EE-3183 LABORATORY PRACTICE IV

STUDY OF NUMERICAL OVER

CURRRNT RELAY









INSTRUCTED BY:
Mr. M.G.H. Wickramasingha.
GROUP MEMBERS:
P.D.M. Chandrasekara. NAME : S.A.D. Chathuranga.
S.H.T.D. Chandrasena. INDEX NO : 110081G
B.A.H. Chathuranga. GROUP : G-03
S.A.D. Chathuranga. FIELD : Electrical
W.L.D.M. Chathurangi. DATE OF PRE : 30/05/2014
DATE OF SUB : 13/06/2014
OBSERVATION SHEET
01. NAME : S.A.D. Chathuranga.
02. INDEX NO : 110081G
03. GROUP : G-03
04. DATE OF PRE : 30/05/2014
05. INSTRUCTOR NAME : Mr.M.G.H. Wickramasingha.


Expected Current Range

Observed values
Phase A Phase B Phase C
Pick up 0.95*I
s
I
s
*1.05 560 mA 620 mA 630 mA
Drop off 0.9* pick up

pick up*1 1.11 A 1.13 A 1.15 A

Curve Description

Operating time at 2 X I
s
TMS = 1
Expected Range (S) Observed Value (S)
STI30XDT 1.68 1.87 1.689
SI30XDT 9.52 10.53 9.339
I30XDT 14.3 15.81 14.00
VI30XDT 12.82 14.18 12.53
EI20XDT 24.66 28.67 25.04
LTI30XDT 114 126 115.6
DT [Set time T0>] +-5%+[0.02S-0.04S] 999.7

Current (A)
Operating Time (S)
TSM = 1 TSM = 0.5
2 9.359 4.969
3 6.209 3.181
4 4.899 2.488
5 4.239 2.130
6 3.823 1.909
7 3.499 1.757
8 3.270 1.639
9 3.078 1.540
10 2.936 1.479
11 2.818 1.419
12 2.742 1.358
13 2.626 1.319
14 2.562 1.277
15 2.488 1.249















Current (A)
Operating Time (S)
TSM = 1 TSM = 0.5
2 9.359 4.969
3 6.209 3.181
4 4.899 2.488
5 4.239 2.130
6 3.823 1.909
7 3.499 1.757
8 3.270 1.639
9 3.078 1.540
10 2.936 1.479
11 2.818 1.419
12 2.742 1.358
13 2.626 1.319
14 2.562 1.277
15 2.488 1.249

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
T
i
m
e

(
S
)

Current (A)
Operating time Vs Time
TMS=1
TMS=0.5
DISCUSSION
01. Discuss about the three stage Over Current Characteristics of the KCGG Relay
KCGG relay has three stages and this relay is used for time graded over current and earth fault
protection. These stages have threshold limits and time delays which are independent from each other
Furthermore, for phase faults and earth faults separate settings have defined (for phase faults - I>,
earth faults - Io>). Relay operates when the power frequency component of the current exceeds the set
threshold. These elements may be set as a low set overload protection and may be expected to have
relatively long associated time delays. In the first stage several inverse time curves and definite time
characteristics are available. In addition adjustable reset timer also provided for intermittent faults.
Stage 2 and 3 facilitates for instantaneous tripping using definite time setting. Therefore according to
user requirement, suitable characteristic can be obtained setting those parameters appropriately in three
stages.
Stage 2 & 3 proved definite time settings for instantaneous operation which can be disabled if not
required.
Therefore this relay can be used for providing overcurrent protection in various situations.
Three stages over current protection can be applied to,
1. Phase Fault Protection
2. Thermal over Load Protection
3. Earth Fault Protection
02. What are the advantages of having various time/ current Characteristics?
The way of using a relay protection in a power system may vary from place to place depending on the
applications. Rapid operation of relays must be needed in place where very expensive equipments are
installed. Same time slow operation is needed in order to regain the stability of the system after a fault
occurred. Further to have proper grading among relays, it is mandatory to have different time/ current
characteristics. Therefore having different time/current curve characteristics, proper discrimination
among equipments can be established.
STI30XDT short time inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).For use where relatively
short operation times are required to preserve system stability and where grading with downstream
relays is not required.
SI30XDT standard (moderately) inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).The standard
characteristic for co-ordination of protection on systems where the amount generation varies and for
providing back-up protection on transmission systems.
I30XDT inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).Slightly more inverse than the
SI30XDT curve, but also for co-ordination of protection on distribution systems and for back-up
protection for relays on other circuits. This curve will allow closer grading with some relays that do
not have an IEC standard curve.
VI30XDT very inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting).Being very inverse it allows for
longer operation times at low currents, or shorter times at high currents, than the previous two curves.
This characteristic is especially useful when co-ordinating a number of relays and where there is great
variation in fault current between relay locations.
EI20XDT extremely inverse curve (becomes constant time at 20x setting).Main use is for grading
with downstream fuses and upstream overcurrent relays on distribution and industrial systems. The
relay maintains its very inverse characteristic to higher current levels than electro-mechanical relays
and therefore, provides for closer grading with the fuse characteristic.
LT30XDT long time inverse curve (becomes constant time at 30x setting). Provides protection for
starting surges and overloads of short duration, but the cold load start/pick-up feature would be
considered the preferable solution for these applications. Most useful for grading with low voltage
system protection devices or for protecting neutral earthing resistors.
DT definite time characteristic Useful for achieving constant time grading steps over a wide current
range and for offering faster tripping times than inverse time protection at low multiples of current
setting. This characteristic is often used where there is no significant variation in fault level between
relay locations eg. In the case of earth fault protection of a resistance earthed system, or in the case of
low circuit impedance compared to source impedance.
03. Discuss the operation of IDMT Relay coordinate system.
The over load inverse time relay . It consists of an upper electromagnet that has been provided with
two windings one primary and the other secondary. Primary is connected to a current transformer in
the line which is under protection and is provided with eight tappings. These tappings are connected to
a plug setting bridge by which the number of turns to be used can be adjusted in order to have the
desired current setting. The second winding called secondary is energized by the induction effect and
is wound over the central limb of the upper magnet as well as it is spread over the two limbs of the
lower magnet. By this method, the leakage flux from the upper magnet entering the disc has been
displaced in phase from the flux entering the disc from the lower magnet. The deflecting torque is
produced on the disc in the fashion as already explained. The spindle of the disc carries a moving
contact which bridges two fixed contacts after the disc has rotated through a certain angle which has
been set before. Any setting for this angle is possible varying from 0 to 360. The variation of this
angle imparts to the relay, various time settings.
The speed of rotation of the disc is dependent upon the torque which in turn is dependent on the
current setting, when the load current increases from this setting it will increase the speed of rotation
of the disc resulting into decrease of operation time. Thus the time current characteristics of the relay
observe inverse-Square law. The definite minimum time characteristics of the relay are obtained by the
use of a saturated upper magnet. This ensures that there is no further increase in f1ux when the current
has reached a certain value and any further increase of current will not affect the relay operation. This
results in a flattened current time characteristic and the relay obtains its name as Inverse definite
minimum time lag (I.D.M.T.) relay.
The current time characteristics of the relay It represents the time required to close the trip contacts for
different values of over current. Its horizontal scale is marked in terms of current-setting multipliers
i.e. number of times the relay current is in excess of current setting