Pre Calculus 11

Problem Book

Title Page




Name:

Block:


2
Chapter 1 Operations with Radicals
1.1 Adding and Subtracting Radicals

*You should be able to demonstrate your understanding of these concepts without using a
calculator.

1. Review from Math 10: Convert to a mixed radical in lowest terms.
a. 48





b. 96 c.
3
54

2. Review from Math 10: Convert to an entire radical.
a. 6 3





b. 4 5 c.
3
2 5

3. Simplify.
a. 3 5 + 5 6 5





b. 6 7 2 3 10 3 + 7 c. 4 10 +6 7 + 10 14 7

4. Simplify by first reducing each radical to lowest terms.
a. 150 216













b. 3 20 45 +2 72
c. 98
1
2
20
1
3
18

5. Determine the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 27 + 12 and whose width is
32 + 18 .





3

1.2 Multiplying Radicals
*You should be able to demonstrate you understanding of these concepts without using a
calculator.

1. Multiply the following monomials. Simplify each answer.
a. 5 3
( )
4 2
( )






b. 32
( )
6
( )
c. 3 x
( )
4 x
( )


2. Write as a single radical in lowest terms.
a. 3 5
( )
2






b. 10
( )
2

c. 2 8
( )
3 3
( )
2 2
( )


3. Expand each expression. Write the answers in lowest terms.
a. 2 3 6 3 12
( )






b. 8 6 2 2
( )
c. a a + a
( )


4. Expand each expression. Write the answers in lowest terms.
a. 2 5 3 5 125 + 3
( )











b. 5+ 27
( )
1 12
( )

c. 11 2 +3
( )
2


5. Can you state the conjugate of a monomial expression, such as 2 3 ? Explain your answer.






4
6. When stating the conjugate of a binomail expression, do you change the negative sign to a
positive sign? For example, 2 + 3 becomes 2+ 3?







7. State the conjugate of each binomial expression.
a. 5 +1


b. 2 7 c. 18 + 3

8. Multiply each binomial expression by its conjugate. Simplify the answers.
a. 5 +1







b. 2 7 c. 18 + 3

9. What do you notice happens when a binomial is multiplied by its conjugate?








5
1.3 Dividing by Monomial Radical Expressions

*You should be able to demonstrate you understanding of these concepts without using a
calculator.

1. Simplify each part (the rational and then the irrational) of the fraction, and then divide.
a.
8 54
6 8






b.
96
2 3
c.
15 30
12 5


2. Simplify.
a.
6 150
24











b.
7 24
162

c.
a ab
3
b ab


3. Divide each term in the numerator by the denominator. Write each answer in lowest terms.
a.
48 + 96 108
12











b.
10 20 3 125
2 5


4. Think and explain: What happens when a radical is multiplied by itself? WHY does this
happen?








6
5. Simplify each fraction, with rationalized denominators.
a.
5
3






b.
3
4 6

c.
32
50


6. Express each fraction with a rational denominator. Radicals must be in lowest terms.
a.
7 + 3
3











b.
6 +2 3
3 2
c.
10 40 +8 45
2 5


7
1.4 Dividing by Binomial Denominators

*You should be able to demonstrate you understanding of these concepts without using a
calculator.
*For this section, use your knowledge of conjugates from section 2.

1. Recall .

A conjugate consists of ____ terms.

To create a conjugate, you ____________________________________________________.

When you multiply an expression by its conjugate, you ALWAYS get _____________________
as a result.

2. Simplify by rationalizing the denominator (case 1: monomial numerators).
a.
10
10 +2









b.
5
10 + 5
c.
2
12 8


3. Simplify by rationalizing the denominator (case 2: binomial numerators).
a.
11+3
11 3









b.
12 + 2
12 2
c.
6 15
3+ 15


4. Simplify by rationalizing the denominator.
a.
3 6 3
2 3 + 6











b.
5
2 a +5
c. Think:
*
* :)

8
Chapter 2 Relations and Functions

2.1 Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax + bx + c Using the Method of Decomposition


1. Factor by decomposition.


a. 2x + 7x + 6











b. 3w - 2w - 8

c. 14c - 13c + 3

d. 3y + 13y + 4











e. 32n - 20n + 3

f. 8p + 18p 5

g. 10w - 22w + 4











h. 20b - 34b - 12

i. 10a - 19a 15


j. 6c + 17c + 12











k. 30b - 3b - 9

l. 4j - 2j - 42

9

m. 18a +21a - 30











n. 72s + 11s - 6

o. When ax + bx + c is a
perfect square, how
are a, b,and c related?


2. For which values of k can each trinomial be factored?


a. 4w + kw + 3











b. 9x - kx + 1

c. x - 8x + k

3. (x + 2) is a factor of (circle all that apply):


a. x - 4











b. x + 22x + 40

c. 4x - 4x - 24x

d. 4x + 4x - 24x
4. A rectangular garden has an area of 12x - 5x - 2 square metres.
a. Write the area as a product of two binomials with integer coefficients.






b. Write the expression of the perimeter of the garden.





10
5. Marly wrote a 3 question quiz on factoring. The solution to her first question went as
follows:
6a + 7a 10 = 6a + 12a 5a -10
6a(a + 2) - 5(a + 2)
(a + 2)(6a + 5)

a. Her teacher said her answer was incorrect. Find Marly`s mistake and determine the
correct solution.





b. If Marly`s next question was 12a + 14a 20, what would her new solution look like?




c. If Marlys third question was 6a - 7a 10, what would her new solution look like?





11
2.2 Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax + bxy + cy

1. Factor ax + bxy + cy by decomposition.


a. y - 8yz + 16z










b. 6c - 9cd + 3d

c. 15a - 4ab 4b

d. 2x - 5xy + 2y










e. 9w + wx 10x

f. 10u - 29u + 10u

g. 2m - 3mn 35n










h. 3a - 23ab - 8b

i. 4r - 9rs 9s

j. 20g - 2gh 6h













k. 32x - 20xy + 3y

l. 18xy 21xyz 9xyz





12
2. For the trinomial 2w + kw 12, determine how many values possible values of k exist.
How do you know?











3. Consider the following, in which each letter represents a whole number.

14x + 19xy - 3y = (Tx + Ry)(Ax + My)

12x - 17xy - 5y = (Lx + My)(Vx + Ey)

2x - xy - 15y = (Lx + Hy)(Tx + Sy)

4x - 21xy 49y = (Lx + Uy)(Ox +Iy)









(-1) (7) (2) (-3) (-7) (5) (-1) (7) (3) (12) (-5) (1) (4) (-2) (5)

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __











13
2.3 Factoring Polynomials in the Form ax - by where a 0, b 0.

1. Factor the following polynomoials:


a. 4u - 9v









b. 36c - 49d

c. 64e - 81f

d. 25x - 36 y









e. 16m - 121n

f. 9r - 64s

g. 196e - 361f








h. c - 400d

i. 1 169w

j. 36gf - 100hf









k. 81x + 100y

l. 12a - 75b

m. 18b - 98c











n. 225ac - 16bd

o. 6xy - 150ab
14

p. 3c - 4d (leave in
radical form)


















q. p - ( )q


r. The following
polynomials
4x + 8xy 5y and
24x - 6y
have what common
factor?
2. Ten times the square of a number equals 40. Find the number.

















3. A room contains 112 chairs. The number of chairs per row is five less than three times
the number of rows. Find the number of chairs per row.
















15
2.4 Pattern Factoring 1: Factoring Trinomials in the Form a(f(x)) + b (f(x)) + c
where a 0

1. Factor completely where f(x) is a monomial


a. 4x - 5x - 6















b. 8x + 10x - 3

c. 24w - 13w - 2

d. 8y + 18y - 5
















e. 2c - 5c + 2

f. 5w - 7w + 2
16


g. 9y + 18y + 8
















h. 3w + 9w - 30

i. 6r - r - 12r
j. 20g + 70g + 60
















k. 4x - xy 14y

l. 4 - 9s 9s

2. For what integral values of k for which the polynomial x + kxy 36y can be factored?











17
3. The area of a tennis court is defined by the expression 10c - 29c + 10 square metres.


a. Determine the expression of the length and the width.








b. Determine the actual length and width if c = 20 metres.
















4. Factor completely where f(x) is a binomial.


a. 2(x + 4) + 8(x + 4)
+ 6



















b. (w + 1) + 10(w + 1)
+ 24

c. (g - 5) - 12(g 5) +
20
18

d. 7(a 3) - 4(a 3) - 3
















e. 9(w + 4) + (w + 4) - 10

f. (d + 2) - 6(d + 2) - 16

g. 4 (3x + 1) - 5(3x +1) + 1

















h. 6(w 4) - (w 4) - 2

i. 4(a - b) - 40(a b) + 00


j. (2 3x) - 8(2 3x) + 15




















k. 5(4y 3x) - 7(4y 3x) + 2
19
2.5 Pattern Factoring 2: Factoring Trinomials in the Form a(f(x)) - b(g(y)),
where a 0, b 0

1. Factor completely.


a. (a b) - c










b. (a b) - 9


c. (x + 3) - y












d. x - (2x 1)

e. 4(p + q) - 25












f. 16(c d) - 49


g. (2a + b) - 81













h. 4(x + y) - 25z

20

i. 4(x + y) - 25z














j. (2x 1) - (7x + 4)

k. (3p 7) - (8p + 2)















l. 25(3w y) - 81(2w 5y)

2. Determine the area of the shaded region if the side of the
smaller square is represented by (2x 3) metres inside a
square of side (3x + 4) metres








21
Chapter 2 Review


1. Factor Completely


a. 7w - 63








b. X + 16x + 48x

c. 2v + 11v + 5











d. 15r - 27r - 6

e. 2n + 3n - 9













f. 100 81w

g. 196c - 144d












h. 180m - 5
22


i. 20a - 45b












j. 72pq 98rq

k. x - 3x - 88













l. 3w - 20w + 28

m. 6y + 7y - 24












n. 4m - 20m + 25




23


o. 4(w + 7) + 7(w + 7) + 3













p. (2h 3) - 16(2h 3) + 48

q. 16(2x + 1) - 49(x + 2)














r. (p q) - (r + s)

2. Which of the following is not a factor of a - 13a + 36?

a. a + 9
b. a 2
c. a + 2
d. a 3

3. The factored form of p - (q r) is

a. (p q r)(p + q + r)
b. (p q r)(p + q - r)
c. (p q + r)(p + q - r)
d. (p q + r)(p + q + r)


4. Which of the following is a factor of 4(3x + 1) - 9(x + 2)

a. 3x 14
b. 3x + 8
c. 9x + 8
d. 21x + 22
24
Chapter 3 Quadratic Functions & Parabolic Graphs
3.1
2
y x = &
2
- y x =

1. Which functions are quadratic?
a)
2
3 7 2 y x x = + b) ( )
2
f x x x = + c) ( )
2
36 16 f x x = d)
( )
2
1
4 7 12
h x
x x
=
+

2. Graph each of the following on the grids provided:

2
y x =
2
y x =





















3. For the quadratic shown determine the following:
x-intercepts:
vertex:
axis of symmetry:
y-intercepts:
domain:
range:


25
4. For the quadratic shown determine the following:
x-intercepts:
vertex:
axis of symmetry:
y-intercepts:
domain:
range:


5. For the quadratic shown determine the following:
x-intercepts:
vertex:
axis of symmetry:
y-intercepts:
domain:
range:



6. For the quadratic shown determine the following:
x-intercepts:
vertex:
axis of symmetry:
y-intercepts:
domain:
7. range


26
3.2 ( )
2
y x p = &
2
y x q =
1. Write an equation that could correspond to each graph





2. Sketch each of the graphs on the grid provided:

2
2 y x =
















2
4 y x = +

( )
2
3 y x =
















( )
2
2 y x = +
27
3. Fill in the properties for each of the given equations
2
16 y x =
i) The direction of opening:

ii) Coordinates of vertex:

iii) The y-intercept:

iv) Max/Min Value:

v) Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi) Description of Transformations:



vii) Domain and Range:



viii) The x-intercepts (if any):




2
9 y x = +
i) The direction of opening:

ii) Coordinates of vertex:

iii) The y-intercept:

iv) Max/Min Value:

v) Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi) Description of Transformations:



vii) Domain and Range:



viii) The x-intercepts (if any):

( )
2
25 y x = +
i) The direction of opening:

ii) Coordinates of vertex:

iii) The y-intercept:

iv) Max/Min Value:

v) Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi) Description of Transformations:



vii) Domain and Range:



viii) The x-intercepts (if any):



( )
2
5 y x =
i) The direction of opening:

ii) Coordinates of vertex:

iii) The y-intercept:

iv) Max/Min Value:

v) Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi) Description of Transformations:



vii) Domain and Range:



viii) The x-intercepts (if any):






28
4. Find the equation of each parabola
vertex of (0,2) and passing through the point
(-3,11)







vertex of (0, -9) and x-intercepts 3
vertex of (4, 0) and y-intercept of 16






x-intercept of 7, y-intercept of 49, axis of
symmetry 7 x =
5. Write the equation of the following functions after each transformation has been applied to
2
y x =

A horizontal translation of 7 units right

A vertical translation of 2 units down





A vertical translation of 5 units up

A horizontal translation of 8 units left





6. How many x-intercepts may a parabola have? On the grids below give an example of each
possibility












29

7. Identify whether each table of values represents a linear function, a quadratic function, or
neither. Explain how you know.
a) b)
x y
0 -3
-1 -2
-2 0
-3 4
-4 12

x y
0 5
2 0
4 -7
6 -16
8 -27


30
3.3 ( )
2
y x p q = & ( )
2
y x p q =
1. Write an equation that could correspond to each graph:




2. Sketch each of the graphs on the grid provided:

( )
2
5 4 y x = +
















( )
2
3 4 y x = +

( )
2
6 5 y x =
















( )
2
4 3 y x = + +

31
3. Fill in the properties for each parabola
( )
2
2 25 y x = +

ix) The direction of opening:

x) Coordinates of vertex:

xi) The y-intercept:

xii) Max/Min Value:

xiii) Equation of axis of symmetry:

xiv) Description of Transformations:



xv) Domain and Range:



xvi) The x-intercepts (if any):




( )
2
1 16 y x = +

ix) The direction of opening:

x) Coordinates of vertex:

xi) The y-intercept:

xii) Max/Min Value:

xiii) Equation of axis of symmetry:

xiv) Description of Transformations:



xv) Domain and Range:



xvi) The x-intercepts (if any):

( )
2
7 11 y x =

ix) The direction of opening:

x) Coordinates of vertex:

xi) The y-intercept:

xii) Max/Min Value:

xiii) Equation of axis of symmetry:

xiv) Description of Transformations:



xv) Domain and range




xvi) The x-intercepts (if any):



( )
2
3 4 y x = + +

ix) The direction of opening:

x) Coordinates of vertex:

xi) The y-intercept:

xii) Max/Min Value:

xiii) Equation of axis of symmetry:

xiv) Description of Transformations:



xv) Domain and range



xvi) The x-intercepts (if any):



32
4. Write the equation of the following functions after each transformation has been applied
to
2
y x =

A horizontal translation of 3 units left and a
vertical translation of 9 units up

A horizontal translation of 5 units right and a
vertical translation of 7 units down




A vertical translation of 6 units down and a
horizontal translation of 2 units left

A vertical translation of 11 units up and a
horizontal translation of 13 units right



5. If the graph of
2
y x = passes through the point (-2, 4), give the location of the point after the
following transformations have been applied

A horizontal translation of 12 units left and a
vertical translation of 7 units down





A horizontal translation of 8 units right and a
vertical translation of 3 units up
A vertical translation of 5 units up and a
horizontal translation of 4 units left




A vertical translation of 16 units down and a
horizontal translation of 9 units right
6. Write the equation of each parabola

vertex of (3, -1), x-intercepts 2 and 4








Vertex (-1, 4), y-intercept 2

Vertex (2, -27), y-intercept -15






Vertex (3, -4), x-intercepts 1 and 5
7. Describe what happens to each graph
( )
2
3 y x p = + as p varies


( )
2
4 y x q = + as q varies
33
3.4
2
y ax =
1. Write an equation that could correspond to each graph





2. Sketch each parabola on the grid provided

2
2 y x =















2
1
2
y x =


2
3 y x =
















2
2.5 y x =

34
3. Find the equation of each parabola

Vertex of (0, 0) passing through (3, 18)

Vertex of (0, 0) passing through (4, -16)







Vertex of (0, 0) passing through (6, -9)

Vertex of (0, 0) passing through (2, 24)






Vertex of (0, 0) passing through (3, 5)

Vertex of (0, 0) passing through
( )
2, 6






4. Sketch each of the following on the grid provided

( )
2
2 4 y x = +
















( )
2
6 5 y x = +

35
3.5 ( )
2
y a x p q =
1. Write an equation that could correspond to each graph




2. Sketch the graph for each parabola on the grid provided
( )
2
2 4 3 y x = +















( )
2
3 3 4 y x = +
( )
2 1
4 2
2
y x = +















( )
2 3
3 4
2
y x = +

36
3. Fill in the properties for each parabola
( )
2
7 6 5 y x = +
i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Max/Min Value:

v. Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi. Description of Transformations:




vii. Domain and Range:



viii. The x-intercepts (if any):




( )
2 3
9 12
4
y x =
i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Max/Min Value:

v. Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi. Description of Transformations:




vii. Domain and Range:



viii. The x-intercepts (if any):

( )
2 5
3 5
4
y x = +

i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Max/Min Value:

v. Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi. Description of Transformations:




vii. Domain and Range:



viii. The x-intercepts (if any):





( )
2
3 1 54 y x =
i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Max/Min Value:

v. Equation of axis of symmetry:

vi. Description of Transformations:




vii. Domain and range



viii. The x-intercepts (if any):

37

4. Write the equation of the following functions after each transformation has been applied to
2
y x =

A vertical compression by a factor of
1
3
, a
horizontal translation of 4 units left and a
vertical translation of 7 units up





A vertical expansion by a factor of 5, a
reflection in the x-axis, a horizontal
translation of 13 units right and a vertical
translation of 11 units down





A vertical expansion by a factor of
7
4
, a
vertical translation of 11 units down and a
horizontal translation of 9 units left

A vertical compression by a factor of
1
8
, a
reflection in the x-axis, a vertical translation
of 17 units up and a horizontal translation of
12 units right





5. If the graph of
2
y x = passes through the point (5, -6), give the location of the point after
applying the following transformations in the correct order

- Vertical expansion by factor of 2
- Reflection in x-axis
- Horizontal translation left 4 units
- Vertical translation down 6 units





- Vertical compression by a factor of
1
2

- Vertical translation up 8 units
- Horizontal translation right 5 units

- Reflection in x-axis
- Horizontal translation right 9 units
- Vertical translation 2 units down
- Vertical expansion by factor of 3





- Vertical translation 4 units up
- Reflection in x-axis
- Vertical compression by factor
1
3


6. Write the equation of each parabola

With vertex (4, -1), that opens up, and is
congruent to
2
2 y x =

With vertex (-2, 3), that opens down, and is
congruent to
2
1
3
y x =


38
7. Find the equation of each parabola

Axis of symmetry is the y-axis and passes
through the points (2, 9) and (3, 14)

Axis of symmetry is the y-axis and passes
through the points (-2, 1) and (4, -5)





A parabola has a vertex of ( ) , 0 p and passes through the point ( ) 2 , p p .












39
3.6
2
y ax bx c = + +
1. Write each equation in the form ( )
2
y a x p q = +
2
6 8 y x x = +










2
10 14 y x x = + +
2
2 4 5 y x x = + +











2
2 4 7 y x x = + +
2
3 24 40 y x x = +













2
5 20 30 y x x =
( )
2
11 f x x x =











( )
2
1
2 7
2
h x x x = +







40
2. Determine the following characteristics for each parabola
2
6 10 y x x = +
i. The coordinates of the vertex:
ii. The equation of the axis of
symmetry:
iii. The coordinates of 2 other points on
the graph






2
3 6 8 y x x = +
i. The coordinates of the vertex:
ii. The equation of the axis of
symmetry:
iii. The coordinates of 2 other points on
the graph
3. Sketch each of the graphs on the grid provided:

2
10 28 y x x = + +
















2
4 8 1 y x x = +

2
10 23 y x x = + +
















2
3 18 24 y x x = +

41
4. Fill in the properties for each parabola
2
4 21 y x x =
i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Equation of axis of symmetry:

v. Domain and Range:



vi. The x-intercepts (if any):



2
10 13 y x x = +
i. The direction of opening:

ii. Coordinates of vertex:

iii. The y-intercept:

iv. Equation of axis of symmetry:

v. Domain and Range:



vi. The x-intercepts (if any):

5. Change each of the following from standard form to general form
( )
2
2 3 4 y x = + +








( )
2
4 2 8 y x = +
( )
2 1
4 9
2
y x =






( )
2 3
2 7
4
y x = +

6. What is the advantage of writing equations in standard form as opposed to general form?



7. Identify the errors in this solution of completing the square. Write the correct solution.
2
3 6 4 y x x = +
( )
2
3 2 4 y x x = +
( )
2
3 2 1 4 3 y x x = + + +
( )
2
3 1 7 y x = +
42
3.7 Solving Quadratic Equations
1. Solve the following by factoring
2
4 3 0 x x + =





2
56 0 m m =
2
5 18 0 x x =






2
6 17 14 0 x x + =
2
25 36 0 m =





4 2
13 36 0 x x + =

2. Solve each by completing the square
2
4 12 0 x x + =









2
6 7 0 x x + =
2
2 8 5 0 x x + =









2
9 16 0 x x + + =
2
2 9 0 m m + =
2
5 20 3 0 x x + =







43


3. Solve using the quadratic formula
2
6 4 0 x x + =










2
8 6 0 x x =
2
2 7 3 0 x x + + =









2
2 13 10 0 b b + =
2
3 4 0 x x =









2
2 9 1 0 a a =
55 6 x x =








2 20 21 x x =


44
3.8 The Discriminant
1. Find the value of each discriminant
2
11 24 0 x x + + =




2
4 2 0 x x + =
2
4 20 25 0 x x + =




2
2 5 8 0 x x + =
2
3 13 10 0 x x + =




2
7 12 6 0 x x + + =
2. Determine the nature of the roots of each equation
2
9 7 0 x x + =




2
4 36 81 0 x x + + =
2
6 22 20 0 x x + + =




2
2 7 5 0 x x =
2
5 8 4 0 x x + =




2
49 70 25 0 x x + =

3. For what value of k does each equation have two different real roots?
2
1 0 x kx + + =
2
4 3 0 kx x + =








45
4. For what values of m does each equation have two different real roots?
2
7 0 x mx + + = ( )
2
2 1 8 6 0 m x x + + =







5. For what values of p does each equation have no real roots?
2
4 0 x px =
2
8 9 0 px x + =







46
3.9 Solving Problems using Quadratic Equations
1. Antonino threw a ball from a bridge to the river below. The ball followed the path of a
parabola, approximated by the function
( ) 5 25 24 h t t t = + +
where t is the number of seconds that have passed since the ball was thrown and h(t) is the
height, in metres, of the ball above the river after t seconds
Find the height of the ball 3 seconds after it is thrown





Write the function in standard form








Find the maximum height reached by the ball




How many seconds did it take for the ball to reach its maximum height?



How high was the ball above the river before it was thrown?


How long until the ball hits the river?










47
2. The perimeter of a rectangular field is 84 metres and its area is 320 square metres. If the
length of the field is x metres long, form a quadratic equation and solve it to find the length
and width of the field










3. One positive number is 3 greater than 4 times another positive number. If the product of the
two numbers is 76 determine the two numbers.









4. A whole number is multiplied by 5 and added to 3 times its reciprocal to give a sum of 16.
Determine the number.









5. John is fencing a larger rectangular pen and creating 3
smaller pens of equal area (2 lengths and 4 widths). John
wants to maximize the area contained by the pens. John
plans on using 1200 m of fencing. What is the area and
dimension of the 3 smaller pens? The larger pen?








48
6. Carl is creating a holding area for his dragons.
He has 600 m of fencing to build the pen drawn
below. What is the dimension of the pen that
holds the maximum area?










7. A store owner buys a quantity of balls for $600. If they had each cost $0.25 less, she would
have had 10 more for the same money. How much did she pay for each ball?















8. Antonino cuts half of the front lawn. He mows a strip around the perimeter of the lawn.
Tripod cuts the rectangle left in the middle. If the lawn is 40m by 30m, how wide is the strip
cut by Antonino so that he and Tripod have done equal amounts of work?
49
Chapter 3 Quadratic Review
1. Graph each function, and give its domain and range
a) ( ) ( )
2
2 3 6 f x x = + + b) ( ) ( )
2 1
8 3
2
f x x =
2. Find the equation of each parabola
a) With vertex (-2, 0), y-intercept 4 b) with vertex (5, 0), y-intercept 25

3. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex (0, 0), which passes through each point
a) (2, 16) b) (-3, 15) c) (4, 12)

4. Find the equation of each parabola
a) With vertex (-3, 4), y-intercept -5 b) with vertex (4, -4), opens up, congruent to
2
1
2
y x =
5. Sketch each parabola showing:
i. The coordinates of the vertex
ii. The equation of the axis of symmetry
iii. The coordinates of two other points on the graph
a)
2
6 5 y x x = + b)
2
2 8 5 y x x =

6. Solve by factoring:
a)
2
5 14 0 x x = b)
2
4 32 0 m m + = c)
2
6 11 10 0 t t = d)
( )
2
3 22 4 1 x x x =

7. Solve by completing the square
a)
2
8 30 0 x x = b)
2
15 25 0 x x + + = c)
2
6 2 5 0 x x + = d)
2
5 2 0 x x + =

8. Solve using the quadratic formula
a)
2
5 11 12 0 x x + = b)
2
3 10 32 0 x x + = c)
2
12 29 14 0 x x + = d)
2
20 12 0 x x + =

9. Determine the nature of the roots for the following without solving or graphing
a)
2
6 1 0 x x = b)
2
16 8 x x + = c)
2
5 2 1 0 x x + + =

10. One side of a right triangle is 2 cm shorter than the hypotenuse and 7 cm longer than the
third side. Find the lengths of the sides of the triangle

11. The length if a rectangular picture is 5 cm greater than the width. Find the dimensions of the
picture if its area is :

a) 150 cm
2
b) 300 cm
2


50
Chapter 4 Rational Expressions and Equations
4.1 Excluded Values
1. Determine the non-permissible value for each rational expression:
a.
4
x
b.
3
2 x

+


c.
2
2
9
x
x

d.
( )
5 2
6 1
x
x x
+

2. For which value(s) of x is each expression undefined:
a.
2
1
9
x

b.
2
2 3
25
x
x

c.
( )( )
4 3
2 8
x
x x

+
d.
5
7 4
x
x

3. Reduce to simplest form, stating the restrictions of the variable:
a.
3 6
2
x
x
+
+



b.
4
7 28
x
x

c.
2
2
1
2 1
x
x x

+ +




d.
2
2
7 12
2 3
n n
n n
+



e.
2
3
3 15
2 50
b b
b b
+

f.
2
9
9
y
y y

4. The area of a soccer field is represented by square metres.
a. Find a simplified expression for the length of
the field if the width is represented by
metres





b. Calculate the area of the field if


51
4.2 Simplifying Rational Equations
1. Reduce to lowest terms, stating the non-permissible values of the variable:
a.
2
10
2
x
x

b.
4 8
2 4
x
x
+
+
c.
9
3 27
x
x

d.
8
8
x
x

e.
( )( )
2
6 54
9 9
x
x x

+

f.
5
10 2
x
x

2. Express in simplest form, stating the values of the variable for which the expression is
undefined:
a.
2
5 24
3
x x
x
+

b.
2
2
5 14
6 8
x x
x x
+ +
+



c.
2
2
49
7
x
x x

d.
2
4
2 11 12
x
x x

+






e.
2
2
32 2
2 4 16
a
a a

+
f.
2
4 2
2
5 4
y y
y y

+





3. Consider the rectangle shown:
a. Write a simplified expression for the width of the rectangle








b. If the perimeter is 48 metres, determine the value of









52
4.3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
1. Simplify
a.
2
9 8
4 3
r
r
b.
2
6 2
15 5
xy x


c.
2 5 4
2
3 8
12 6
a b a b
ab ab
d.
2
2 4
21 3
m n
n m

2. Simplify. State any restrictions on the variables
a.
( ) 7 3
2
.
3 4
a
a
a a

b.
( ) 4 3
12
1 5 5
x
x x

+ +


c.
3 2 10
5 3
x x
x x

d.
2 5 7
2
12 3
5 25
m n m n
m m

+





3. Simplify. State any non-permissible values:
a.
2
3 10 3 21
7 6 30
x x x
x x
+

+







b.
2
2 2
1
7 4 21
m
m m m m

c.
2 2
2
2 5 7 4
4 2 1
a a a a
a a a
+ +

+ +










d.
2
2 2 4
9 2 4 3 10
2 5 3
x x x x
x x x x x
+

+






4. Simplify. State any non-permissible values:
a.
( )
3
4 7
2 3
1
27
3 6 3 9
a
a b
a a ab

+


b.
2 2 2 2
2 2
16
6
20
4
x y x xy y
x y xy







53
4.4 Adding & Subtracting Rational Expressions (Part 1)
1. Simplify each expression (that means add or subtract as indicated)
a.
3
7 14
n n
+ b.
5 7 11
3 4 12
x x
+ +



c.
2 7
5 10
a a


d.
5 3
4 4
n n +
+



e.
4 2
3 3
c c +
f.
2 4 1
9 3
x x +
+



2. Simplify (Remember to reduce to lowest terms)
a.
9 2
x x


b.
3 5
4 4 x x
c.
2 4
3 3
a
a a

d.
7 5 1
6 2 3 x x x





e.
3 2 5
4 3 6 y y y
+ f.
3 2 1
8 3 6 m m m
+

3. Simplify each expression:
a.
5 3
2
a
a a


b.
2 1
3 2 m


c.
2
3 1
2 6 x x
+
d.
3 2
9 4 2
x x x

+ +

e.
2 3
9 7
3b b
+ f.
3 5 1
8 6 4
y
y y
+


4. Simplify. Express answers in lowest terms. State the non-permissible values.
a.
7 4
3 3 x x
+





b.
2 1
1 1 b b

+ +
c.
4 10
2 2
m m
m m

+
+ +

d.
2 5
2 1 x x
+









e.
2 4
3 1 y y

+ +
f.
6 2
3 1
n n
n n
+
+





54
5. Simplify
a.
6 3
2 4
m m
m

+
+





b.
1 4
8 2 3
a a
a a
+

+

c.
6 1 2
3 4
x x
x x x
+ +
+
+ +







55
4.5 Adding & Subtracting Rational Expressions (Part 2)
1. Simplify
a.
7 5
2 4 2 x x

+ +






b.
2
5 5 25
x x
x x
+
+ +




c.
1 4
5 15 2 6 x x

d.
3 4
2 20 10 a a
+







e.
4 1
3 x x
+
+
f.
2 6
5 9 y

2. Simplify
a.
( )( ) ( )( )
1 4
6 3 4 6 x x x x

+








b.
( )( ) ( )( )
2
1 4 4 2
x
x x x x
+
+ +


3. Simplify. State any non-permissible values.
a.
2
8 4
3 2 15 x x x
+
+
b.
2
20
4 4
x x
x x x

+

c.
2
6 2
49 7 a a
+
+






4. Simplify
a.
2
4 2 1
9 18 6
x x
x x x

+
+











b.
2
7 3
2 15 5
x x
x x x

56

c.
2
3 9
4 16
x
x x

d.
2 2
2
11 18 10 24
x x
x x x x
+

+ +







5. Simplify
a.
7
2
2
x
x

b.
2
6
5
x
x
+

6. Simplify. Reduce to lowest terms.
a.
2 2
3 2 10
11 24 11 30
x x
x x x x
+

+ + +

b.
2
2 2
4 20 3 6
2 35 12 20
x x x
x x x x

+
+ +








7. Simplify. State the restrictions on the variable.
a.
2 2
2 2
12 8 20
5 36 5 6
x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+
+
b.
2 2
2
4 1 2 35
2 9 5 3 15
x x x
x x x

+ +











57
4.6 Solving Rational Equations
1. State the non-permissible values of the variable, and solve the equation algebraically.
a.
5
15
x
=

b.
3
6
4x
= c.
24
8
x
=

d.
18
8
x
x
=

e.
90 2
5
x
x
= f.
7 7
4 x
=

2. State the non-permissible values of the variable, and solve the equation algebraically.
a.
1 6 7
8 x x
+ =


b.
9 4 1
6 x x
=
c.
3 4
5
3 x x
+ = d.
3 9
8 4
x x
x
= +




3. Solve the equation algebraically.
a.
5 5
7 3
x +
=



b.
4 1
2 9
x x +
=
c.
11
10
6
x
x =



d.
10 5
8 8
x x
x
+
+ =

4. Determine the values of x which makes it undefined. Solve, then check your answer.
a.
4 3
4 2 x x
=
+




b.
6 1
2 2 4 x x
=



5. Solve for the variable
a.
2
5
3
x
x
=

b.
3 1
4
5 4
x
x

=
+

58

c.
6
2
5
x
x
+ =
+
(Hint: Solve like a quadratic!)





d.
1
1
2 6 3
x
x x
=
+ +

e.
3 2
2
1 x x
+ =

f.
1 6
3
1 3
x
x x

=
+







59
4.7 Applied Problems using Rational Equations
1. Rob drove 308 km in the same time that Mary drove 329 km. If Mary drove and average 6
km/h faster
than Rob, calculate her average speed and the time taken for the journey.













2. The average speed of a car is three times as fast as a cyclist. To travel 225 km, the cyclist
requires 5
hours more than the car. Determine how long it took each vehicle to reach 225 km.














3. The average speed of an airplane is 4 times faster than the average speed of a train. To
travel 1440
km, the train takes 12 hours more than the airplane. Determine the average speeds of both
vehicles.











60

4. Pump C can fill a tank in 8 hours. Pump D can fill the tank in 6 hours. How long would it take
to fill the tank if both pumps are used?









5. Owen and Riley take 2 hours to rake the yard. Riley can do the job alone in 3 hours. How
long would it take Owen to do it by himself.












6. A rowboat travels 18 km away from the dock to do some fishing. There is a current of 6 km/h.
downstream, so it takes the same amount of time to travel 12 km downstream as it does to travel
8 km upstream. How long does it take to travel upstream back to the dock?












61
Chapter 4 Rational Expressions & Equations: Review Questions
4.1 Simplify each expression. State the non-permissible values for the variable:
a.
( )
3
4 7 x x
b.
2
6
121 x

c.
2
2 1
10 9
x
x x

+ +


4.2 Simplify each expression:
a.
2
2
3 28
9 14
n n
n n

+



b.
2
2
25
3 15
a
a a

c.
2
36 12
4 21
x
x x

+

d.
2
2
5 10
3 10 8
x x
x x

+




4.3 Simplify:
a.
( )
2
10 4
12
5 20 3
x
x
x x
+

+
b.
( ) ( )
( )
3 5 3 5
2 8 1
x x
x x

+

c.
2
2 3
3 2 6
9 2
b a
a b

d.
2 2
2
4 7 11 6
4 2 24
x x x
x x x
+

+


4.4 Simplify each expression:
a.
3 4
2 3 x x
b.
3 2 2 7 x x
x x
+

c.
3 1
2 3
x
x x

+

d.
2 5
1
x
x x

4.5 Simplify:
a.
2 3 3
2 8 4
x x
x x
+
+

b.
2
2 3
2 4
x
x x

c.
2
8 3 2 1
7 12 4
x x
x x x
+

+
d.
2 2
4 3 21
8 16 12 35
x x
x x x x
+
+
+ + +



4.6 Solve:
a.
2 3 3
2 4
x
= b.
2 1 1
5 2 x
+ =
c.
3
4 1
x
x x
=
+
d.
6
7
2
x
x
=

4.7
a. Happy Airlines flew their airplane 500 km against the wind in the same time it took to fly it 600
km with the wind. If the speed of the wind was 20 km/h, what was the average speed of the
plane?
b. Peter jogs 3 km, then walks 2 km farther than he jogged. He jogs twice as fast as he walks.
The total time was 2 hours. How fast does he walk?
62
5.1 Sine Law - Finding Angles and Sides(B3)

1. In each case, find the length of the indicated side to the nearest tenth.

a.

b.

c.









2. In each case, find the measure of the indicated angle to the nearest degree.

a.

b.




3. In each case, determine the length of side AB to the nearest tenth.

a.











b.


c.


63

4. In each case, determine the measure of the indicated angle to the nearest degree.

a.



b.

c.









5. In ABC, angle 49 A = , angle 57 B = and a = 8. Calculate b to the nearest tenth.







6. In LMN, angle LMN 114 = , LM = 123 mm and MN = 88 mm.
Calculate LMN, to the nearest degree.



7. From a point A the angle of elevation to the top of the hill is 16 . From point B, 950 m closer
to the foot of the hill, the angle of elevation to the top is 35 . Determine the height of the hill,
DC, to the nearest metre.








64
5.2 Sine Law - The Ambiguous Case (B3)


1. Explain what is meant by the ambiguous case of the sine law. Describe situations in which a
sine law problem may have no solutions, on solution or two solutions.


2. In each case, draw a rough sketch of the triangle. Without using the sine law, determine in
which of the following there is exactly one solution to the problem (ie/ there is only one
triangle which can be constructed from the given information)

a. Calculate C in ABC where
B = 29 , c = 8.2 cm and b = 6.7 cm
b. Calculate TSV in STV where
ST = 18 mm, YV = 14 mm and STV = 36







c. Calculate ABC in ABC where
ACB = 51 , AB = 3.9 m and AC = 4.7 m
d. Calculate PQR in PQR where
QPR = 48 , PQ = 4.9 cm and PR = 6.3 cm









3. Find all possible measures of C in the following triangles:
a. ABC where A = 31 ,a = 4.5 cm and c = 4.9 m



















65
b. ABC where A = 61 ,a = 7.5 cm and c = 5.8 m














4. In LMN, angle LMN = 42 , LN = 32 mm and LM = 42 mm.
Calculate all possible measures of angle MLN to the nearest degree.


















5. In EFG where GEF = 53 , EF = 7.2 cm and GF = 6.5cm.
Determine all the possible measure of GFE.


















66
5.3 Cosine Law - Finding Angles and Sides (B3)

1. For the triangle STV, write out the Cosine Law for:


a.
2
s =

b. CosV =


2. Find the length of the indicated side to the nearest 0.1 cm

a.






b.



3. Find the measure of the indicated angle to the nearest degree

a.

b.




c.




4. In ABC, angle 49 A = , b = 24 mm and c = 37 mm.
Calculate a to the nearest whole number.










67

5. Solve triangle ABC in which AB = 4.5 cm, BC = 7.8 cm and angle ABC = 79 .
Round sides to the nearest tenth of a cm and angles to the nearest tenth of a degree.














6. Eric and Simon have three trees in their garden. The trees form a triangle as shown in the
diagram. Determine the smallest angle between the trees.







7. Find the measure of all the angles in triangle ABC below:









68

5.4 Applications of Sine Law & Cosine Law (B3)


1. Two pine trees are 100m apart. Standing halfway between the trees the angles of elevation to
the tops are 21 and 39 . Determine the distance between the two trees.
Round to the nearest metre.













2. Determine the length of side BC. Leave as an exact value (no decimals!)











3. At 12 noon a ship sees a lighthouse at a distance of 15 Km at 50 NE. It sails 15km/h in a
direction 35 SW. Find the distance and direction of the lighthouse from the ship at 3pm.
Answer to the nearest whole number.















69

4. The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long and the hour hand is 10cm long.
To help you solve the following questions, sketch a diagram of each situation.


a. What is the angle between these hands at 5:00 am? Round to nearest degree.







b. What is the angle between these hands at 7:30 pm? Round to nearest degree.








c. What is the distance between the tips of these hands at 9:30 pm? Round to nearest 0.1 cm.










5. Anna and Jane are at Shuswap Lake. They plan to swim from a boat at point D to Copper
Island at point I and back to a different boat at point K. The boats are 168m apart.
The angles at each boat (to the island) are 64 and 70 . How far must each girl swim?










70

5.5 Angles in Standard Position (B1)


1. Sketch the following rotation angles in standard position and state the quadrant in which it
terminates.

a. 145



b. 240


c. 300


d. 80



2. What are the reference angles for the rotation angles in #1.
a. b. c. d.


3. Sketch the rotation angle and state the reference angle for:
a. 240



b. 310


c. 108


d. 17


e. 180


d. -200




4. Determine the reference angles for the following rotation angles.
a. 137 b. 237 c. -47 d. 352 e. 295



5. For each rotation angle determine the quadrant in which it terminates and its reference angle.
a. 190 b. 311 c. 31 d. 170 250




71
6. Sketch a diagram to show a reference angle of 40 in each of quadrants one to four.
State the measure of the rotation angle in each quadrant.













7. Let P(3,9) be a point on the terminal arm of the rotation angle in quadrant one.
State the coordinates of points Q, R and S which are on the terminal arms of the rotation
angles in quadrant two, quadrant three and quadrant four respectively.









8. Determine three angles between 0 and 360 which have the same reference angle as a
rotation angle of 134 .







9. Determine three angles between 0 and 360 which have the same reference angle as a
rotation angle of 307 .







10. Given the reference angle and the quadrant in which the angle terminates, sketch and state
the measurement of the rotation angle:
a. 30 Quadrant 2


b. 30 Quadrant 3


c. 55 Quadrant 4


d. 75 Quadrant 3




72

5.6 Trigonometric Ratios for Angles 0
o
to 360
o
and CAST(B2)

1. Sketch the rotation angle in standard position, and calculate the exact distance from the origin
to the given point. (answer in simplest radical form where appropriate)
a. Point P(-4, 4) on the terminal arm of angle

b. Point R(-2, -7) on terminal arm of B.







2. Point (9, 12) lies on the terminal arm of .
a. Calculate the value of r.


b. Use these numbers to determine the exact
values of the primary trigonometric ratios:

Tan =

Sin =

Cos =

3. Answer each of the following as an exact radical with a rational denominator:
a. Point Q(5,4) lies on the terminal arm of an angle . Calculate r, then determine the exact
values of sin , cos and tan .





b. The point (6, 12) lies on the terminal arm of . Determine the exact values of sin , cos
and tan .







4. An angle in standard position has its terminal arm in the stated quadrant. Determine the exact
values for the other two primary trigonometric ratios for each:
a.
2
cos
3
= Q.II b.
4
tan
5
= Q.IV c.
1
sin
3

= Q.III









73

5. What is the CAST Rule:






6. In which quadrant(s) does the terminal arm of lie if:
a. sin is negative b. cos is positive c. tan <0



d. both sin and tan are pos. e. cos >0 and tan <0 f. sin < 0 and cos < 0




7. Without using technology, determine whether the given trigonometric ratios are positive or
negative.
a. cos 320

b. sin 115 c. tan 18



d. sin 243

e. tan 355 f. cos 201




8. Rewrite as the same trigonometric function of a positive acute angle
a. sin 165 =


b. tan 97 =
c. cos 340 =


d. tan 240 =

9. Consider an angle in standard position where
3
sin
5
= and 0 360 . Explain and
carry out a strategy of how you would, without technology, determine the exact values

of cos and tan.












74

5.7 Applications of Reference Angles and the CAST Rule

When appropriate, write final answers with a rational denominator.

1. The point (8, -15 ) lies on the terminal arm of an angle in standard position. Determine the
exact trigonometric ratio for cos .








2. If
12
sin
13
= and 90 180 , then find the exact values of cos and tan .








3. If
3
tan
4
= and 0 180 , then find the exact value of sin ,








4. If
4
sin
7
= and cos is negative, then find the exact value of tan .







5. If
3
tan
5
= and terminates in the second quadrant, find sin .






75

5. For the following: use the trigonometric ratios to determine the reference angle and then
calculate any rotations angle when 0 360
a.
3
sin
2
=
b.
1
cos
2
=







c. cos 0.6753 =







d. sin 0.8090 =

6. Solve - find the measure of the rotation angles, where 0 360
a. sin 0.6485 = b. cos 0.8219 =







c.
4
tan
5
=
d. 6sin 1 =







e. tan 5 0 + = f. 4cos 3 0 =







7. Determine the measure of angle A if 0 360 A
a. tan 0 A = b. cos 1 A = c. sin 1 A =





76
5.9 Special Triangles and Special Angles
Draw your special triangles and fill in the chart for the special trigonometric ratios













0

90

Sin



Cos



Tan



1. Using the above information, reference angle method and CAST find the exact values of the
trigonometric ratios for the following angles.
a. tan 300 b. cos 135 c. cos 330 d. tan 120 e. sin 315



f. cos 150 g. tan 240 h. sin 225 i. cos 210 j. tan 180



k. cos 180 l. sin 180 m. tan 270 n. cos 270



o. sin 270


2. Without using technology, determine the reference angles and rotation angle(s)
a.
3
sin
2
= 0 360
b.
1
cos
2
= 0 180






c.
1
tan
3
= 180 360 d.
1
cos
2
= 0 360








77
3. Determine the exact measure of where 0 360
a.
2
cos
2
=


b.
3
sin
2
= c.
3
tan
3
=
d. sin 1 =



e. cos 1 = f. tan 1 =
g. cos 1 =



h. sin 1 = i. tan 0 =



4. Point (4, -4) is on the terminal arm of an angle A. Without using technology, determine the
value of angle A.










5. If
3
cos
2
= , and angle is not in the first quadrant, determine the exact value of tan .








6. If
1
cos
5
= , and tan 2 6 = , determine the exact value of sin .












78
5.9 Review / Extra Practice

1. Solve each PQR . Give answers to 1 decimal place.
a. 75 , 8, 11 Q r p = = = b. 52 , 28, 25 R r q = = =
c. 38 , 105 , 32 P Q p = = = d. 14, 17, 26 p r q = = =

2.

a. Determine the length of QS, to one decimal
place.

b. Determine the measure of angle QRS, to
the nearest whole degree

3. Use the information in the diagram to
determine the height of the totem pole.



4. Draw each angle in standard position, determine its reference angle, then find another angle
which is coterminal with it.

a. 135

b. 225

c. -37

d. 309

e. 42

5. Each point is on the terminal arm of angle . Find the exact values of sin , cos and tan :
a. P(4, 9) b. P(8, -15) c. P(-4, 7) d. P(-6, -5)

6. Find the values of the other two trigonometric ratios if:
a.
12
tan
5
= b.
5
sin
9
= c.
11
cos
21
=

7. Solve for to the nearest degree. 0 360

a. sin 0.7295 =

b. tan 5.1732 =
c.
3
cos
7
=

d. 2tan 7 0 =

e. 3sin 5 3 + =

f. sin 0.8290 =


8. Point P is on the terminal arm of angle . Determine the measure of angle .
a. P(-4, 9) b. P(-5, -3)

9. Without technology, solve for to the nearest degree. 0 360
a.
3
cos
2
=
b.
1
sin
2
=
c.
6
tan
2
=
d. cos 1 = e. sin 1 = f. tan 0 =

79
Chapter 6: Sequences and Series
6.1 Arithmetic Sequences
1. What are the next 3 letters in each sequence?
a. A C E G I



b. A B D G c. A B C B D B E B

2. Describe each pattern and predict the next 3 terms
a. 2, 4, 6, 8,



b. 1, 3, 9, 27,
c. 5, 10, 15, 20,



d. 2, 5, 8, 11,

3. Which of the sequences in #2 are arithmetic sequences? Write a formula for
n
t that will
generate each sequence.






4. Find an expression for
n
t (the general term) of each sequence.
a. 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,




b. 10, 8, 6, 4,
c.
1 1
2 2
5, 5 , 6, 6 ,...






d.
1 1 3
, , ,1,...
4 2 4


5. In each of the following sequences, the value of one term is given. Write the missing terms, if
the common difference is as indicated.

a. ___, ___, 1, ___, ___ 4 d =


b. ___, ___, 5, ___, ___ 2 d =

c. ___, ___, ___, 5, ___ 2 d =


d. ___, 2, ___, ___, ___
1
2
d =

80
6. Determine the indicated terms in each arithmetic sequence.
a. 1, 5, 11, 17,...
5
t ,
24
t ,
n
t






b. 7, 2, 3, 8,...
15
t ,
80
t ,
n
t






c. , 2 , 3 2 ,... x x a x a + +
n
t







7. Determine the number of terms (n) in each sequence.
a. 5, 8, 11, , 50








b. 51, 55, 59,..., 147

8. The third term of a sequence is 5 and the eighth term is 20. Find the first term (a) and the
common difference (d).






9. If 2 3 x + , 3 1, x + and 8 1 x form three consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence. Find
the value of x and the value of the three terms.

81
6.2 Arithmetic Series
1. Find the sum of each series:
a. 2 3 4 ... + + + (first 20 terms)








b. ( ) ( ) ( ) 9 5 1 ... + + + (first 15 terms)
c. 3 3.2 3.4 ... + + + (first 10 terms)








d.
9 25 23
...
2 6 6
+ + + (first 10 terms)

2. Find the sum of each series
a. 11 23 35 47 ... 179 + + + + +








b. 2 7 12 ... 92 + + + +
c. ( ) 29 21 13 5 ... 27 + + + + +








d. 3 5.5 8 ... 133 + + + +

3. A clock strikes once when its hour hand is at 1, twice when it is at 2 and so on. How many
times does the clock strike in six hours?










82
5. The sum of the first 5 terms of an arithmetic series is 85 and the sum of the first 6 terms is
123. What are the first 3 terms?












6. Consider the series defined by 4 1
n
S n = .
a. Determine the first 4 terms of the series.






b. Is the sequence arithmetic? Explain.





7. Are all sequences of the form
n
S an b = + arithmetic? Why?










83
6.3 Geometric Sequences
1. Is each sequence geometric? If it is, what is the common ratio?
a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,




b. 2, 4, 6, 10, 16,
c.
1 1
4, 2,1, , ,...
2 4





d. 0.6, 0.06, 0.006, 0.0006,
e. 3, 2, 7,12,17,...




f.
1 1 1
1, , , ,...
3 9 27


2. State the common ratio (r) and list the next 3 terms of each geometric sequence.
a. 1, 3, 9, 27,






b.
1
, 2, 8, 32,...
2

c.
9 9
36, 9, , ,...
4 16







d.
2
6, 2, ,...
3


3. Write the formula for
n
t for each question from #2 and then use that formula to find the
indicated term.
a.
n
t =


10
t =


b.
n
t =


7
t =


c.
n
t =


12
t =


d.
n
t =


6
t =



84
4. The population of a city is 16 million and is increasing about 4% per year. Show that the
yearly population forms a geometric sequence and predict the population in 10 years.






5. A ball is dropped from a height of 200 cm. It loses 30% from its height from each subsequent
bounce.
a. Show that the bounce heights form a geometric sequence





b. Predict the bounce height for the fifth bounce.




c. The number of bounces required so that the bounce height is less than 1 cm.





6. For the geometric sequence 3, 12, 48, 192, find which term is 12 288.






7. Find the first three terms of the geometric sequence with the third term 18 and the seventh
term 1458.






8. Fill in the blanks for each geometric sequence.

a. 4, ____, 16





b. 2, 12, ___, ____

c. ___, ___, 2, 1





d. 3, ___, ___, 125

85
9. If 3 x , 1 x + , and 4 2 x are consecutive terms of a geometric sequence. Find the value of
x and the value of the three terms.

86
6.4 Geometric Series
1. Use the formula for
n
S to find the sum of the first five terms of each geometric series.
a. 2 10 50 ... + + +






b. 4 12 36 ... + + +
c. 3 6 12 36... +






d. 12 6 3 ... + + +

2. Find the sum:
a. 2 6 18 ... 1458 + + + +







b.
3
48 24 12 ...
8
+ + + +
c.
1
32 16 8 ...
4
+ +








d.
1 1 1 16
...
384 192 96 3
+

3. If
( )
3 1 4
n
n
S = + , determine:
a.
1
S =

2
S =

3
S =

4
S =


b. The first 4 terms of the
series
c. Is the series geometric?



87
4. A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m above the floor. With each rebound, the ball loses
15% of its previous vertical height. Calculate the total vertical distance (up and down) travelled
by the ball when it contacts the ground for the fifth time.










5. In a geometric sequence the first term is 8 and the sum of the first three terms is 78. Find the
common ratio (r) and the second & third terms.













6. The sum of n terms of the series 2 8 32 .... 174762 + + + = . Find the number terms, n, in the
series. Hint: solve the equation by writing each side of the equation as an exponential equation
with a common base.





















88
6.5 Geometric Series Pt. 2
1. Determine the common ratio (r) and state whether a sum to infinity ( ) S

exists. Calculate the

sum where it exists.
a. 4 2 1 ... + + +







b.
1
6 1 ...
6
+ +
c. 1 1 1 1 ... + + + +







d. 1 1 1 1 1... + +
e. 10 9 8.1 ... + +







f.
3 3 3
...
4 8 16
+ + +
g.
5 10 20
...
3 9 27
+ + +







h. 1 0.1 0.001 ... + + +
i.
1
2 2 1 ...
2
+ + + +







j. 4 4 3 12 ... + + +







89
2. During the first week of production, an oil well produced 8000 barrels of oil. The production
drops by 2%/week.
a. Estimate the number of barrels produced in the 6
th
week.






b. Estimate the total number of barrels produced by the 6
th
week.






c. Estimate the total number of barrels produced before the well runs dry.







3. Write the repeating decimal as a fraction.
a. 0.2







b. 3.2
c. 1.12







d. 3.12

4. A power function is a polynomial that can be expressed as an infinite geometric series. For
each of the series below, for what values of x does the series converge? And, what is the series?
a.
2
1 ... x x + + +









b.
2 3
2 4 ... x x x + + +
c.
2
2 4
1 1
1 ... x
x x
+ + + +
90
Chapter 6 Review Assignment
1. Classify each sequence as arithmetic or geometric, and find the value of the common
difference (d) or the common ratio (r).
a. 13, 9, 5, 1,
b.
1 1
, ,1, 2,...
4 2

c. 18, 9, 4.5, 2.25,... d. 5,13, 21, 29,...

2. Find an expression for the general term,
n
t , of each sequence.
a. 2, 9, 16, 23, b. 2, 8, 32, 128,
c. 5, 15, 45,... d. 25, 23.5, 22, 20.5,...

3. Find
5
t in the sequence: 6, 2,... if the sequence is:
a. arithmetic b. geometric

4. How many terms are in each sequence?
a. 1, 4, 16, , 4096 b. 9, 13, 17, , 121
c. 35, 29, 23, , 91
d. 27, 9, 3, ,
1
243


5. For the series 3 1 5 9 ... + + + + , find
16
S

6. For the series 1 2 4 8 ... + + + + , find
21
S

7. For the series 8 4 2 1 ... + + , find S

8. In an arithmetic sequence, the third term is 19, and the fifteenth term is 17.
a Find the value of the first term and the common difference.
b. Find the sum of the first 15 terms of the sequence

9. In a geometric sequence, the third term is 50 and the sixth term is 6250.
a. Find the value of the first term and the common ratio.
b. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the sequence

10. After knee surgery, your trainer tells you to return to your jogging program slowly. He
suggests jogging for 12 minutes each day for the first week. Each week thereafter, he suggests
that you increase that time by 6 minutes per day. How many weeks will it be before you are up to
jogging 60 minutes per day?

11. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m. Each new bounce height is 20% lower than its
previous height.
a. How high does the ball bounce on its 6
th
bounce (the ball has touched the ground 6 times)
b. What is the total vertical distance traveled by the ball by the 6
th
bounce.
c. What is the total vertical distance traveled by the ball before it comes to rest.

12. A doctor prescribes 200 mg of medication on the first day of treatment. The dosage is halved
on each successive day for 10 days. To the nearest milligram, what is the total amount of
medication administered?


91
13. An oil well produces 5000 L of oil each day. The amount of oil produced by the well drops by
1% per day.
a. How much oil is produced on the 30
th
day?
b. How much oil in total is produced in the first month (assume 30 days)
c. How much oil is produced by the well in its lifetime?

14. If 3 x + , 2 1 x , and 7 2 x form consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence, determine
the value of x and the value of the three terms

15. If 2 m+ , 4 m+ , and 2 11 m+ are consecutives of a geometric sequence. Find the value of
m and the value of the three terms.



92
Chapter 7
7.1 Systems of Equations
1. Draw a linear-quadratic system that has:
a. No solution










b. 1 solution c. 2 solutions

2. Draw a quadratic-quadratic system that has:
a. No solution b. 1 solution c. 2 solutions d. Solutions










3. Solve by graphing:
a.
5
3 3
x y
x y
+ =
+ =


b.
2
1 2
4
y x
y x
=
=


y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
y
x
5
5
-5
-5
93

c.
( )
2
2
2 2
y x
y x
=
= +




4. Solve by substitution:
a.
4
3 2 2
x y
x y
+ =
=















b.
2
2
2
6
y x
y x
=
=

c.
6
2 4
y
x
y x
=
= +














d.
2
4
6
y x
y x
=
= +

94
e.
2
1
5
2
y x
y x
=
= +















f.
2
y x
y x
=
=


5. A perimeter of a rectangle is 13 cm and its area is 10 cm
2
. Determine the length and width of
this rectangle.












6. The length of a diagonal of a rectangle is 20 cm, and its area is 10 cm. Determine the
length and width of this rectangle.











95

7. Solve:
2
2
5 2 3
2 2 3
y x x
y x x
= +
= +

























8. In a geometric sequence
3 4
36 t t + = and
4 5
108 t t + = . Find the first term and the
common ratio for this sequence


96
7.2 Absolute Value as an Operator
1. Simplify/Evaluate:
a. 7


b. 2 5
c. 2 5 1





d. 4 2 5 2 3 +

2. Solve for x .
a. 4 2 x =




b. 1 5 x + =
c. 2 7 x =






d. 5 0 x =

3. Solve and graph the solution on a number line.
a. 2 5 x <






b. 1 5 x + >
c. 2 5 x






d. 5 3 x
e. 5 0 x






f. 5 0 x <


97
4. Write an absolute-value inequality whose solution set is each given graph.
a.




b.




c.



d.




5. Write an absolute-value inequality for each solution set.
a. { } | 1 7 x x






b. { } | 2 4 x x < <
c. { } | 2, or 6 x x x < >








d. { } | 2 x x
98
7.3 Graphing ( ) y f x =
1. In each case the graph of ( ) y f x = is shown, sketch the graph of ( ) y f x = and determine
the range of ( ) y f x = .
a.

b.


Range:

Range:
c.

d.

Range:

Range


99
2. ( ) y f x = is a continuous function with a domain
{ } | x x . The graph of ( ) y f x = is shown. Sketch
four possible graphs of ( ) y f x = on the grids below.







3. The graph of a quadratic function ( ) f x has the
domain { } | x x , range: { } | 4 y y , y-intercept of
5, and x-intercepts of 1 and 5.

On the grid provided, sketch a graph of ( ) y f x =







4. Consider a quadratic function ( ) y f x = with a y-intercept of 2. Sketch a possible graph of
( ) y f x = , if the range of ( ) y f x = is:
a. { } | 0, y y y



b. { } | 2, y y y

c. { } | 1, y y y


100
7.4 Graphing
1
( )
y
f x
=
1. The graph of ( ) y f x = is given. Sketch the graph of
1
( )
y
f x
= and complete the table
below.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.

ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=

iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=

v. Coordinates of the invariant points.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.

ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=

iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=

v. Coordinates of the invariant points.
c.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.

ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=

iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=

v. Coordinates of the invariant points.



101

d.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.

ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=

iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=

v. Coordinates of the invariant points.



e.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.


ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=


iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=


v. Coordinates of the invariant points.


f.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptote.

ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=

iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.

iv. Range of
1
( )
y
f x
=

v. Coordinates of the invariant points.



102
2. Graph the following functions and their reciprocals.
a. 2 y x = + and
1
2
y
x
=
+




b.
2
1 y x = + and
2
1
1
y
x
=
+



c.
2
1 y x = and
2
1
1
y
x
=




3. Which of the graphs in question #2 have no vertical asymptote? Why?









4. Describe what happens to the graph of
1
y
x a
=
+
as the value of a got larger? Got smaller?

103
Chapter 7 Review

1. Solve algebraically & graphically;
2
4
2 1
y x
y x
=
=


2. What value of b will make the system of equations
2
4
2
y x
y x b
=
=
have:
a. No solution?
b. One solution? (Tricky)

3. In a rectangle of area 18 cm
2
, the length of the diagonal is 3 3 cm. Find the length and the
width of the rectangle.

4. Solve for x:
a. 2 5 x + = b. 4 2 x =

5. Solve for x, draw your solution on a number line.
a. 1 4 x b. 3 7 x + >
6. In each case the graph of ( ) y f x = is shown, sketch the graph of ( ) y f x = and complete
the table.
a.

b.

Range:

Range:
Invariant point(s):

Invariant Point(s)

104
7. Given the function
2
( ) f x x = , why are the graphs of ( ) y f x = and ( ) y f x = the same?

8. Given the graph of ( ) y f x = , sketch the graph of
1
( )
y
f x
= and complete the table.

i. Equation of the vertical asymptotes.


ii. Domain of
1
( )
y
f x
=


iii. Equation of the horizontal asymptote.



iv. Coordinates of the invariant points.
(Estimate)



9. Given the function
2
( ) f x x = , why are the graphs of ( ) y f x = and
1
( )
y
f x
= not the
same?

10. Are there any functions so that the graph of ( ) y f x = and
1
( )
y
f x
= are the same?