherapy / psychological status, when relevant)
Relevant history
Current problems
Current Findings or post procedure follow up
Current lab & diagnostic reports
Major medications that are part of the planning, either to stop, continue or add
Any procedure planned
Expected Outcome / Goal
Follow up
33
C. Key Documentation - Physician
Blood Transfusion, Chemotherapy and Dialysis Notes
Write Rate of infusion
Write about the PRN / SOS indication in the Drug Chart
Medication or STOP orders should be dated and timed with ID
Donts
1. Dont write any order in progress notes
2. Dont write any unapproved abbreviation
3. Dont stop any medication without sign and date, time
4. Dont overwrite in medication chart
5. Dont cut any writing without signing and cut with a single line
34
CHAPTER SIX
ANESTHESIA AND SURGICAL CARE (ASC)
Defining Surgery: Those procedures that investigate and /or treat diseases and disorders of
human body through cutting, removing, altering or insertion of diagnostic therapeutic scopes is defined
as surgery.
Moderate Sedation IV or Per Oral Medication
Anesthetist only can administer;
Nurse needs to monitor throughout
Staffing
Anesthetist with privileges ACLS;
Pediatric cases privileges & PALS
Competency
Complete H&P;
Complete Pre-sedation checklist
Process
Pre sedation checklist; Intra Sedation Vital
parameters and Post Sedation Plan
Document
Physiological Vital Parameter; Document
Intra Procedure 15 min / 30 minutes for 1 hrs
Monitoring
Pulse Oximeter;
ECG monitor if required
Equipment
35
Pre Anesthesia Process:
Education on the risks, benefits, and alternatives of anesthesia shall be followed during the consent
process for the anesthesia
The anesthesiologist or another qualified individual provides the education.
Pre-Anesthesia Assessment
Includes comprehensive assessment of the patient at least a day prior to anesthesia
Kindly refer cases to the anesthetist for completion of pre-anesthesia check up even if your patient
gets admitted on day of surgery
Intra Operative Anesthesia Process
Pre Induction assessment is done by the anesthetist inside the OT just prior to induction of
anesthesia agent.
Benefits are to review the vitals prior to induction and see if there are any variation from the pre
anesthesia check up findings It also allows to collate all laboratory, investigation parameters prior to
anesthesia.
The anesthesia care of each patient is planned. The plan is documented.
Documentation of Anesthesia Plan can be done in the pre-anesthesia check up notes
1. The patients shall be monitored for the temperature, blood pressure, central venous, pressure,
pulse rate every 5 minutes and documented.
36
Pre Anesthesia Process:
Education on the risks, benefits, and alternatives of anesthesia shall be followed during the consent
process for the anesthesia
The anesthesiologist or another qualified individual provides the education.
Pre-Anesthesia Assessment
Includes comprehensive assessment of the patient at least a day prior to anesthesia
Kindly refer cases to the anesthetist for completion of pre-anesthesia check up even if your patient
gets admitted on day of surgery
Intra Operative Anesthesia Process
Pre Induction assessment is done by the anesthetist inside the OT just prior to induction of
anesthesia agent.
Benefits are to review the vitals prior to induction and see if there are any variation from the pre
anesthesia check up findings It also allows to collate all laboratory, investigation parameters prior to
anesthesia.
The anesthesia care of each patient is planned. The plan is documented.
Documentation of Anesthesia Plan can be done in the pre-anesthesia check up notes
1. The patients shall be monitored for the temperature, blood pressure, central venous, pressure,
pulse rate every 5 minutes and documented.
2. Document all blood transfusion and medication provided please sign and write time.
3. The monitoring for positioning on table, respiratory rate, gases provided, oxygen saturation, blood
loss and urine output shall be done continuously and shall be documented every 15 min / 30
minutes for 1 hrs during the procedure / surgery.
Post Anesthesia Plan / Recovery
1. The patients shall be monitored for the temperature, blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulse
rate monitoring continuously and documented every 05 mins.
2. Document all blood transfusion and medication provided please sign and give time.
3. Discharge from recovery area is done using modified aldrete recovery room scoring system.
Written Surgical Report
Description of the surgical procedure, findings, and any surgical specimens
A postoperative diagnosis
Complications & Blood Loss
The Post Surgical Physician and Nursing Plan need to be available before the patient
leaves the post anesthesia recovery area
Labels of implants has to be pasted in appropriate areas
A post operative diagnosis has to be mentioned this is mandatory as
differences in pre operative and post operative diagnosis is monitored as
quality indicator
37
Review of Anesthesia and Surgical Care
Surgical Safety Initiatives
Defining Scope of Services for Theatres
Address Issues at IPSG 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Addressing priorities in skin preparation & antisepsis
Remove hair with clippers
Address Strategic Priorities in Instruments & Sterilization
Give appropriate antibiotics; Give antibiotics within 60 minutes prior to incision; Re- dose appropriately
Addressing Priorities Nullify risk of retention of foreign body
Keep patients warm; Maintain normoglycemia
Time out
Prior to the start of any surgical procedure, conduct a final verification
process such as a Time Out to confirm the correct patient, procedure
and site using active communication technique.
Time Out MUST verify:
1. Correct patient
2. Correct side and site (Marked)
3. Correct patient position for procedure
4. Presence of implants and/or special equipment.
38
Surgical Site marking
Surgical Site Marking is done using only downwards arrows in all cases
Where we need to denote laterality, digit or level
Anesthesia and Surgical Care
Pre anesthetic assessment and documentation mandatory
Care-planned and documented
Risks, complications, options etc are discussed with patient and family members
Separate consent of anesthesia is obtained
Anesthesia used is documented
Physiological status during anesthesia is monitored and recorded
Post anesthesia status is documented
Discharge or transfer from recovery is done using established aldrete criteria
Surgical Care
Patients surgical care is planned and recorded
Risks, benefits, potential complication and options discussed with patient and family and
documented
Surgery done is recorded: Pre-op and post-op diagnosis and operation notes are written clearly
Care after surgery is planned and documented
39
CHAPTER SEVEN
MEDICATION MANAGEMENT AND USE (MMU)
Sample Medications are not allowed in the hospital
Home medications are not allowed in the hospital premises
Nurses are authorized to administer the medication no self medication is allowed
All medications, which are recalled needs to be returned to pharmacy immediately
Medication Process
A. We have a medication management policy for effective medication management & to reduce
medication errors.
B. 24 hours IP pharmacy services are available.
C. Emergency medicines are available and stored (Floor Stock, Blue Bag, Crash Cart).
Medication orders are to be legible in specified page of drug chart.
Start and discontinuation or change order of any drug has to be signed, dated and timed.
Any wrong entry has to be crossed out with a single line and signed error.
Effect of medication is to be documented in the progress notes.
Medications are administrated at standard times other than stat orders.
Nurses signature & time is must on administration.
Label all open in use vials and pre-filled syringes.
40
All medication error to be reported.
All ADR need to be reported in ADR form for clinical audit.
All orders (including diet and nursing stands cancelled when patient undergo surgery or is
transferred out of ICUs).
All order including dietary order, need to be written a fresh in the situation.
Storage of Medication and Nutritional Product:
All medicines and Nutritional products are kept in Safe and Clean, Humidity free Environment
Room and Refrigerator Temperature to be monitored two times daily
Drugs shall be kept under lock in Floor Stock, Bed side lockers and emergency crash trolley
Expiry checking once in a month and daily checking by nursing. Remove before 3 months of expiry
Prescription Writing
Individuals who are permitted are identified to carry out the orders
Medications are to be written legibly in specified form, dated, timed & signed
Verbal orders are not acceptable except in life saving situations
Document STOP orders legibly with your signature, dated and timed appropriately
Drug Dispatch:
All medicines are checked by Pharmacist before dispensing
All drugs dispatch within 90 minutes & all emergency drugs dispatch within 30minutes
41
Nurses will administer the medicines after cross checking:
1. Right patient
2. Right drug
3. Right dose
A. Medication Error
Medication error is any preventable event, that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or
patient harm, while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient or consumer.
Near Miss of Medication Error
A Medication Error which has a potential to cause injury or harm and that was detected and corrected
before it reached the patient.
B. Adverse drug reaction (ADR):
An ADR is any noxious, unintended, undesirable or unexpected response to drug that occurs at doses
used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy, excluding therapeutic failure.
Non Drug Orders
Write all Non Drug Orders in Doctor Instruction Sheet
Please provide date and time
Write the diagnosis in the lab and radiology requisition
4. Right time
5. Right route
6. Right documentation
42
CHAPTER EIGHT
PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION (PFE)
Patient and family should be educated about their disease process, proposed plan of care and effect
of treatment. Patient and family should be educated based on the individuals learning preferences,
privileges, cultural values, reading and language skills.
Educate patients on:
1. How to take medication safely
2. How to prevent falls
3. Food drug interactions
4. Nutrition
This must be documented in the case record.
Evaluate
1. The patients and familys beliefs and values;
2. Their literacy, educational level, and language;
3. Emotional barriers and motivations;
4. Physical and cognitive limitations; and
5. The patients willingness to receive information.
43
CHAPTER NINE
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND PATIENT SAFETY (QPS)
QAD is to increase customer confidence and a hospitals credibility, to improve work processes and
efficiency, and to enable the company to better compete with other healthcare organizations in terms
of patient safety and continuous quality improvement activities.
Quality Process
44
Quality Indicators:
Data Validation:
The essential elements of a credible data validation process shall include the following:
Re-collecting the data by a second person not involved in the original data collection
Using a statistically valid sample of records, cases, and other data
Comparing the original data with the recollected data
A 90% accuracy level is a good benchmark
When data elements are found not to be the same, noting the reasons (for example, unclear data
definitions) and taking corrective actions
CATEGORY OF INDICATORS NUMBER OF QI MONITORED
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND PATIENT SAFETY (QIPS)
- Clinical & Managerial Indicator
- LOM ( Library of Measures, suggested by JCI)
- CP & CPG
35 (Clinical 21, Managerial 14)
5 (Clinical 5)
23 (16 CPG, 7 CP)
DKQPs (Department Key Quality Parameters) 75 (Managerial)
ACE (APOLLO CLINICAL EXCELLENCE @ 25 26 (Clinical)
RACE (Rocket ACE) 26 (Clinical)
APOLLO LIGHT HOUSE
- AQP (APOLLO QUALITY PLAN)
- INCIDENT REPORT
20 (Clinical)
10
VOC (Voice of the Customer) 69 (Managerial)
ER Codes 3 Clinical Outcome
IPSG 12 (Clinical)
Total number of Indicators being monitored 305+
45
Quality Tools:
Sentinel Event:
Apollo Hospitals Dhaka defines its Sentinel Event as an unanticipated death or Major permanent loss
of function, not related to the natural course of the patient's illness or underlying condition. The event
is one of the following:
i. an unanticipated death, including, but not limited to,
Pie Chart
Pareto Chart
250 100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
200
150
100
50
0
Cat 8 Cat 4 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 7 Cat 1 Cat 5 Cat 6 Cat 9
Fish Bone Diagram
People Methods
Materials Environment Measurements
Problem
Histogram
Symmetric Histogram
46
death that is unrelated to the natural course of the patients illness or underlying condition
death of a full-term infant; and
suicide;
ii. wrong-site, wrong-procedure, wrong-patient surgery;
iii. transmission of a chronic or fatal disease or illness as a result of infusing blood or blood products
or transplanting contaminated organs or tissues;
iv. infant abduction or an infant sent home with the wrong parents; and
v. rape, workplace violence such as assault or homicide of a patient, staff member, practitioner,
medical student, trainee, visitor, or vendor while on hospital property.
The Quality Assurance Department screens the sentinel event and completes a root cause analysis
that does not exceed 45 days from the date of the event or when made aware of the event.
Near Miss:
Near Miss is any process variation which did not affect the outcome but for which a recurrence carries
a significant chance of a serious adverse outcome.
Serious Adverse Events include
Major Hemolytic transfusion reactions
Serious adverse drug even and medication errors,
Major discrepancies between preoperative and postoperative diagnoses
Adverse events during moderate or deep sedation and anesthesia use
47
The Incident Report
Investigation into an Incident:
A Root Cause Analysis (RCA) shall be carried out by Quality Assurance Department for all Sentinel
events, as well as for events where the occurrence has a significant potential for undermining the
publics confidence in the organization
Any employee identifying /experiencing the
incident, or the employee to whom the
incident is first reported, shall be responsible
for initiating the Incident Report upon comple-
tion of the Incident
Report Form:
1. The form shall be acknowledged by the HOD
/Manager / Executive.
2. After screening the Incident Report shall be
forwarded to the office of Quality Assurance
for necessary actions within 48 hours
48
CHAPTER TEN
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIONS (PCI)
Infection control is everyones responsibility.....
Standard Infection Control Precautions (SICPs) are the basic infection prevention and control
measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of micro-organisms from recognised and
unrecognised sources of infection. These are intended for use by all staff, in all care settings, at all
times, for all individuals whether infection is known to be present or not to ensure the safety of those
being cared for, staff and visitors in the care environment.
1. Hand Hygiene
Hand hygiene is considered to be the single most important practice in reducing the transmission of
infectious agents, including Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI), when providing care.
Before performing hand hygiene:
Expose forearms;
Remove all hand/wrist jewellery;
Ensure finger nails are clean, short and that artificial nails or nail products are not worn; and
Cover cuts or abrasions (if any) with a waterproof dressing.
Fig: Your 5 Moments for hand hygiene
The five moments for hand hygiene in health care
Performing Hand Hygiene:
Hand hygiene should be performed:
Before touching a patient;
Before clean/aseptic procedures;
After body fluid exposure risk;
After touching a patient; and
After touching a patients immediate surroundings.
49
Alcohol Based Hand Rubs (ABHRs) should
be used for hand hygiene which is available
to staff as near to point of care as possible.

How to Handrub?
RUB HANDS FOR HAND HYGIENE! WASH HANDS WHEN VISIBLY SOILED
Fig: How to Hand Wash
8
4 5
6 7
Apply a palmful of the product in a cupped hand, covering all surfacas;
3
2 1a 1b
Duration of the entire procedure: 20-30 seconds
50
51
Duration of the entire procedure: 40-60 seconds
Wet hands with water;
0
Apply enough soap to cover
all hand survaces;
1
Rub hands palm to palm;
2
Right palm over left dorsum with
interlaced fingers and vice versa;
3
Palm to palm with fingers
interlaced;
4
Rotational rubbing of left thumb
clasped in right palm and vice versa;
6
Rotational rubbing, backwards
and forwards with clasped fingers
of right hand in left palm
and vice versa;
7
Backs of fingers to opposing
palms with fingers interlocked;
5
Rinse hands with water;
8
Dry hands thoroughly
with a single use towel;
9
Use towel to turn off faucet;
10
Your hands are now safe.
11
How to Handwash?
WASH HANDS WHEN VISIBLY SOILED! OTHERWISE, USE HANDRUB
Fig: How to Hand Wash
Hands must be washed with liquid
soap and water if:
Hands are visibly soiled or
dirty;
Exposure to spore forming
organisms such as Clostridium
difficile or a gastro-intestinal
infection e.g. norovirus, is
suspected or known.
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE provide adequate protection to staff against the risks associated with the procedure or task being
undertaken. PPEs include gloves, apron/ gowns, mask, and eye protection (goggles).
Gloves must be:
Worn when exposure to blood and/or other body fluids is anticipated/likely;
Changed immediately after each patient and/orfollowing completion of a clinical procedure or task;
Changed if a perforation or puncture is suspected;
Hand hygiene must be performed after gloves change/ removal.
Aprons must be:
Worn to protect uniform or clothes when contamination is anticipated/likely e.g. when in
direct care contact with a patient
Full body disposable gowns must be:
Worn when there is a risk of extensive splashing of blood and/or other body fluids e.g. for
care of barrier nursing patients and in the operating theatre; and
Changed between patients and immediately after completion of a procedure.
Surgical face masks must be:
Worn if splashing or spraying of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions onto the
respiratory mucosa is anticipated/likely;
It should be used only when indicated and while using it must be properly worn (fully
covering the mouth and nose);
52
And removed or changed;
at the end of a procedure/task;
if the integrity of the mask is breached, e.g. from moisture build-up after extended use
or from gross contamination with blood or body fluids.
Eye/face protection must be:
Worn if blood and/ or body fluid contamination to the eyes / face is anticipated / likely by
members of the surgical theatre team and always during Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGP)
3. Patient Placement/ Assessment for infection risk
The potential for transmission of infection or infectious agents should be assessed at the patients entry
to the care area and should be continuously reviewed throughout their stay and this should influence
placement decisions in accordance with clinical/ care need. The assessment for isolation requirement
is as follows:
Avoid unnecessary movement of patients between care areas.
Isolation requirement Patient placement
No need Patient choice
Protective Single private
Source
Airborne Negative pressure room
Droplet Single private
Contact Single private (preferred) or corner bed in ward
53
4. Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette is designed to contain respiratory secretions to prevent
transmission of respiratory infections:
Cover the nose and mouth with a disposable tissue when sneezing, coughing, wiping and
blowing the nose;
Dispose of all used tissues promptly into a waste bin;
Wash hands with liquid soap and water after coughing, sneezing, using tissues, or after contact
with respiratory secretions or objects contaminated by these secretions; and keep contaminated
hands away from the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose;
If tissues are not available, cover your nose and mouth with your shoulder or arm.
5. Management of Care Equipment
Care equipment can become contaminated with blood, other body fluids, secretions and excretions
and transfer infectious agents during the delivery of care. Care equipment is classified as either:
Single-use - used once then discarded. Must never be reused even on the same patient. (The only
exceptions are as per hospital SUD policy.)
Single patient use - for use only on the same patient.
Reusable invasive equipment - used once then decontaminated e.g. surgical equipment.
Reusable non-invasive equipment - reused on more than one patient following decontamination
between each use e.g. commode, patient trolley.
All sterilized packaged items must be checked for visible contamination, expiry dates and that the
package is intact.
54
Decontamination of reusable non-invasive care equipment must be undertaken:
between each use;
after blood or body fluid contamination;
at regular predefined intervals as part of an equipment cleaning protocol;
before disinfection; and
before inspection, servicing or repair.
All reusable non-invasive equipment must be rinsed and dried following decontamination then stored
clean and dry.
For further details, please see PCI Manual
6. Handling soiled linens
Clean linen should be stored in a clean, designated area, preferably an enclosed cupboard.
For all used linen (often referred to as soiled linen): ensure a laundry receptacle is available as
close as possible to the point of use for immediate linen deposit.
Any linen used during patient transfer e.g. blankets, should be appropriately segregated at the
point of destination.
Do not:
rinse, shake or sort linen on removal from beds;
place used linen on the floor or any other surfaces e.g. a locker/table top;
re-handle used linen once bagged;
overfill laundry receptacles; or
place extraneous items in the laundry receptacle e.g. used equipment /needles.
55
For all infectious linen i.e. linen that has been used by a patient who is known or suspected to be
infectious and/or linen that is contaminated with blood or other body fluids e.g. faeces; place directly
into a yellow bag and secure; then place in a laundry receptacle; or if the item(s) is heavily soiled and
unlikely to be fit for reuse following laundering then dispose of as healthcare waste.
Store all used/infectious linen in a designated, safe, lockable area whilst awaiting uplift.
7. Control of the Environment
It is the responsibility of the person in charge to ensure that the care area is safe for practice and this
includes environmental cleanliness /maintenance. The care environment must be:
free from clutter to facilitate effective cleaning;
well maintained and in a good state of repair; and
clean and routinely cleaned in accordance with the hospital cleaning protocol.
8. Management of blood and body fluid spillage
Spillages of blood and other body fluids are considered
hazardous and must be dealt with immediately.
9. Waste Disposal
Segregation of waste at source is very important and waste
disposal should be done in correct color bags as per
hospital policy. For the disposal of sharps use sharp box.
56
For other waste disposal use colour coded bins as follows.
57
10. Occupational Exposure Management (including sharps)
There is a potential risk of transmission of a Blood Borne Virus (BBV) from a significant occupational
exposure and staff needs to understand the actions they should take when a significant occupational
exposure incident takes place.
A significant occupational exposure is:
A percutaneous injury for example injuries from needles, instruments, bone fragments, or bites
which break the skin; and/or
Exposure of broken skin (abrasions, cuts, eczema, etc); and/or
Exposure of mucous membranes including the eye from splashing of blood or other high risk
body fluids.
56
Response to Accidental Inoculation with blood & body fluids and Needle Stick Injury
Management of Accidental Inoculation:
Fig: Management of Accidental
Inoculation injuries flow chart
Infection prevention and control team
Name..................................
Designation................................
Contact Number................................
Exposure incident reporting
Name...................................
Designation.................................
Contact Number.................................
YES
NO
YES
Report/document the incident to
staff clinic or ER after office hours
and during holidays and ensure
that any corrective actions or
interventions are undertaken
Ensure that the item that caused
the injury is disposed
Is skin/tissue
affected?
Are eyes/mouth
Affected?
Perform first aid to the exposed areas
immediately
Accidental Inoculation injury incident
Encourage the area to bleed
Do not suck the damaged skin
or tissue
Wash/irrigate with running
water and soap
Cover the area if necessary
Rinse/irrigate copiously with
water
Use eyewash facility if available
nearby
If contact lenses are worn,
remove then irrigate
59
B. The Quality Indicators of PCI are
1. Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections (CLABSI)
2. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
3. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)
4. Surgical Site Infection (SSI)
60
61
CHAPTER ELEVEN:
GOVERNANCE, LEADERSHIP AND DIRECTION (GLD)
Organogram:
62
CHAPTER TWELVE:
FACILITY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY (FMS)
Emergency Codes and Responses
Fire Safety:
Smoke Detector
Detects smoke
Conventional Type
Sprinkler
> 68 deg Celsius
FHC (Fire Hose Cabinet) :
Delivery Hose (15 meters)
Branch Pipe
Hose Reel (30 meters)
Fire Hydrant
Stretcher
Gas shut off valve
Only Nurses are authorized to close
the valves in case of fire
Hallways
Keep passage clear
Keep trolley in one side only
Stairways
No clutter,
Emergency lights for evacuation,
Follow Fire Exit signage
External Fire Tender Bay
Hydrant Point
Hose Real Box for providing water
Required for external fire fighting.
Fire Alarm
Break Glass Variety
Hooter
Smoke Door
Contains smoke horizontally
To be kept closed when fire and
smoke happens
When confronted with a fire, use the acronym
RACE to remember the correct procedures to follow:
Rescue those in immediate danger.
Alarm others in the area by activating the nearest fire
alarm. Call out CODE RED. Dial for help to explain
details and give exact location.
Confine the area of fire by closing all doors to
rooms/areas.
Extinguish the fire if small, or
Evacuate.
Fire Extinguisher:
Follow the acronym PASS to use a fire
extinguisher:
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
Send oxygen cylinder for refill when it shows 50
mark
Secure cylinders; use appropriate cover dress for
cylinders
Storage does not exceed the 18 sprinkler head
limit
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HAZMAT
What Is A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
A document that describes the properties of a product, any physical and health hazards associated
with the product, precautions of safe handling, storage and spill control. The MSDS lists Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) that should be used in order to work with the material safely. Fire and
first aid procedures are also listed on the MSDS.
What are Hazardous Materials?
Hazardous materials are chemical substances which, if released or misused, can pose a threat
to the environment, life or health.
Industry, agriculture, medicine, research, and consumer goods use these chemicals.
Hazardous materials come in the form of explosives, flammable and combustible substances,
poisons, and radioactive materials.
64
4. Rapidly vaporize and burn at atmospheric temperature and pressure
3. Inflammable when ignited 2.inflammable when heated moderately
1. Inflammable when preheated
several times
0.Materials dont burn
Hazmat Stickers
4. Lethal can lead to death
3. Serious or Permanent
Damage
2. Temporary Damage
1. Minor Irritation
0. No damage
4. Explosion at normal
temperature
3. Explosion with strong
initiation source
2. Violent reaction at high
temperature or pressure
1. Stable; but can become
unstable at high temperature
0. Stable; does not lead to fire
Special Consideration including violent reactions with water; special
disposition requirement; acid or alkali agents; agents with radiation risks
RED
FLAMMABILITY
WHITE
SPECIAL
(W OR OX)
BLUE
HEALTH
YELLOW
INSTABILITY
65
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66
67
What is Major Spill
Quantity
More than 30 ml of liquids
More than 30 grams of solid
Concentration
High concentrated Acid or Alkali
Characteristics of Spill
Flammable / Ignitable can lead to fire
Toxicity- can lead to inhalational or skin injury
Corrosive damage to skin and eyes
Substances like mercury spill.
Spill Management
What will you do in case of chemical splash on eye/body?
Any eye injured due to acid or chemical splash, do the following
Keep the eye open in front of the perforated fountain for 15 -
20 minutes
Rush to emergency for medical advice
Any chemical splash over the body, rush to the eye shower
area and pull the handle under the eye shower (we have 7 eye
shower in AHD) for 15 -20 minutes
Rush to Medical advice
68
1. How do you respond to Blood Spill?
Put appropriate signage in the area
Major Spill: Call 2200 (Hazmat activation) / cover the area with gauge / pads soaked in 1%
Sodium Hypochlorite. Keep it for 30 minutes. In case of Minor Spill call unit Housekeeping.
Hazmat Team shall clean the spill with appropriate PPE
2. How do you respond to Chemical Spill?
Immediately clear the area. Limit access to essential personnel only.
Major Spill: Call 2200 (Hazmat activation) Department; if there is threat to life or damage of
property, ensure steps of safety. In case of Minor Spill call unit Housekeeping.
3. How do you respond to Cytotoxic drug Spill?
Call Housekeeping and Pharmacy department
Radiation Safety Checklist
Wear the TLD badges at work
Know the recent TLD values
Do not fold lead apron; look for PM tag
Thyroid and Gonad Shields to be used
Periodic fluoroscopy Lead apron & other devices
Quality (radiation) controls for all equipments
Annual Health Check for all radiation workers to be
completed
Appropriate Signage in radiation area
Obtain Obstetric history for all women
prior to radiation
Radiation Safety Officer Md. Nahid Hosain
Inform overexposure and injuries
69
Laser Safety Guidelines
Selection of eyewear should be based on:
wavelength(s) being used
radiant exposure;
maximum permissible exposure (MPE);
optical density of eyewear;
visible light transmission requirements;
adequate peripheral vision; prescription lenses; and
comfort.
Alert
Dermatology
OT
Class 1
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT
LASER RADIATION
DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM
CLASS 2 LASER PRODUCT
LASER RADIATION
DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM OR VIEW
DIRECTLY WITH OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
CLASS 2M LASER PRODUCT
LASER RADIATION
AVOID EXPOSURE TO BEAM
CLASS 3B LASER PRODUCT
LASER RADIATION
AVOID EYE OR SKIN EXPOSURE TO
DIRECT OR SCATTERED RADIATION
CLASS 4 LASER PRODUCT
Class 2
Class 2M
Class 3B
Class 4
70
General Instruction
Current arrangements require all users of dermatology and OT departments using lasers to
have a Laser Eye Test annually.
A medical examination by a qualified specialist should be carried out immediately after an
apparent or suspected injurious ocular exposure.
Ladder Safety Guidelines
Check before using ladder; dont use wooden & damaged ladders
tag defective
Steps and rung tight and secure; settle ladder properly with
stakes or stout boards; use both hands going up down
Do not lean from ladders, use ladders in front of open door
Do not use ladder in high winds, keep it free from water, grease,
oil, wet paint or slippery materials
Do not carry bulky loads; do not overreach, do not slide down,
Do not use ladder in front of any door or traffic area
Do not use metal ladders with electric equipment
Do not use ladder if you are on medication or alcohol
71
Electrical Safety Guidelines
All repairing jobs shall be carried by electrician or biomedical engineers
Wire Safety-Wires with poor and deteriorated insulation shall not be used
Switch Safety- Staff shall switch off and disconnect any equipment that sparks or stalls
Personnel Safety -
Staff shall wear safety shoes & PPE where required
MEN WORKING signboards shall be placed on all switches before commencing work or Implement Lockout
Rubber mats shall be placed in front of electrical switch boards
Fire Safety - Staff shall not use water on live electrical equipment / wires in case of fire, sand
or blanket shall be used instead. Use CO
2
Fire Extinguishers Only.
Facility Review General Points
Is smoking allowed in any hospital building?
No
What would happen in the event of an electrical power failure?
All areas are equipped with emergency power to operate essential equipments; the electricity
supply is usually back within 20 seconds.
What would you do if there were a medical equipment failure?
Remove the equipment from service
Tag the equipment according to policy
Contact the Medical Technology Department
Facility Management Department
Raise an incident report.
72
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
STAFF QUALIFICATION AND EDUCATION (SQE)
Consultant / Other Doctors
1. Have a copy of your annual updated privileges
2. List of privileges need to be present at procedural areas
3. Updated CV, JD, Registration & Training Certificate need to be current
4. Know the benchmarks for Annual Evaluation
5. Training: Mandatory Safety Trainings (eg. Fire, Hazmat, BLS/ACLS/PALS)
6. Complete Annual Health Check & Vaccination
7. Know your rights and carry out your responsibilities.
Staff
1. Know your departmental organization chart
2. Keep a copy of your signed job description; know your KRA, KPI /Competency score; was
competency evaluated for your current job?
73
3. Participate and sign in your appraisal
4. Provide HR with updated CV (along with changed personal information), JD, additional certificates,
registration which are current
5. Complete Annual Health Check & Vaccination
6. Participate in Mandatory Trainings, Drills; did you do your eg. BLS, Fire, Hazmat & Biomedical
Training and other functional training and took part in evaluation process?
7. Know your rights and carry out your responsibilities.
74
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION (MOI): MEDICAL
RECORDS
A thorough and
accurate medical
record is evidence
that the doctor
provided appropriate
care and can be
strong evidence
that the physician
complied with the
standard of care.
75
Key to Best Practice in Documentation
H & P and OT notes to be counter signed by consultant
All signatures to carry the name, ID, date and time
All case records are to be filled completely with no column left unfilled
All drug chart entries to be made and signed by the physician with date and time
Non drug orders to be documented in the appropriate section of non-drug order form
Draw single lines across errors
Use not applicable where necessary while filling forms
Draw line across unused spaces
Important Books
Safety Manual Red book
ICU Manual Blue book
Infection Control Manual Green book
Radiation Safety Yellow book
76
MUST USE MEANING DO NOT USE RATIONALE
mcg Microgram g g can be mistaken for mg
Spell out: units Units U or u Could be read as a zero (0) or a four
(4)
1mg DO NOT
Use trailing zero
1.0 mg Misread as 10 times amount
intended if decimal point is not seen
0.5 mg Do use leading zero .5mg Misread as 10 times amount
intended if decimal point is not seen
q day, daily Every
Other Day
Every day, Every
other day
q.d., QD, q.o.d,
Q.O.D.
Mistaken for each other The period
after the Q can be mistaken for an I
and the O can be mistaken for an I
Spell out:
Morphine,
Magnesium Sulfate
Spell out :
International Units
Morphine, Sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate
IU for
International Units
MgsSO
4,
MS
IU
Can mean Morphine Sulfate or
Magnesium Sulfate
Mistaken for IV(intravenous or
10(ten)
ml c.c. for cubic
centimeters
c.c Mistaken for U(units) when written
poorly
Dangerous Abbreviation or Dose Designation
NOT TO BE USED in Medical Record.
77
JCI SURVEY PREPAREDNESS GUIDELINES
1. All Patient Care Units:
All patients have ID tags, legible and used
Color coded cover for linen; clean & dirty linen separated
Stain free:- Mattresses, curtains, bed linens, food trolley
Sharps containers secured, no sharps lying out
Call bell within reach, working and checked
Water in humidifier changed daily, date & time written
Grab bars placed in wash room, call bell working
Hazmat Item labeled, spill kits available
General environment- cleanliness, roominess
Hand wash available, are used
Crash Cart, medicine cupboards and lockers locked
Biomedical Equipment tags for PM available & current
Hallways clear for egress, trolley stored in one side
Floor is not cracked; No dampness in ceilings
Fire Extinguishers in place, PM tag available
Oxygen Shut off valves, labeled and operational
Weight & height machine calibrated, PM done
Side rails up; patient transported with safety belts
78
2. Documentation: (Unit Binders)
Floor Plan
Scope of services
SOPs if applicable
List of trainings
Narcotics List and list of consultant signatures
List of Junior Doctor Signatures
List of Nurses Signatures
Job Descriptions
Quality Indicators and graphs
PATIENT FEEDBACK ATR if any major complaint
INCIDENT REPORT ATR
List of approved abbreviations
DO NOT USE ABBREVIATIONS LIST
List of Interpreters
List of Religious Leaders
Critical Test Reporting Policy
Look Alike & Sound Alike Drugs List
79
3. Records: (Unit Binders)
Competency records
Training records
Glucometer check records
Narcotic records
Refrigerator/ defibrillator records
Crash Cart check records
Oxygen cylinder check records
Impress stock record
Support documents for recording of all quality indicators
Patient files completed and kept in locked drawers
4. Food and Beverage:
Food trays in hallways
Wear Hair cap
Temperature check
What to do when hand gets cut
Fridge Temp log, temp to maintain, what to do when temperature not within range
Nothing on floor and till ceiling
Open items have dates
No drips from AC/cooler
80
MSDS for cleaning materialswhere and what
Open bags secure
Separate clean & dirty dishes
Separate dry store, utility store and liquid area.
5. General Guidelines:
Obstructions of horizontal egress corridor.
Door to Storeroom should close properly.
Fire doors of stairwell should close properly.
Storage on top shelf should be less than 18 inches from ceiling or sprinkler system and nothing
on floor.
Dietary walk in freezer door should function properly.
AHU to remain locked.
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Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Emergency Hotline : 10678
Ambulance : 01714-090000
Appointment : (02)-8845242,
01841 APOLLO, 01729 APOLLO
01612 APOLLO, 01971 APOLLO
APOLLO Signifies : 276556
CALL CENTER : 09606276555
01713064593
01911555555
E-PABX : (02-8401661)
09606276556
FAX : (02)-8401679
Plot 81, Block E, Bashundhara R/A,
Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
www.apollodhaka.com