Sanford B.

Dole

Sanford B. Dole
Sanford Dole

Governor of Hawaii
In office
14 June 1900 23 November 1903
Appointed by

William McKinley

Preceded by

Position Established

Succeeded by

George Carter
President of Hawaii
In office
4 July 1894 14 June 1900

Preceded by

Position Established

Succeeded by

Position Abolished
Personal details

Born

23 April 1844
Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii

Died

9 June 1926
Honolulu, Hawaii

Political party

Republican Party

Spouse(s)

Anna Prentice Cate Dole

Sanford Ballard Dole (April 23, 1844 June 9, 1926) was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a
kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory. Serving as an enemy of the Hawaiian royalty and friend of the elite
immigrant community, Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture.

Sanford B. Dole

Early years
Dole was born April 23, 1844 in Honolulu to Protestant Christian missionaries from Maine in the United States. His
father was Daniel Dole (18081878) principal at Punahou School and mother was Emily Hoyt Ballard (18081844).
His mother died from complications within a few days of his birth. Dole was named after his uncle, Sandford K.
Ballard who was a classmate of his father's at Bowdoin College (and brother of his mother) who died in 1841. He
was nursed by a native Hawaiian, and his father remarried to Charlotte Close Knapp in 1846. In 1855 the family
moved to Kloa on the island of Kauai, where they operated another school.
Dole attended Punahou school for one year, and then Williams College in 18661867. He worked in a law office in
Boston for another year, and although he never attended law school, he received an honorary LL.D. degree from
Williams in 1897. In December 1880 he was commissioned as a Notary Public in Honolulu. Dole won the 1884 and
1886 elections to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom as a representative from Kauai.

Bayonet Constitution
In June 1887 local businessmen, sugar planters and politicians backed by the Honolulu Rifles forced the dismissal of
the cabinet of controversial Walter M. Gibson and adoption of the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It
limited voting rights to literate men of Hawaiian, European, or American descent while imposing income and wealth
requirements to vote for the House of Nobles, thus effectively consolidating power with the elite residents. In
addition, it minimized the power of the monarch in favor of more influential governance by the cabinet. Dole and
other lawyers of American descent drafted this document, which became known as the "Bayonet Constitution".
King Kalkaua appointed Dole a justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Hawaii on December 28, 1887, and
to a commission to revise judiciary laws on January 24, 1888. After Kalkaua's death, his sister Queen Liliuokalani
appointed him to her Privy Council on August 31, 1891.

End of the monarchy

The monarchy ended on January 17, 1893 after the Overthrow of the
Kingdom of Hawaii organized by many of the same actors involved in
the 1887 revolt. Although Dole declined to officially be part of the
Committee of Safety on January 14, he helped draft their
declaration.:589
Dole was named president of the Provisional Government of Hawaii
that was formed after the coup, and was recognized within 48 hours by
all nations with diplomatic ties to the Kingdom of Hawaii, with the
exception of the United Kingdom. His cabinet (called the "executive
council") included James A. King as minister of the interior, William
Owen Smith as attorney general, and banker Peter Cushman Jones as
minister of finance. Dole acted as minister of foreign affairs himself
until February 15, 1894. Later Samuel Mills Damon would serve as
minister of finance.

Provisional Government cabinet, (left to right)

James A. King, Dole, W. O. Smith and P. C.
Jones

With Grover Cleveland's election as President of the United States, the Provisional Government's hopes of
annexation were derailed for a time. Indeed, Cleveland tried to directly help reinstate the monarchy, after an
investigation led by James Henderson Blount. The Blount Report of July 17, 1893, commissioned by President
Cleveland, concluded that the Committee of Safety conspired with U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens to land the
United States Marine Corps, to forcibly remove Queen Liliuokalani from power, and declare a Provisional
Government of Hawaii consisting of members from the Committee of Safety.

Sanford B. Dole

On November 16, 1893, Albert Willis presented the Queen with Cleveland's request that she grant amnesty to the
Revolutionists in return for reinstatement. The Queen refused, and, according to Willis, demanded capital
punishment for those involved. On December 23, unaware that Cleveland had referred the matter to Congress, Willis
presented the Provisional Government with Cleveland's demand to restore the queen to the throne the Provisional
Government refused.
Queen Liliuokalani wrote in her book Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, that she did not demand capital
punishment.
The Morgan Report of February 26, 1894, concluded that the overthrow was locally based, motivated by a history of
corruption of the monarchy, and that American troops only served to protect American property and citizens and had
no role in the end of the Hawaiian Monarchy.
The Provisional Government held a constitutional convention and on July 4, 1894, established the Republic of
Hawaii.

President of the republic

Lorrin A. Thurston declined the presidency of the republic, and Dole
was chosen to lead the government instead. Dole would serve as the
first and only president from 1894 to 1898. Dole in turn appointed
Thurston to lead a lobbying effort in Washington, DC and secure
Hawaii's annexation. Dole was successful as a diplomat every nation
that recognized the Kingdom of Hawaii also recognized the republic.
President Dole and the Cabinet of the Republic
Dole's government weathered several attempts to restore the monarchy,
including an attempted armed rebellion, the January 24, 1895
counter-revolution. Leader Robert William Wilcox and the other conspirators were captured and sentenced to death,
but had their sentences reduced or commuted by Dole. The Queen abdicated and swore allegiance to the Republic of
Hawaii in February. While under arrest, she wrote, "I hereby do fully and unequivocally admit and declare that the
Government of the Republic of Hawaii is the only lawful Government of the Hawaiian Islands, and that the late
Hawaiian monarchy is finally and forever ended, and no longer of any legal or actual validity, force or effect
whatsoever."

Queen Liliuokalani provided a more detailed story of the events from her perspective in the later chapters of her
book.

Governor and federal judge

In March 1899 Henry Ernest Cooper, who had been chairman of the
Committee of Safety in 1893, became attorney general. President
William McKinley appointed Dole to become the first territorial
governor after U.S. annexation of Hawaii, and the Hawaiian Organic
Act organized its government. Dole assumed the office on June 14,
1900 but resigned November 23, 1903 to accept an appointment by
Theodore Roosevelt as judge for the US District Court after the death
of Morris M. Estee. He served in that post until December 16, 1915,
and was replaced by Horace Worth Vaughan. He also served on
commissions for Honolulu parks, and the public archives. He died after
a series of strokes on June 9, 1926. His ashes were interred in the
cemetery of Kawaiahao Church.

Dole, on left, continued as Governor of the new

Territory of Hawaii after the Hawaiian Organic
Act of 1900

Sanford B. Dole

Family and legacy

Cousin Edmund Pearson Dole (18501928) came to Hawaii to practice
as a lawyer in 1895, and became Attorney General of Hawaii from
1900 to 1903. Sanford Dole was the cousin once removed of James
Dole who came to Hawaii in 1899 and founded the Hawaiian
Pineapple Company on Oahu, which later became the Dole Food
Company. James' father Charles Fletcher Dole also came to Hawaii in
1909.
Dole Middle School, located in Kalihi Valley on the island of Oahu,
was named after him in April 1956, about a century after his father
founded the school in Kloa.[1] In the film Princess Kaiulani, his role
was played by Will Patton.

Dole with family members.

In Hawaiian, the pale and hair-like Spanish moss is called umiumi-o-Dole, meaning "Dole's beard".
Wigglesworth Dole
(17791845)

Daniel Dole
(18081878)
George Hathaway
Dole
(18421912)

Sanford Ballard
Dole
(18441926)

Elizabeth Haskell
(17881877)

Nathan Dole
(18111855)

Elizabeth Dole
(18151863)

Isaiah Dole
(18191892)

Charles Fletcher Dole

(18451927)

Nathan Haskell
Dole
(18521935)

Edmund Pearson
Dole
(18501928)

James Drummond
Dole
(18771958)

References
[1] (Dedication speech)

Further reading
Ethel Moseley Damon (1957). Sanford Ballard Dole and his Hawaii: With an analysis of Justice Dole's legal
opinions (http://books.google.com/books?id=AesuAAAAIAAJ). Published for the Hawaiian Historical Society
by Pacific Books.
Helena G. Allen (June 1988). Sanford Ballard Dole: Hawaii's only president, 1844-1926 (http://books.google.
com/books?id=SRZzAAAAMAAJ). A. H. Clark Company. ISBN978-0-87062-184-0.

Sanford B. Dole

Political offices
Precededby
Liliuokalani
as Queen of Hawaii

President of Hawaii
1893 1900

Republic of Hawaii annexed by United States

First

Territorial Governor of
Hawaii
1900 1903

Succeededby
George R. Carter

Territory of Hawaii established

Legal offices
Precededby
Morris M. Estee

US District Court Judge

19031915

Succeededby
Horace W. Vaughan

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Sanford B. Dole Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=601077807 Contributors: 808change, A3RO, Alicekim53, Amjaabc, Antares Geminorum, Aoi, Arjuna909, Aspects,
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Sanford B. Dole holding newspaper.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sanford_B._Dole_holding_newspaper.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: unknown
Image:Hawaii Provisional Government Cabinet (PP-28-7-012).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hawaii_Provisional_Government_Cabinet_(PP-28-7-012).jpg
License: Public Domain Contributors: not given
File:President Dole and his Cabinet.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:President_Dole_and_his_Cabinet.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: not given
Image:Sanforddoleinauguration.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sanforddoleinauguration.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Frank Davey
File:Sanford B. Dole and family-restored.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sanford_B._Dole_and_family-restored.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors:
Sanford_B._Dole_and_family.jpg: derivative work: PaweMM

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