2014

Introduction
to Dentistry
1st Year
By: Hummam Rihawi

[INTRODUCTION TO
ORTHODONTICS]
Pages: 8 Price: JD
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Introduction to orthodontics
Definition:
Ortho means straight and Dontics mean teeth. It is a branch
of dentistry that deals with the growth and development of the
face, oral structures, occlusion and with the diagnosis,
interception and treatment of occlusal anomalies or any dental
problem.

Q-What is the indication for orthodontic treatment?

1- Aesthetics: the appearance of the teeth

2- Functional:
A. Speech: some letters are affected by the position of
the teeth.
B. Mastication
C. TMDs (Tembro Mandibular Joints Dysfunction)

3- Prosthetics: Missing one of the teeth
or had to extract one tooth in the past.
In order to replace it, the patient has to
go to the orthodontist to put another tooth.
Sometimes the space would be too
narrow or too wide for the replacement,
so you have to deal with that.



4- Prophylactic: sometimes you have to
straighten the teeth to prevent the
development of another problem (Ex. if
the teeth were very severe crowded;
the patient would face a problem in
brushing, so it may leads to dental
caries).



Fig 1: Prosthetics, a type of
orthodontic treatment.
Fig 2: Prophylactic, another
type of orthodontic treatment.
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Malocclusion:
Features of dental alignment or occlusion at variance from the
ideal. For example if the patient has a malocclusion, he needs an
ortho treatment to have a normal occlusion.












The variations from the ideal:

1- Dental variation: the problem is in the teeth (Number
of the teeth, occlusion of the teeth etc.).


A- Intra-arch: (arch refers to the jaw, so inter arch means
the problems of each arch separately from the other)


1- Anomalies in the
teeth position





2- Impaction: the tooth
cant Erupt crowding


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3- Spacing: the space
between the teeth





4- Midline diastema: the
space between the upper
central incisors




B-Inter-arch: The problems between the two arches
tougher (in biting): It can be seen in 3 different 3D views:

1- Anterio-posterior view
2- Vertical incisor view
3- Transverse view:
-Incisal region (from canine to canine).
-osterior region(premolars and molars).


2- Skeletal variation: in the skeleton (Such as that the
upper jaw is prognathic)

-Incisal inter-arch variation:

1A- Anterio-posterior relationship: - BSI Definition (British
Standard Institute): (See the figure below for classification)
1- Class I
2- Class II:
A- Class II division 1
B- Class II division 2
3- Class III

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2A- Vertical Incisor relationship:
A- Increased Overbite
- Complete
- Incomplete
- Traumatic
B- Reduced Overbite
C- Anterior open bite

Overbite: The vertical overlap between maxillary and
mandibular incisor. On average it is the incisal third of lower
incisor.

3A- Transverse incisal relationship:
-Centre line discrepancy:-none coincidence of the center lines of the
maxillary and mandibular arches.

-Posterior inter-arch variation:
1- Anterio-posterior relationship:


Fig 3: The Angle Classification of Malocclusion
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- Angle classification: (see the figure below for reference)

A- Class I molar relationship
B- Class II molar relationship
C- Class III molar relationship













2- Vertical buccal segment relationship
-Lateral open bite: No vertical overlap between maxillary and
mandibular posterior teeth.

3- Transverse buccal segment relationship:

-Buccal crossbite: Where
the buccl cusps of maxillary
teeth.
The termmay be applied
to one or more teeth and
can be unilateral or bilateral.

-Lingual crossbite: There
the mandibular teeth
occlude lingually to the
palatal cusps of the
maxillary teeth. The term
may be applied to one or
more teeth and can be
unilateral or bilatera
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-Skeletal Variation:

Skeletal relationship: the relationship between maxillary jaw
and mandibular jaw and are divided into 3 classes:

A- Class I Skeletal relationship
B- Class II Skeletal relationship
C- Class III Skeletal relationship












Q1- What is the scientific definition of Orthodontics?



Q2- Name 3 types of Intra-arch for Malocclusion?



Q3- True or False: The vertical overlap between maxillary
and mandibular incisor is called Crowding?

....

Q4- The vertical overlap between maxillary and mandibular
posterior teeth is called?



Test Yourself:
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The only people who never fail..
..are those who never try.
-Ilka Chase