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17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 1

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17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 2
Deflection
Beamdeflection must be limited to:
=L / 360 for LL
=L / 240 for combined LL+DL.
Beamdeflection is caused by both bending and shear
Bending deflection governs long beams
Shear deflection governs short beams,
but is very small and usually ignored
1 Simple beamunder uniformload
2 Large bending deflection of simple beam
3 Small sear deflection of simple beam
4 Small bending deflection of short cantilever beam
5 Large shear deflection of short cantilever beam
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 3
1Deformedpartial beam
Assuming GBis parallel to FO
Then FG= AB, the unstressed length
and GH/AB= , the unit strain.
Since E=f/ f=E f=EGH/AB.
Due to similar triangles
GH/AB= c/r f = Ec/r
Since f=Mc/I Ec/r=Mc/I E/r=M/I 1/r = M/ EI
Moment -ar ea met hod
Developed 1868 by Otto Mohr in Dresden
2
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 4
1Deformedpartial beam
Assuming GBis parallel to FO
Then FG= AB, the unstressed length
and GH/AB= , the unit strain.
Since E=f/ f=E f=EGH/AB.
Due to similar triangles
GH/AB= c/r f = Ec/r
Since f=Mc/I Ec/r=Mc/I E/r=M/I 1/r = M/ EI
2Elastic curveAB of partial beam
Assuming angles in radians:
Radial angle d between mand nand
Tnagent angle between Aand B, yields:
dx= r d d/dx= 1/r = M/ EI d= Mdx/ EI
= d = Mdx/ EI. Hence
=A
m
/ EI
A
m
=Mdx= bending diagramarea between Aand B.
Slopetheorem
Theangle between tangents at A and B on the
elastic curveof abeamis themoment diagram
areabetween A &B, divided by EI
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 5
A
m
= Mdx= bending diagramarea between Aand B
x= lever armfromAto centroid of bending diagram
xd = x d
Thus
= xd = Mdx/ EI, or
=xA
m
/ EI
Deflectiontheorem
Thedisplacement of thetangent at B on the
elastic curveequals themoment of thebending
diagramareabetween A and B times thelever-
armx fromits centroid to A, divided by EI.
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 6
Deflectionformulas
( = slope of the tangent of the elastic curve and
the maximumdeflection.
1 Cantilever beamwith point load
= (PL)(L/2)/(EI) = 2/3 L
=1/2PL
2
/(EI)
=1/3PL
3
/(EI)
2 Cantilever beamwith uniformload
= (WL/2)(L/3)/(EI) = 3/4 L
=1/6WL
2
/(EI)
=1/8WL
3
/(EI)
3 Simple beamwith point load
= (PL/4)(L/4)/(EI) = 1/3 L
=1/16PL
2
/(EI)
=1/48PL
3
/(EI)
4 Simple beamwith uniformload
= (WL/8)(2/3 L/2)/(EI) = 5/16 L
=1/24WL
2
/(EI)
=5/384WL
3
/(EI)
3
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 7
Beamformulas
The formulas include for common beams:
M= bending moment
V= shear
= deflection
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 8
Steel beamwithpointload
Beamsupportsjoist point load(P=8k). Designfor stress
(F
b
=22ksi, checkdeflectionandredesignif required.
1 Beamdiagram
2 Loaddiagram(ignoreloadat supportswhichhasnoeffect
onshear, bending, or deflection)
Shear
V
a
=V
bl
=2(8)/2 V
a
=V
bl
=8k
V
br
=V
cl
=8-8 V
br
=V
cl
=0k
V
cr
=V
d
=R=0-8 V
cr
=V
d
=8k
Bendingmoment
M
max
=8(10) M
max
=80k
Requiredsectionmodulus
S=M/F
b
=80k(12)/22ksi S=44in
3
TryW10x45, S=49.1in3` 49.1>44, ok
FromAISCtable I =248in
4
Deflection(L=30(12) =360)
=(23/648)PL
3
/EI
=(23/648)8(360
3
)/[(30000)248] =1.78

all
=360/240=1.5 1.5<1,78, not ok
TryW18x35, S=57.6in
3
, I =510in
4
Deflection
=[(23/648)8(360
3
)]/[(30000)510] =0.87
1.5>0.87, ok
Note: theW10x45of 36span/depthratioistooshallow;
whiletheW18x35hastherecommendedratioof 20, is
lighter andmoreeconomical.
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 9
Steel beam(withmixedload)
Steel beamsupports8kjoist load+4kfl uniformDL
(beam, fir proofing&finish), L=30(12) =360, F
b
=22ksi
1 Beamdiagram
2 Loaddiagram(ignoreloadat supports)
Shear
V
a
=R=[2(8)+0.4(30)]/2 V
a
=14k
V
bl
=14-0.4(10) V
bl
=10k
V
br
=10-8 V
br
=2k
V
cl
= 2-0.4(10) V
cl
=-2k
V
cr
=-2-8 V
cr
=-10k
V
d
=-10-0.4(10) V
d
=-14k
Bendingmoment
M=10(14+10)/2+5(2)/2 M=125k
RequiredSectionmodulusS
S=M/F
b
=125k(12)/22ksi S=68in
3
TryW18x40, S=68.4in
3
68.4>68, ok
FromAISCtable I =612in
4
Deflection
W=wL=0.4(30) W=12k

max
=(23/684) PL
3
/(EI) +(5/384) WL
3
/(EI) *
* Combinedpoint loadanduniformload

max
=[(23/684)8(360)
3
+(5/384)12(360)
3
]/[(30000)612]

max
=1.1

all
=360/240=1.5in 1.5>1.1, ok
4
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 10
Deflectionvs. span
Theformulas
V=wL
M=wL
2
/8
=(5/384) wL
4
/EI
reveal:
V increases linearly withL
M increases quadratic withL
increases tothe4
th
power withL
If Ldoubles increase16times !
1 Beamwith =1
2 Double span with = 16
3 Short span: shear Vgoverns
4 Mediumspan: bending Mgoverns
5 Long span: deflection governs
17 Deflection CopyrightGGSchierle,2001-05 pressEsctoend, fornext, forpreviousslide 11
Deflection vs. I (moment of inertia)
64 1/64 4 Four boardsglued
8 1/8 3 Twinboardglued
2 1/2 2 Twinboard
1 1 1 Singleboard
I Typeof beam