Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
What is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances with all the
characteristics of the substance?
Correct Answer: an element
2. What particle(s) make up the nucleus of an atom?
Correct Answer: protons and neutrons
3. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is the __________.
Correct Answer: atomic number
4. Electrons tend to occupy the __________ energy level.
Correct Answer: lowest available
5. What determines the chemical behavior of an element?
Correct Answer: the valence electrons
6. Isotopes have the same number of __________ but different number of __________.
Correct Answer: "protons, neutrons"
7. What do the nucleus of some isotopes release during radioactive decay?
Correct Answer: radiation
8. What makes an element stable?
Correct Answer: if their outermost energy level is full
9. What makes an element stable?
Correct Answer: if their outermost energy level is full
10. A __________ is composed of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Correct Answer: molecule
11. Why does a water molecule have a bent shape?
Correct Answer: it's a polar molecule
12. What is an ion?
Correct Answer: a charged particle
13. What is an ion?
Correct Answer: a charged particle
14. What is the attractive force between two particles of opposite charge called?
Correct Answer: an ionic bond
15. What characteristic of a metal allows it to conduct electricity?
Correct Answer: it's metallic bond
16. Bases produce __________ in solution.
Correct Answer: hydroxide ions
17. : What is a solid that has particles arranged in regular geometric patterns?
Correct Answer: a crystalline structure
18. The change of state from a solid to a gas is called __________.
Correct Answer: sublimation
19. "When a gas cools, it __________ thermal energy in the process of __________."
Correct Answer: "releases, condensation"
20. "A __________ is a solid that has randomly ordered, densely packed atoms."
Correct Answer: glass
21. Which specialized area of Earth science is about objects beyond Earth's atmosphere?
Correct Answer: astronomy
22. Which of the following is not a specialized area of Earth science.
Correct Answer: biology
23. What is the study of Earth materials and processes called?
Correct Answer: geology
24. What type of scientist studies ocean currents and ocean chemistry?
Correct Answer: an oceanographer
25. A __________ studies groundwater and surface water.
Correct Answer: hydrologist
26. What is the partially molten layer of Earth called?
Correct Answer: the asthenosphere
27. What is the general composition of Earth's continental crust?
Correct Answer: granite
28. : What part of Earth is thought to be composed of iron and nickel?
Correct Answer: the core
29. The __________ includes organisms living on Earth and their environments.
Correct Answer: biosphere
30. What is technology?
Correct Answer: Technology is the application of scientific discoveries.
31. What is a hypothesis?
Correct Answer: A hypothesis is a suggested explanation of an observation.
32. The __________ is the part of an experiment that is changed by the person doing the
experiment.
Correct Answer: independent variable
33. What part of an experiment is used to show that results are due to the condition being
tested?
Correct Answer: the control
34. Graphs and charts of data can be used for __________.
Correct Answer: data analysis
35. What is the standard SI unit for measuring length?
Correct Answer: a meter
36. What is the standard SI unit of weight?
Correct Answer: a Newton
37. Which temperature scale is the standard in SI?
Correct Answer: Kelvin scale
38. A __________ is a simplified version of a system.
Correct Answer: model
39. What explains the behavior of natural phenomena?
Correct Answer: scientific laws
40. What is an example of an SI unit of area?
Correct Answer: m2
41. The equator circles Earth __________.
Correct Answer: halfway between the north and south poles
42. The north pole is __________ latitude.
Correct Answer: 90 º N
43. How are places on Earth located in an east or west direction?
Correct Answer: lines of longitude
44. : What is 0 º longitude called?
Correct Answer: the prime meridian
45. : What is the distance of 1[degree] longitude?
Correct Answer: it changes from 111 km to a point
46. How many time zones are on Earth?
Correct Answer: 24
47. How many time zones are in the United States?
Correct Answer: 6
48. If you travel west across the International Date Line you would move your calendar
__________.
Correct Answer: forward one day
49. A __________ projection has parallel lines of longitude and latitude.
Correct Answer: Mercator
50. What type of projection is best for mapping small areas or weather maps?
Correct Answer: conic projection
51. A __________ projection is made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a
piece of paper that touches the globe at one point.
Correct Answer: gnomonic
52. What type of map shows the elevation of Earth's surface?
Correct Answer: topographic map
53. What is a contour line?
Correct Answer: a lines that connect points of equal elevation
54. A __________ explains what the symbols of a map represent.
Correct Answer: legend
55. 1:24 000 is an example of a __________.
Correct Answer: fractional scale
56. The process of collecting data far above Earth's surface is called __________.
Correct Answer: remote sensing
57. What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Correct Answer: the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation
58. How does a Landsat satellite differentiate between objects on Earth's surface?
Correct Answer: "Features on Earth radiate warmth at different frequencies, which show
up as different colors on Landsat images."
59. What does GPS stand for?
Correct Answer: Global Positioning System
60. How many satellites are in the GPS?
Correct Answer: 24
61. What is the name of Alfred Wegener's hypothesis about moving landmasses?
Correct Answer: continental drift
62. The supercontinent from Wegener's theory of continental drift is called __________.
Correct Answer: Pangaea
63. Why did Wegener think that the Antarctic continent had been closer to the equator in the
geologic past?
Correct Answer: existence of coal beds
64. What was one reason that Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift was rejected?
Correct Answer: He could not explain what was moving the continents.
65. What type of technology do scientists use to map the topography of the ocean floor?
Correct Answer: sonar
66. A __________ is a device that can detect changes in the strength of the magnetic field.
Correct Answer: magnetometer
67. What two topographic features of the ocean floor were discovered only with the use of
sonar?
Correct Answer: mid-ocean ridges and deep-sea trenches
68. Rocks close to mid-ocean ridges are __________ rocks far from mid-ocean ridges.
Correct Answer: younger than
69. The thickness of ocean sediments that are close to a mid-ocean ridge is __________ the
thickness of ocean sediments that are far from mid-ocean ridges.
Correct Answer: less than
70. What is the study of Earth's magnetic record?
Correct Answer: paleomagnetism
71. What is the polarity of a magnetic field that has the same polarity as the present magnetic
field?
Correct Answer: a normal polarity
72. Harry Hess' theory of __________ explained how ocean crust is generated and destroyed.
Correct Answer: seafloor spreading
73. What causes the seafloor to spread?
Correct Answer: rising molten magma
74. The __________ states that Earth's crust and ridged upper mantle are broken into plates
that move at different rates and in different directions.
Correct Answer: theory of plate tectonics
75. Where do tectonic plates interact?
Correct Answer: at plate boundaries
76. : "When a divergent plate boundary forms on continents, a __________ forms."
Correct Answer: rift valley
77. What is the process called when one plate is forced beneath another at a convergent plate
boundary?
Correct Answer: subduction
78. What is thought to be the driving mechanism of plate movement?
Correct Answer: convection currents in the mantle
79. How are the convection currents set in motion?
Correct Answer: slab push and ridge pull
80. A place where two plates slide laterally past each other is called a __________.
Correct Answer: transform boundary
81. Which is not a characteristic of a mineral?
Correct Answer: organic solid
82. What is the correct atomic composition of quartz?
Correct Answer: two oxygen atoms and one silica atom
83. A __________ is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
Correct Answer: crystal
84. What is the molten material under Earth's crust called?
Correct Answer: magma
85. "When magma cools quickly __________ crystals form, and when it cools slowly,
__________ crystals form." Correct Answer: "small, large"
86. How do crystals of salt form?
Correct Answer: from solution
87. What are the common minerals called?
Correct Answer: rock-forming minerals
88. What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?
Correct Answer: oxygen
89. Which of the following is an arrangement of silica tetrahedra?
Correct Answer: sheet
90. What mineral group does gold belong to?
Correct Answer: native elements
91. What is an example of an oxide?
Correct Answer: magnetite
92. : What describes the way a mineral feels?
Correct Answer: texture
93. What is caused by the presence of trace elements in a mineral?
Correct Answer: color
94. A mineral's __________ is the color when it is powdered.
Correct Answer: streak
95. __________ is the measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.
Correct Answer: Hardness
96. What is the numerical value for the hardest mineral on Mohs' hardness scale?
Correct Answer: 10
97. "If a mineral breaks along distinct planes, it is said to have __________."
Correct Answer: cleavage
98. What happens to calcium carbonate when it is exposed to hydrochloric acid?
Correct Answer: It fizzes
99. What makes a mineral a gem?
Correct Answer: its rarity and beauty
100. Why does magnetite pick up small pieces of iron?
Correct Answer: It's magnetic.
101. What is the process by which rocks at Earth's surface break down and change?
Correct Answer: weathering
102. The removal and transport of weathered materials is known as __________.
Correct Answer: erosion
103. What type of weathering involves changes in the size or shape of the rock?
Correct Answer: physical weathering
104. The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks is called
__________.
Correct Answer: frost wedging
105. When rocks undergo chemical changes as the result of chemical reactions it is
called __________.
Correct Answer: chemical weathering
106. How does temperature effect chemical weathering?
Correct Answer: It affects the rate of weathering.
107. The chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances is called __________.
Correct Answer: oxidation
108. What human activity causes acid precipitation to form?
Correct Answer: burning of fossil fuels and motor vehicle exhaust
109. What type of climate does chemical weathering readily occur in?
Correct Answer: warm and wet
110. Physical weathering rates are highest in areas with __________.
Correct Answer: repeated freezing and thawing
111. "The __________ the total surface area, the __________ chemical weathering
that can occur."
Correct Answer: "greater, more"
112. Eroded materials that are transported are finally dropped in a process called
__________.
Correct Answer: deposition
113. What is formed by the deposition of large amounts of sediment into a body of
water by a river?
Correct Answer: a delta
114. What is NOT a feature of glacial erosion?
Correct Answer: a barrier island
115. What is a farming method that can reduce the effect of erosion?
Correct Answer: planting wind barriers
116. __________ is the loose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic
matter that covers bedrock.
Correct Answer: Soil
117. Soil that is located above its parent rock is called __________.
Correct Answer: a residual soil
118. Soil that has been moved to a location away from its parent rock is called
__________.
Correct Answer: a transported soil
119. What soil horizon has high concentrations of organic matter and humus?
Correct Answer: horizon A
225. What wind system occurs at 30 degrees north and south of the equator?
Correct Answer: the trade winds
226. What is the convergence of the trade winds from both hemispheres called?
Correct Answer: the intertropical convergence zone
227. "Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude westerly winds are called __________."
Correct Answer: jet streams
228. A __________ is a narrow region that separates two air masses of different
densities.
Correct Answer: front
229. "In __________, warm air displaces cold air and it develops a gradual frontal
slope."
Correct Answer: a warm front
230. "In the northern hemisphere, in a surface __________ system, air __________
and rotates in a __________ direction."
231. High-pressure systems are usually associated with __________ and low-pressure
systems are associated with __________.
232. A __________ is used to measure pressure.
Correct Answer: barometer
233. What type of instrument is used to measure wind speed?
Correct Answer: an anemometer
234. What is the network of weather stations located across the United States called?
Correct Answer: Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)
235. A __________ is a record of weather data for a particular location and time.
Correct Answer: station model
236. What do isopleths represent?
Correct Answer: lines of equal or constant values
237. A forecast that relies on numerical data is called __________.
Correct Answer: a digital forecast
238. A forecast that involves comparing current weather patterns to past weather
patterns is called __________.
Correct Answer: an analog forecast
239. What are four to seven day forecasts are based on?
Correct Answer: circulation patterns of the troposphere
240. What type of clouds produce thunderstorms?
Correct Answer: cumulonimbus
241. What is the first step of thunderstorm formation?
Correct Answer: an abundant source of moisture in the lower atmosphere
242. How are thunderstorms classified?
Correct Answer: by the mechanism that caused the air to rise
243. What type of thunderstorm is caused by advancing cold and warm fronts?
Correct Answer: frontal thunderstorms
244. Which is NOT a stage of a thunderstorm?
Correct Answer: condensing stage
245. What happens in the developing or cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
Correct Answer: Air rises vertically.
246. "As the instability of the air __________, the strength of the thunderstorm's
updrafts and downdrafts __________."
Correct Answer: "increases, increase"
247. "Thunderstorms that have intense, rotating updrafts are called __________."
Correct Answer: supercells
248. What causes lightning?
Correct Answer: friction between updrafts and downdrafts in a cumulonimbus cloud
309. Which is NOT a method of building coastal landforms above sea level?
Correct Answer: upwelling of sediments