507 39 Solutions-Instructor-manual Ch17 DRCS

Design of RC Structures Dr. N.
Subramanian
1

Solution Manual for Chapter 17
Exercise 17.1 - Design of cantilever tread slab staircase
A straight staircase with independent steps cantilevering from the face of the wall has to be designed for
a residence. Given data are: width of flight = 1.5 m, tread = 275 mm, riser = 160 mm. Use M25 concrete
and Fe 415 steel and assume mild exposure.

Solution

Step 1: Calculation of Loads
Given effective length = 1.5 m, T = 275 mm, R = 160 mm
To have marginal overlap between adjacent tread slabs, let us assume the actual width of tread slab, B =
275 + 10 = 285 mm.

Assuming the thickness at support, t = L/10 =1500/10 = 150 mm
Let us adopt a depth of 80 mm at the free end and 150 mm at the support. Hence average thickness =
(80 + 150)/2=115 mm
Dead Load:
(a) Self weight of tread slab = 82 . 0 ) 285 . 0 115 . 0 ( 25 = = bt
c
m kN/
(b) Finishes (assumed as 0.6 kN/m
2
) = 0.6 0.285 = 0.171 kN/m
-----------------------
Total dead load = 0.991 kN/m
Factored dead load = 1.5 0.991 = 1.49 kN/m
Imposed Load:
As per IS 875 (Part 2), imposed load on stairs liable to overloading is 5 kN/m
2
and 1.3 kN at free edge of
cantilever.
Hence for case (1) factored imposed load = 1.5 (5 0.285) = 2.14 kN/m
for case (2) = 1.5 1.3 =1.95 kN

Step 2: Calculation of B.M.

B.M. due to dead load = 1.49 1.5
2
/2 = 1.68 kNm
B.M. due to imposed load = 2.14 1.5
2
/2 = 2.41 kNm
or 1.951.5 = 2.93 kNm (governs)
Hence M
u
= 1.68 + 2.93 = 4.61 kNm

Step 3: Check for depth
69
25 285 138 . 0
10 61 . 4
6
=

== =
ck
u
kbf
M
d mm < (150 mm cover)
Hence adopted depth is sufficient.

Step 4: Design of Reinforcement
Assuming a clear cover of 20 mm (Table 16 of IS 456) and bar diameter of 10 mm, effective depth, d =
150 - 20 - 10/2 = 125 mm
Design of RC Structures Dr. N. Subramanian
2

035 . 1
125 285
10 61 . 4
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
From Table 3 of SP 16 for M25 concrete, with f
y
= 415 MPa
p
t
= 0.3022%. Hence 100 / 125 285 3022 . 0 =
st
A = 108 mm
2

Provide three 8 mm diameter bars,
Area provided = 3 50 = 150 mm
2
> 108 mm
2
; Provided 42 . 0
125 285
100 150
=
=
t
p
Distributors:
(A
st
)
min
= 0.0012 bt (For Fe 415 bars, Clause 26.5.2.1)
= 0.00121000 150 = 180 mm
2
/mm (Assuming uniform slab thickness)

Spacing of 8 mm bars = (50.2 1000)/180 = 278 mm
Provide 8 mm diameter distributors at 270 mm c/c

Step 5: Check for anchorage
Required Anchorage length (Clause 26.2.1),
b
b y
a
d f
L
t 4
87 . 0
= = 323
) 6 . 1 4 . 1 ( 4
8 415 87 . 0
=

mm
Each of the main bars must be anchored into the supporting wall for a length of 325 mm with an L bend.

Step 6: Check for shear (Usually will not be critical)
Factored shear force at support = (1.49 + 2.41) 1.5 = 5. 85 kN
164 . 0
125 285
1000 85 . 5
=
= =
bd
V
u
v
t N/mm
2
v c
t t > = 44 . 0 30 . 1 Clause 40.2.1.1. of IS 456)
Hence safe in shear.
Detailing of tread slab is shown in Fig.17.28

Fig. 17.28 Detailing of isolated steps of cantilevered stair
Note:
(1) It is important to provide proper chairs to the top bars to ensure that they remain in top face
during concreting.
(2) As the cantilever steps transfer considerable moment to the supporting wall, the wall has to be
designed to resist the additional moment due to the cantilever steps.
(3) During seismic loading, there may be reversal of stresses, and to resist it, bottom reinforcement
as shown in Fig.17.28 is necessary.

3

Exercise 17.2 Design of Cantilever Slabless Stair
Design the cantilevered staircase given in Exercise 17.1 as a slabless stair.

Solution

Step 1: Calculation of loads

From Exercise 17.1, we have T = 275 mm, R = 160 mm and L = 1.5 m
Let us assume a slab thickness of 100 mm [see Fig. 17.29(a)]
With 20 mm cover, 10 mm diameter bars and 8 mm diameter stirrups
d = (160 + 100) - 20 - 8 - 10 /2 = 227 mm

Fig. 17.29 Tread-riser stair (a) Typical unit, (b) detailing
Load on typical tread and riser unit
Dead Load
(a) Self weight = 25 (0.275 0.1 + 0.16 0.1) = 1.09 kN/m
(b) Finishes (assumed 0.6 kN/m
2
) = 0.6 0.275 = 0.17 kN/m

Imposed Load
As given in Exercise 17.1, imposed load
For Case 1 = 1.5 (5 0.285) = 2.14 kN/m
For Case 2 = 1.5 1.3 = 1.95 kN

Step 2: Calculation of B.M.

As given in Exercise 17.1, the bending moment will be critical for the concentrated imposed load.
Hence B.M. = 1.89 1.5
2
/2 + 1.95 1.5 = 5.05 kNm

Step 3: Design of reinforcements

Ignoring the contribution of flanges, and considering only the rectangular section, we have b = 100 mm,
d = 227 mm
98 . 0
227 100
10 05 . 5
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
4

From Table 3 of SP 16, for M20 concrete with f
y
= 415 MPa, p
t
=0.285%
Hence A
st
= 0.285 100 227 / 100 = 64.7 mm
2
Provide 2 - #8 bars on top (A
st
provided = 250.2 = 100.4 mm
2
)
Anchorage length = 323 mm as in the previous Exercise.

Distributors
Assuming mild steel bars
(A
st
)
min
= 0.0015(bt) = 0.0015 1000 100 = 150 mm
2
/m
Spacing of 6 mm bars = 28.27 1000 / 150 = 188 mm
Provide 6 mm bars at 180 mm c/c in the form of closed stirrups with an 8 mm bar placed transversely at
each bend as shown in Fig. 17.29(b).

Exercise 17.3: Design of stair with slab cantilevering from spine beam
Design a staircase consisting of 10 steps having 280 mm tread and 150 mm rise and two landings. Width
of the staircase is 1300 mm and the length of each landing is 1300 mm. The arrangement of staircase is
shown in Fig.17.21. Assume imposed load as 4 kN/m
2
, mild exposure, and use M25 concrete and Fe 415
steel.

Solution
Step 1: Design of Step

The effective cantilever length of the step = 1300 /2 = 650 mm
Assume depth = L/10 = 650/10 = 65 mm, adopt 75 mm
Self weight = 25 (0.28 0.075) = 0.525 kN/m
Finishes (0.6 kN/m
2
assumed) = 0.6 0.28 = 0.168 kN/m2

Imposed Load
Case (1) = 1.5 4 0.28 = 1.68 kN/m
Case (2) = 1.5 1.3 = 1.95 kN

BM due to dead load = 1.04 0.65
2
/2 = 0.12 kNm
BM due to imposed load = 1.68 0.65
2
/2 = 0. 355 kNm
or 1.95 0.65 = 1.268 kNm (governs)
Hence M
u
= 0.22 +1.268 = 1.49 kNm
Required depth = 39
25 280 138 . 0
10 49 . 1
6
=

mm < (75 mm-cover)

Adopt a total depth of 75 mm, with clear cover = 20 mm (Table 16 of IS 456 - mild exposure) and 10 mm
diameter bar.
d = 75 - 20 - 10/2 = 50 mm
128 . 2
50 280
10 49 . 1
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
From Table 3 of SP 16, for M25 concrete and f
y
= 415 MPa
p
t
= 0.663%, A
st
= 0.663 280 50/100 = 93 mm
2
5

Provide three 8 mm bars at top. Provide 6 mm bars at 250 mm as distribution steel as shown in
Fig.17.30. From Table 65 of SP 16, L
d
for M20 concrete and 8 mm bar = 376 mm < 1300/2. Hence
anchorage is sufficient.

Fig. 17.30 Cantilevered step from Spine Beam-Exercise 17.3 (a) Spine beam with steps (b) Section X-X

Step 2: Design of beam

Length of stair = 10 280 = 2800 mm
Length of two landings = 1300 2 = 2600 mm
Total length = 5400 mm
Less width of cross beam = 300 mm
---------------------
Effective length of beam = 5100 mm

Weight of steps = 25 1.3 0.075 = 2.44 kN/m
Assume self weight = 25 0.5 0.25 = 3.13 kN/m
Add extra for finishes = 1.0 kN/m
--------------------
Total dead weight = 6.57 kN/m
Live load = 4 kN/m

Total factored load = 1.5 (4 + 6.57) = 15.86 kN/m
56 . 51
8
1 . 5 86 . 15
8
2 2
=
= =
wL
M
u
kNm
Required depth 245
25 250 138 . 0
10 56 . 51
6
=

== =
ck
u
kbf
M
d mm
Provide overall depth as 400 mm with effective depth as 360 mm
59 . 1
360 250
10 56 . 51
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
From Table 3 of SP 16, for M25 concrete and f
y
= 415 MPa,
p
t
= 0.479%, Hence A
st
= 0.479 360 250/100 = 431.1 mm
2
Provide two numbers 16 mm bars and one number 12 mm bars (A
st
provided, 515 mm
2
) at bottom and
two 8 mm bars at top as hanger reinforcement.
6

Design for shear

Critical shear force occurs at a distance of effective depth from the support.

Hence 73 . 34 36 . 0
2
1 . 5
86 . 15 )
2
( =
|
.
|
\
|
= = d
L
w V
u
kN
Nominal shear stress
386 . 0
360 250
1000 73 . 34
=
= =
bd
V
u
v
t N/mm
2

Percentage of reinforcement at critical shear zone = 515 100/(250 360) = 0.57 %
Allowable shear strength, from Table 19 of IS 456,
c
= 0.512 N/mm
2
v
<
c
and
v
<
cmax
(3.1 N/mm
2
as per Table 20 of IS 456 for M25)
Hence only nominal shear stirrups need to be provided. Select two-legged 8 mm bars
Spacing 415
250 4 . 0
415 100
4 . 0
=
= =
b
f A
s
y sv
v
mm > 300 mm (max.)
Hence provide two-legged 8 mm bars at 300 mm spacing.
Note: The landing slab has the same cantilever span as that of the steps. Hence provide 75 mm depth
and 8 mm bars at 250 mm spacing at the top face of the landing and provide 8 mm bars as 300 mm
spacing as distribution steel.

Exercise 17.4 Design of transversely spanning waist slab type stair
Design a waist slab type staircase with a straight flight supported by two stringer beams along the two
sides. Assume an effective span of 1.50 m, a riser of 150 mm and a tread of 275 mm. Assume imposed
load of 4 kN/m
2
. Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel. Assume mild exposure.

Solution
Step 1: Calculate the loads
Given: Effective length, L = 1.50 m, R = 150 mm, T = 275 mm
Hence 313 275 150
2 2 2 2
= + = +T R mm
Let us assume a waist slab thickness of 80 mm. Clear cover as per Table 16 of IS 456: 20 mm (mild
exposure). Let us assume 10 mm bars.
Hence effective depth = 80 - 20 - 10/2 = 55 mm
Loads acting vertically over each tread width are calculated as below:
(a) Self weight of slab = 25 (0.08 0.313) = 0.63 kN/m
(b) Self weight of step = 25 (0.15/2 0.275) = 0.52 kN/m
(c) Finishes (assumed) = 0.6 0.275 = 0.17 kN/m
(d) Imposed load = 4.0 0.275 = 1.10 kN/m
____________
Total load, w = 2.42 kN/m
Factored load = 1.5 2.42 = 3.63 kN/m

Step 2: Calculation of Bending Moment
Factored load causing flexure in the transverse direction
= w cos = 19 . 3
313
275
63 . 3 =
|
.
|
\
|
kN/m
7

Distributed factored load per meter width along inclined slab
19 . 10
313 . 0
19 . 3
= =
u
w kN/m
Maximum bending moment at mid span
87 . 2
8
5 . 1 19 . 10
8
2 2
=
= =
L w
M
u
u
kNm/m

Step 3: Design of reinforcement
95 . 0
55 1000
10 87 . 2
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
From Table 2 of SP 16 for M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel
p
t
= 0.28 %, A
st
= (0.28/100) 10
3
55 = 154 mm
2
/m
Required spacing of 8 mm bars = 50 10
3
/154 = 325 mm
Maximum permissible spacing = 3d = 3 55 = 165 mm
Provide 8 mm diameter bars @ 165 mm spacing as shown in Fig.17.31.
Distributors:
Assuming 6 mm mild steel bars
Minimum A
st
= 0.0015 bt = 0.0015 1000 80 = 120 mm
2
/m
Spacing of 6 mm bars = 28.3 10
3
/ 120 = 235 mm
Provide 6 mm mild steel bars at 230 mm c/c

Fig. 17.31 Transversely supported waist slab stair-Exercise 17.4 (a) configuration, (b) detailing

Exercise 17.5 Longitudinally supported dog-legged stair
Design the waist slab for the staircase similar to that shown in Fig.17.32. Assume rise of step = 175 mm,
Tread = 300 mm, width of stair = 1.2 m, weight of finishes = 0.75 kN/m
2
. Use M 25 concrete and Fe 415
steel. Assume mild exposure and stairs not liable for over crowding.

8

Fig. 17.32 Longitudinally supported Waist type stair of Exercise 17.5
Solution

Step 1: Calculate the loads
Given R = 175, R = 300mm
Hence 347 300 175
2 2 2 2
= + = +T R mm
Gradient of staircase, tan = 175 /300 = 0.583, hence = 30.26
o
As the landing slab is supported on three sides, as per Ahmed et al (1995,1996)
Effective span = 9 0.3 = 2.7 m
Assume a waist slab thickness = L/20 = 2.7 1000 / 20 = 135 mm
Assuming 20 mm clear cover (Table 16 of IS 456) and 12 mm main bars,
Effective depth, d = 135 - 20 - 12/2 = 109 mm
Loads on the going of stair (on the projected plan area)
(a) Self weight of waist slab = 25 (0.135 347/300) = 3.90 kN/m
2
(b) Self weight of steps = 25 (0.175 /2) = 2.19 kN/m
2
(c) Finishes (given) = 0.75 kN/m
2
(d) Imposed load (as per IS 875 Part 2) = 3.00 kN/m
2
------------------
Total load = 9.84 kN/m
2
2
Loads on landing
(a) Self weight of slab = 25 0.135 = 3.38 kN/m
2
(b) Finishes (given) = 0.75 kN/m
2
(c) Imposed load = 3.00 kN/m
2
-------------
2
2
Step 2: Calculation of Bending Moment
45 . 13
8
7 . 2 76 . 14
8
2 2
=
= =
wL
M
u
kNm
Required depth 63
25 1000 138 . 0
10 45 . 13
6
=

== =
ck
u
kbf
M
d mm < 109 mm
Assumed overall depth is O.K.
9

Step 3: Design of reinforcement:
132 . 1
109 1000
10 45 . 13
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa

Hence from Table 3 of SP 16, for Fe 415 steel and M25 concrete,
p
t
= 0.332%. Hence A
t
= 0.332/100 1000 109 = 362 mm
2
/m
Required spacing of 8 mm diameter bars = (50.2 10
3
)/362 = 138 mm
Maximum spacing = 3d = 3 109 = 327 mm
Hence provide 8 mm diameter bars at 130 mm c/c

Distribution steel:

A
s
= (0.12/100) 1000 135 = 162 mm
2

Assuming 8 mm diameter bars

Spacing = (50.2 10
3
)/162 = 309 mm

Step 4: Check for shear
Check for shear
93 . 19
2
7 . 2 76 . 14
2
=
= =
wL
V
u
kN
183 . 0
109 1000
1000 93 . 19
=
= =
bd
V
u
v
t N/mm
2
From Table 19 of IS 456,
c
[for f
ck
= 25 and p
t
= 0.332% ] = 0.40 N/mm
2
> 0.183 N/mm
2
Hence safe in Shear.
Note: Usually well proportional slabs will be safe in shear.

Step 5: Design of Landing Slab
Effective span = c/c of well or clear span of landing + effective depth of slab, which ever is less
= (3.15 - 0.225) or 2.7 + 0.109 = 2.925 or 2.809 m; Hence L = 2.809 m
55 . 10
8
809 . 2 7 . 10
8
2 2
=
= =
wL
M
u
kNm < 13.45 kNm
Hence provide the same reinforcement on the waist slab, i.e. 8 mm diameter bar as 130 mm c/c at
bottom and 6 mm diameter @ 300 mm c/c (see Fig. 17.33)
As the flight B has a smaller span provide the same reinforcement as in flight A.
10

Fig. 17.33 Detailing of stair for Exercise 17.5

Exercise 17.6 Design of dog-legged staircase - supported longitudinally
Design a waist slab type dog-legged staircase for a building, given the following data: height between
floors = 3.3 m, riser = 150 mm, tread = 250 mm, width of flight and landing = 1.50 m, Imposed load =3.0
kN/m
2
and Floor finishes = 0.6 kN/m
2
. Assume that the stair is to be supported on 230 mm width beams
at the outer edges of the landing, parallel to the rises (similar to that shown in Fig.17.34). Use M25
concrete and Fe 415 steel. Assume mild exposure.

Fig. 17.34 Dog-legged staircase-Exercise 17.6 (a) Steps, (b) Stair, (c) Loading

11

Solution

Given: R = 150mm, T = 250mm, Hence, 292 250 150
2 2 2 2
= + = +T R mm
Effective span = c/c distance between supports = 11 250 + 2 1500 + 230 = 5980 mm
Assume waist slab thickness = L/20 = 5980/20 = 299 mm, say 300 mm
Assuming 20 mm clear cover (IS 456 - Table 16) and 12 mm diameter bars
Effective depth = 300 - 20 - 12/2 = 274 mm
Assume 200 mm thick slab for the landing, as the span is small.

Load on going - on projected plan area
(a) Self weight of waist slab = 25 0.30 292/300 = 7.30 kN/m
2
(b) Self weight of steps = 25 (0.15/2) = 1.88 kN/m
2

2
(d) Imposed load (given) = 3.0 kN/m
2
------------------
2
2

Load on landing
(a) Self weight of slab = 25 0.20 = 5.00 kN/m
2
2
(c) Imposed load (given) = 3.0 kN/m
2
----------------
2
2

Step 2 Calculation of Bending Moment

The loading diagram is shown in Fig. 17.25(c)
Reaction R = ( ) 2 . 47 2 / 75 . 2 17 . 19 ) 615 . 1 9 . 12 ( = + kN/m
Maximum bending moment at mid-span
( ) ( ) 2 / 615 . 1 99 . 2 17 . 19 2 / 615 . 1 99 . 2 ) 615 . 1 9 . 12 ( 99 . 2 2 . 47
2
=
u
M
= 77.54 kNm/m
Step 3 Design of reinforcement
033 . 1
274 1000
10 54 . 77
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa

p
t
= 0.3016%. Hence A
t
= 0.3016/100 1000 274 = 826 mm
2
/m
Required spacing of 12 mm diameter bars = (113 10
3
)/826 = 136 mm

Distribution steel:
A
s
= (0.12/100) 1000 300 = 360 mm
2
12

Spacing = (78.5 10
3
)/360 = 218 mm

The detailing of bars is shown in Fig. 17.35. It has to be noted that nominal reinforcement (50% of A
st
) of
#10 @ 190 c/c is provided in the landing slab near support at top to resist any negative moment that
may arise due to partial fixity; distributors of #10 @ 210 c/c are also provided.

Fig. 17.35 Detailing of dog-legged staircase of Exercise 17.6

Exercise 17.7 Design of dog-legged staircase with supports perpendicular to the risers
Repeat the design of Exercise 17.6, considering that the landing is supported only on two edges
perpendicular to the risers as in Fig. 17.36.

Solution:
13

As the flight is supported as in Fig. 17.36, and as the width of landing is less than 2m, the effective span
as per clause 33.2 of IS 456 can be taken as the c/c distance between the landings. Hence, L = 2.75 + 2
0.75 = 4.25 m
Assume waist slab thickness = L/20 = 4250/20 = 212.5 mm, say 215 mm

Fig. 17.36 Dog-legged staircase with supports perpendicular to the risers, (a) Steps, (b) Stair, (c)
Loading, (d) detailing

Assuming 20 mm clear cover (IS 456 - Table 16) and 12 mm diameter bars
Load on going - on projected plan area
(a) Self weight of waist slab = 25 0.215 292/250 = 6.28 kN/m
2
(b) Self weight of steps = 25 (0.15/2) = 1.88 kN/m
2

2
(d) Imposed load (given) = 3.0 kN/m
2
------------------
2
2
Load on landing = 25 0.215 + 0.6 + 3.0 = 8.98 kN/m
2

2
50% of this load may be assumed to act longitudinally.


14

The loading diagram is shown in Fig. 17.36 (c)
Reaction R = ( ) 31 . 29 2 / 75 . 2 64 . 17 ) 75 . 0 74 . 6 ( = + kN/m
( ) ( ) 2 / 75 . 0 125 . 2 64 . 17 2 / 75 . 0 125 . 2 ) 75 . 0 74 . 6 ( 125 . 2 78 . 23
2
=
u
M
= 25.01 kNm/m
70 . 0
189 1000
10 01 . 25
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa

p
t
= 0.201%. Hence A
t
= 0.201/100 1000 189 = 380 mm
2
/m
3
)/380 = 297 mm

Distribution steel:
A
s
= (0.12/100) 1000 215 = 258 mm
2
Spacing = (50.3 10
3
)/258 = 194 mm
Provide 8 mm steel bars at 190 mm c/c

Step 4: Design of landing slab
The entire loading on the waist slab is transferred to the supporting edges by the bending of the landing
slab in the direction parallel to the risers. Considering the full width of landing of 1.25 m,
Loads on landing slab (assuming as uniformly distributed)
a) Load acting directly = 13.47 1.50 = 20.21 kN/m
b) Load from waist slab = 17.64 2.75/2 = 24.26 kN/m
Loading on 1 m strip of slab = 44.47 / 1.5 = 29.65 kN/m
Effective span = 3.1 m
62 . 35 8 / 1 . 3 65 . 29 8 /
2 2
= = = wL M
u
kNm/m
Design of reinforcement
997 . 0
189 1000
10 62 . 35
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa

p
t
= 0.290%. Hence A
t
= 0.290/100 1000 189 = 548 mm
2
/m
3
)/548 = 206 mm
Hence provide 12 mm diameter bars at 200 mm c/c (in a direction parallel to risers at bottom) and 8 mm
bars at 190 mm c/c as distributors. The detailing is shown in Fig. 17.36(d). It has to be noted that in the
landing the bars of the waist slab are kept above the main bars of landing, in order to provide the
effective depth. Moreover, such a detailing is also required due to the fact that the waist slab is
supported by the landing. Fifty percent of the main reinforcement (say, 10 mm at 300 mm c/c) is
provided at top, as research by Ahmed et al. (1995 &1996) showed that there will be negative bending
moment at support regions of waist slab.

15

Exercise 17.8 Design of Longitudinally supported tread-riser type staircase
Repeat the design of Exercise 17.7, considering it as tread-riser type stair.
Solution:
As in Exercise 17.7, the effective span, L = 2.75 + 2 0.75 = 4.25 m


Let us assume waist slab thickness = L/25 = 4250/25 = 170 mm
Assuming 20 mm clear cover (IS 456 - Table 16) and 12 mm bars
Load on going - on projected plan area (See also Fig.17.37)

Fig. 17.37 Longitudinally supported tread-riser type staircase of Exercise 17.8 (a) Detailing (b) Loading
(a) Self weight of tread-riser slab = 25 (0.15 + 0.25) 0.17/0.25 = 6.80 kN/m
2
2
(c) Imposed load (given) = 3.00 kN/m
2
------------------
2
2
Load on landing = 25 0.17 + 0.6 + 3.0 = 7.85 kN/m
2

2
As in Exercise 17.7, 50% of this load may be assumed to act longitudinally.


The loading diagram is shown in Fig. 17.37(b)
Reaction R = ( ) 87 . 25 2 / 75 . 2 6 . 15 ) 75 . 0 89 . 5 ( = + kN/m
( ) ( ) 2 / 75 . 0 125 . 2 6 . 15 2 / 75 . 0 125 . 2 ) 75 . 0 89 . 5 ( 125 . 2 87 . 25
2
=
u
M
= 34.82 kNm/m
68 . 1
144 1000
10 82 . 34
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa
p
t
= 0.5086%. Hence A
t
= 0.5086/100 1000 144 = 732 mm
2
/m
16

3
)/732 = 154 mm
Hence provide 12 mm diameter bars at 150 mm c/c in the form of closed ties. Provide 8 mm bars
transversely at each bend as distributor. The detailing is shown in Fig.17.37(a).

Step 4: Design of Landing Slab
The design of landing slab is similar to the previous Exercise. Hence provide 12 mm diameter bars at 200
mm c/c in a direction parallel to risers at bottom, and below the bars of waist slab (so that the required
effective depth is achieved) and 8 mm bars at 190 mm c/c as distributors. Also provide 50% of the main
reinforcement (10 mm at 300 mm c/c) at top of landing slab, as in Exercise 17.7.

Exercise 17.9 Design of Helicoidal stair
Design a Helicoidal stair for a building with floor height 2.975 m. The width of stair is 1.2m and the tread
and riser are 300 mm and 175 mm respectively. The included angle of the stair is 120
o
. There is a mid-
landing of 1.2 m length. The building is used for commercial purposes and subjected to mild exposure.
Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Given: R = 175 mm, T = 300 mm, b = 1.2 m
Height of the building = 2975 mm
Hence, the number of risers = 2975/175 = 17
The length of tread at the centre line = 17 300 = 5100 mm
The going of the staircase including the mid landing = 5100 + 1200 = 6300 mm
Since the included angle is 180
o
, 6300 = R t mm
Hence, radius of helicoid R = 6300/t = 2005.4 mm
The gradient of staircase,
o
T R 26 . 30 ) 300 / 175 ( tan ) / ( tan
1 1
= = =

o

Assume thickness of slab = L/25 = 6300/25 = 252 mm, say 250 mm
Assuming 20 mm clear cover (IS 456 - Table 16) and 12 mm bars
(a) Self weight of slab = 25 (0.25 1.2) = 7.50 kN/m

(b) Self weight of steps = 25 (0.175/2 x1.2) = 2.63 kN/m
(c) Imposed load (given) = 5.0 1.2 = 6.00 kN/m
------------------

Factored load normal to the surface of the slab
= 1.5 16.135 cos 30.26 = 20.9 kN/m

Radius of the centroidal axis of the slab, R
c
= R + b
2
/12R
= 2005.4 + 1200
2
/(12 2005.4) =2065.2 mm
The value of
u u u
u u u
cos sin ) 1 ( ) 1 (
cos 2 sin ) 1 ( 2
+
+
=
g g
g g
c
=
90 cos 90 sin ) 1 7 . 0 ( )] 180 / ( 90 )[ 1 7 . 0 (
90 cos )] 180 / ( 90 [ 7 . 0 2 90 sin ) 1 7 . 0 ( 2
+
+
t
t
= 273 . 1
67 . 2
4 . 3
=
At mid span, = 0
o

Bending moment, M
r
= 33 . 24 ) 1 273 . 1 ( 065 . 2 9 . 20 ) 1 cos (
2 2
= = | c R w
c u
kNm
17

Torsional moment, M
t
= 0 ) sin (
2
= | | c R w
c u
kNm
At supports, = 90
o

Bending moment, M
t
= 12 . 89 ) 1 90 cos 273 . 1 ( 065 . 2 9 . 20 ) 1 cos (
2 2
= = | c R w
c u
kNm
Torsional moment, M
t

= 54 . 26 ) 180 / 90 90 sin 273 . 1 ( 065 . 2 9 . 20 ) sin (
2 2
= = t | | c R w
c u
kNm
Step 3 Check for depth of Slab
Equivalent bending moment (clause 41.4.2 of IS 456)
108
7 . 1
1200 / 250 1
54 . 26 12 . 89
7 . 1
/ 1
=
(
+
+ =
(
+
+ =
b h
M M M
t r e
kNm
Required depth 162
25 1200 138 . 0
10 108
6
=

== =
ck
e
kbf
M
d mm < 224 mm
Hence the selected depth is safe.

Step 4: Design of reinforcement
794 . 1
224 1200
10 108
2
6
2
=
=
bd
M
u
MPa

p
t
= 0.547%. Hence A
t
= 0.547/100 1200 224 = 1470 mm
2

Hence provide eight 16 mm bars at the top face of the slab (area provided = 1608 mm
2
) at support for a
distance of span/3 (6300/3 ~2100 mm), and provide only 4 bars at mid-span. The positive bending
moment at mid-span is only 24.33 kNm and hence required reinforcement is about 304 mm
2
.
Minimum reinforcement = 0.12/100 1200 250 = 360 mm
2

Provide 5 numbers of 10 mm bars throughout, as shown in Fig. 17.38.

Fig. 17.38 Helicoidal stair-Exercise 17.9 (a) Plan (reinforcement at top) (b) Cross section at support (c) Cross
section at mid-span

Step 5: Design for Shear
Shear force acting at a distance of 224 mm from the support
18

15 . 61 ) 224 . 0 2 / 3 . 6 ( 9 . 20 = =
u
V kN
Equivalent shear force (clause 41.3.1 of IS 456)
54 . 96
2 . 1
54 . 26
6 . 1 15 . 61 6 . 1 =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
b
M
V V
t
u e
kN
36 . 0
224 1200
1000 54 . 96
=
= =
bd
V
u
v
t N/mm
2
From Table 19 of IS 456,
c
[for f
ck
= 25 N/mm
2
and p
t
= 0.15%]
= 0.29 N/mm
2
< 0.36 N/mm
2
[Note that since the slab is subjected to torsion, smaller reinforcement is used for p
t
].
Hence shear reinforcement has to be provided. As torsion is present, closed stirrups with 135
o
hooks are
provided. From clause 41.4.3 of IS 456,

( )
y
v c v
y
v u u
sv
f
bs
f
s
d
V
d b
T
A
87 . 0 87 . 0 5 . 2
1 1 1
t t
>
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+ =
Assuming two legged 10 mm diameter stirrups, we have
1124 ) 2 / 16 10 20 ( 2 1200 2
1
= + = =
s
c b b mm
174 ) 2 / 16 10 20 ( 2 250 2
1
= + = =
s
c D d
|
.
|
\
|
=
415 87 . 0 174 5 . 2
10 54 . 96
174 1124
10 54 . 26
3 6
v
sv
s
A =0.99s
v
For 10 mm stirrup, 6 . 158 99 . 0 / 5 . 78 2 = =
v
s mm
Also,
( )
674
1200 ) 29 . 0 36 . 0 (
415 87 . 0 5 . 78 2
) 87 . 0 (
=

=
s
b
f A
s
c v
y sv
v
t t
mm
As per clause 26.5.1.7 of IS 456, spacing should be less than x
1
, (x
1
+ y
1
)/4 and 300 mm
i.e.,(250-220-10), (200+1150)/4 or 300 mm.

Hence provide two-legged 10 mm stirrup at 200 mm c/c throughout the entire length.
Note: The landing slabs/beams must be designed to resist the fixed end moments of the staircase; it is
desirable to provide reinforcement in these supporting elements both at top and bottom.

507 39 Solutions-Instructor-manual Ch17 DRCS

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507 39 Solutions-Instructor-manual Ch17 DRCS

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Design of RC Structures Dr. N.

mm < (75 mm-cover)

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