WCDMA UTRAN Optimization Flow

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA UTRAN
Optimization Flow
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Foreword
WCDMA optimization is a very important part in the
lifecycle of the network.
Mainly, the optimization includes the preparation, single
site verification, RF optimization and parameters
optimization.
Contents
1. Introduction of Optimization Flow
2. The Preparation for the Optimization Project
3. Single Site Verification
4. RF Optimization
5. Parameters Optimization
6. Optimization Report
Contents
2. The Preparation for the Optimization Project
4. RF Optimization
WCDMA Optimization Flow
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Cluster Division and
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Configuration Collection
Trouble shooting
Engineering Parameter
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
Parameter Adjustment
Introduction of Optimization Flow
Final Documents:
SSV Reports
Optimization Report
Engineering Parameter Table
Cell Parameter Table
Process Documents:
Engineer Parameter Table
Cell Parameter Table
Parameter Changing Record

Contents
2. The preparation for the Optimization Project
4. RF Optimization
WCDMA Optimization Flow -
Preparation
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Trouble shooting
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
The Preparation for Projection
The following work is required:
Understanding of the Existing Network
Cluster Division and Optimization Team Establishment
Optimization Tools and Software
The Preparation for Projection
Understanding of the Existing Network :
Radio Network Planning report
Latest engineering parameter table and cell parameter table
OMC statistic data
Subscriber complaints
Historical Optimization Reports
The Preparation for the
Optimization Projection
Cluster Division
One cluster should cover one continuous area, which is
convenient for one time drive test;
Cluster division should consider the terrain,
administration and main roads.
The Preparation for the Optimization
Projection
Optimization Team Establishment
RNO leader-1
Data Analyzer
Drive Test Operator
Driver
RNO leader-n
Data Analyzer
Drive Test Operator
Driver
..................
RNO manager
The Preparation for the Optimization
Projection
Optimization Tools
Hardware
UMTS Scanner
UMTS Test UE
GPS and data line
Laptop
Digital camera
Spectrum analyzer
Software:
DT tools
Post processing tools
MapInfo
Google earth
Contents
4. RF Optimization
WCDMA Optimization Flow Single Site
Verification
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Trouble shooting
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
Single Site Verification
Purpose:
The single site verification test is a part of the WCDMA network
optimization to ensure that the basic functions of the cell are
normal, such as call access, call quality, handover and so on.
Single site verification involves the following aspects:
Parameter setting check in idle mode
Services call (AMR/VP/PS) function check in connected mode
HSDPA function check
CPICH RSCP & Ec/Io
Installation problems check
Single site verification includes :
preparations before test
single site test
solving problems

The single site verification is completed by:
On-site engineers
RNO engineers

Single Site Verification - Tasks of the
on-site engineers
Application key
Preparations
Site Status Check
For each cell to be measured, check Status by LMT or M2000
Configuration Data Collection and Check
check whether the data configured is consistent with the planned

data
Testing Point Selection
Test UE Setup
Set the UE to testing mode before test
Other Preparations

on-site engineers
Verification in Idle Mode
Frequency Check
Check whether the frequency is consistent with the planned data
Scramble Check
Check whether the scramble is consistent with the planned data
LAC/RAC Check
Check whether the LAC/RAC is consistent with the planed data.
CPICH_RSCP / CPICH_Ec/Io (Near Site) Test
Check whether the CPICH RSCP and CPICH Ec/Io received by
UE are greater than the threshold
on-site engineers
Verification in connected Mode
Originating and Terminating Call of Voice Service
Check whether the originating and terminating function of
voice service function normally by call quality test
Originating and Terminating Connection Test of VP Service
Check whether the originating and terminating function of
VP service function normally by call quality test
Access Test of PS Services
Check whether the PS services access are normal
Solving Problems
Single Site Verification Task of the
RNO engineers
Preparations
Cell Status Confirmation
Before checking site, you need to inquiry product support
engineers whether the cell is in normal status
Testing Route Selection
Before test, you must select a proper testing route according to
site distribution and local environment
Testing Tools
Hardware
Software
RNO engineers
Coverage Check
Check whether CPICH RSCP and CPICH Ec/Io received by
scanner is normal
Inconsistency of antenna tile/direction angle from planned
one
Check whether the RX ports of different cell are reversely
connected
Fixed Maximum Transmit Power of UE, measure the RTWP of the
cells in OMC room
Checking Antennas by Exchanging Feeders, measure the RSCP
before and after.
RNO engineers
Service Function Test
MOC and MTC of Voice call
MOC and MTC of VP
UL and DL R99 PS service
HSDPA access function and throughput test
HSUPA access function and throughput test
RNO engineers
Solving Problems
If RNO engineers find out some installation problem, ask
the installation team fix it and do retest to verify
If RNO engineers find problems about product function,
RNO engineers must ask RAN engineers help to solve
problems

Summarization:
In single site verification stage, engineers check whether
equipment functions are normal
Single site verification is a basis for the following RF
optimization and Parameter optimization
If all verifications about function are accepted, the single
site verification is completed
Contents
4. RF Optimization
WCDMA Optimization Flow RF
Optimization
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Trouble shooting
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
RF Optimization - Overview
Once all the sites on-air and verification is completed, RF
optimization starts
During the RF optimization stage, you willoptimize radio
frequency (RF) signals , so that the distribution of radio signal
is normal in next stage -- parameters optimization
RF optimization includes the following aspects:
Coverage optimization
Pilot pollution optimization
Handover optimization

RF Optimization flow
RF Optimization - Preparation (1)
Define Optimization targets
Weak coverage
Pilot pollution
SHO Factor based on DT
Define Test Route
Cluster Division
Preparing Tools and Data
Preparing Software
Preparing Hardware
Engineering and cell Parameter table
Index Reference Remarks
CPICH Ec/Io 9dB
97% in urban area
According to test result from the scanner, in
unloaded and outdoor conditions, in planning
coverage areas, test in a grid-like route to cover all
cells.
97% in suburban
area
CPICH RSCP
95dBm
98% in urban area
According to test result from the scanner, in
unloaded and outdoor conditions, in planning
coverage areas, test in a grid-like route to cover all
cells. The coverage level request is basic. If
operators have penetration loss request, add the
penetration loss to the coverage level.
95% in suburban
area
SHO Factor based on
DT
30%40%
The SHO Factor based on DT should be 5% to
10% lower than the goal, because the following
optimizations cause the soft handover factor to
increase
Pilot pollution ratio 5%
RF Optimization - Targets
Dividing Clusters
RF optimization must be performed on a group of or a
cluster of NodeBs , and to ensure that interference from
intra-frequency neighbor cells are considered during
optimization.
Define Test Route
The test route should cover all sites, all main roads and VIP
area.
RF Optimization - Preparing Tools and
Data:
Software
Genex Probe
Genex Assistant
Mapinfo
Google earth
Device
Scanner
Test terminal and
data line
GPS and data line
Laptop
Vehicle mounted
inverter
Needed data
List of engineering
parameters
Map
KPI requirements
Network configuration
parameters
Survey report
Single site verification
checklist
Floor plan of the target
buildings
RF Optimization - Data Collection
DT is a major test. Collect scanner and UE data of radio
signals by DT test
Usually the DT and indoor test during RF optimization
stage is based on VP service.
During RF optimization stage, collect neighbor cell data
of network optimization and other data configured in
RNC database
RF Optimization - RF problem
solutions
Antenna tilt
Antenna azimuth
Antenna location
Split sector
Remove sector
Combine sector
Antenna height
Antenna type
TMA
RRU
Site location
New site
RF Optimization
Some advices:
Before the RF adjusting, wed better survey the relative sites,
and give some applicable advice
If possible, do the RF adjustment and test the effect at the
same time

RF Coverage Problem Analysis
The coverage problems to be analyzed include:
Weak coverage
Overshoot coverage
Unbalance between uplink and downlink
No dominating cell
Coverage Analysis Processes:
Downlink Coverage Analysis
Analyzing Pilot Strength
Analyzing Pilot quality
Analyzing Dominate Cell
Analyzing comparison of UE and Scanner Coverage
Uplink Coverage Analysis
Analyzing Uplink Interference
Analyzing distribution of UE Transmit Power
Downlink coverage analysis Pilot Strength Analysis
Check areas of weak coverage, suggestion value as below:
Good: RSCP -85 dBm
Fair: -95 dBm RSCP < -85 dBm
Poor: RSCP < -95 dBm
Mark the areas with weak coverage for further analysis
Downlink coverage analysis - Pilot Strength Analysis
Downlink coverage analysis - Pilot quality Analysis
Ec/Io plot should also be analysed based on the thresholds :
Good: Ec/Io -8 dB
Fair: -14 dB Ec/Io < -8 dB
Poor: Ec/Io < - 14 dB
Areas of poor Ec/Io should be highlighted for further
investigation
-15.5
-63
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
Ec/Io RSCP
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
Whats the
problem?
Downlink coverage analysis Pilot quality Analysis:
-15.5
-104
-20
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
Ec/Io RSCP
-120
-115
-110
-105
-100
-95
-90
Whats the
problem?
Downlink coverage analysis - Pilot quality Analysis:
Downlink coverage analysis - Analyzing Dominating Cell:
Dominating cells analysis is analyzing cell scramble
information obtained in DT
The contents to be checked include :
Weak coverage cell
Cross-cell coverage cell
No dominating cell
Downlink coverage analysis - Analyzing comparison of UE and Scanner Coverage :
Inconsistent Best Service Cell between scanner and UE
Uplink coverage analysis:
Uplink coverage analysis is analyzing UE transmit power
obtained in DT
UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm >= 95%
The test result of voice service by
test handset. Assume the maximum
transmit power of UE is 21 dBm
The defined corresponding quality standards are:
Good: UE_Tx_Power 0 dBm
Fair: 0 dBm < UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm
Poor: UE_Tx_Power >10 dBm

Assume the optimization indexes of UE transmit power as
below:
The distribution of UE transmit power
Uplink Uplink Coverage - Distribution of UE Transmit Power
The distribution of UE transmit power reflects the distribution

of uplink interference and uplink path loss
Pilot Pollution Problem Analysis
Pilot Pollution Point Definition:
The pilot pollution is that excessive strong pilots exist in a
point but no pilot is strong enough
Pilot pollution exists if all the following conditions are met:
The number of pilots that meet the following condition is more than
4 and CPICH_RSCP > -100dBm
(CPICH_RSCP1st - CPICH_RSCP 4th)< 5dB

Influence of Pilot Pollution :
Pilot pollution causes the following network problems:
Ec/Io Deterioration
Call Drop Due to Handover
Capacity Decline
-62
-63
-64
-66
-67
-81
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6
R
S
C
P

(
d
B
m
)

Active Set Pilot Pollution
Margin
Not
Pilot Pollution
Pilot Pollution Definition - J udgment Standards :
Pilot Pollution - Estimated Active Set Size:
SC Count % in Pollution Set
8 206 12.9%
9 165 10.3%
10 157 9.8%
11 156 9.7%
12 148 9.2%
13 135 8.4%
16 95 5.9%
17 94 5.9%
18 76 4.7%
19 74 4.6%
20 73 4.6%
21 56 3.5%
32 54 3.4%
35 39 2.4%
37 33 2.1%
43 19 1.2%
48 8 0.5%
53 7 0.4%
67 3 0.2%
80 2 0.1%
130 2 0.1%
Should be investigated
Pilot Pollution - Estimated Active Set Size
Pilot pollution results
Causes of Pilot Pollution :
Improper Cell Distribution
Over High NodeB or Highly-mounted Antenna
Improper Antenna Azimuth
Improper Antenna Down Tilt
Improper CPICH Power
Ambient Factors
Process for Analyzing Pilot Pollution
Analyze scanner-based RSCP for 1st Best Service Cell and
Ec/Io for 1st Best Service Cell
Analyze scanner-based Whole PP
Locate the cells that cause pilot pollution of the key areas.
Judge whether the pilot pollution is caused by existence of
multiple strong pilots or lack of a strong pilot
Confirm the cells that need eliminating the coverage of an
area and that need enhancing the coverage of an area
Retest after adjustment
Solutions of Pilot Pollution :
Antenna Adjustment
PCPICH Power Adjustment
Using RRU or Micro Cells

Handover Problem Analysis
By adjusting RF parameters ,we can Control the size and
location of handover areas ,then we can eliminate handover
call drop due to sharp fluctuation and increase handover
success rate.
During RF optimization stage, the involved handover problem
include:
Neighbor cell optimization
Controlling SHO Factor based on DT
Handover Problem Analysis -
The neighbor cell optimization includes adding and
removing neighbor cells.
Add: Missing neighbors
Remove: The neighbors are never measured but in the
neighbor list.
Neighbor cell optimization can be analyzed by :
Scanner Data
UE Data Analysis

Careful consideration is needed prior to removing neighbours

By the scanner data, the Assistant can generate a neighbor cell
analysis report in the format of Excel
We can also analyze a missing neighbor cell by UE DT
data
The daemon analysis tool can seldom analyze UE data
automatically and generate missing neighbor cells
but we can Compare the active set Ec/Io distribution
diagram measured by UE and that measured by scanner
The spots with missing neighbor cells has a poor Ec/Io
measured by UE and a strong Ec/Io scanned by scanner .
Controlling SHO Factor based on DT:
According to the DT data from scanner, you can obtain the
SHO Factor based on DT, defined as below:
DT in points collected - scanner total of Number
conditions handover meet the that DT in points collected - scanner of Number
Ratio Handover Soft
The SHO Factor based on DT during RF optimization

stage must be 5%10% lower than the KPI target
value
UE SHO Performance
The success rates for event 1a, 1b & 1c and can be obtained
from software
Number of Active Set Updates
Event Count
Event 1a - 328
Event 1b - 306
Event 1c - 64
Number of Active Set Update Completes
Event Count
Event 1a - 326
Event 1b - 305
Event 1c - 62
Soft-Handover Success Rate
Event Rate
Event 1a - 99.4
Event 1b - 99.7
Event 1c - 96.9
RF Analysis Approaches Neighbor
List
Controlling SHO Factor based on DT
If the SHO Factor based on DT is over large, decrease or
change the handover areas by using the following methods
for shrinking coverage areas:
Increase the down tilt
Adjust azimuth
Decrease the antenna height
Decrease the PICH power
Contents
4. RF Optimization
Parameter Optimization
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Trouble shooting
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
Purpose of Parameters Optimization
Purpose of parameters optimization
Decrease the access success ratio
Decrease the call drop ratio
Increase the quality of service
The tools data and tools for analysis:
Drive test data and analysis tools
Statistic data and analysis tools
RNC trace and logs data
MSC & SGSN record if necessary
Drive test
The contents of drive test
Idle mode test
The short call test for voice service
The continuous call test for voice service
The short call test for video phone service
The continuous call test for voice service
The access test for R99 PS service
The continuous call test for R99 PS service
HSDPA FTP download test
The test should be performed repeatedly to the position with
problems to make sure that the problem is repeatable
Drive Test Data Analysis
Drive Test Data Analysis
Analyzing and finding out the solution for access failure
Analyzing and finding out the solution for drop call
Analyzing and finding out the solution for service quality
related problems
Adjustment Recommendation and
Implementation
Adjustment Recommendation and Implementation
Common Control Channel Power Allocation parameters
RL Maximum Power parameters
Intra-frequency Handover parameters
Inter-frequency Handover parameters
Inter-RAT Handover parameters
Power Control parameters
Access parameters
Other related parameters
Test for Special Areas
Special area refers to a small district or indoors
environment
Operator offices, residence of VIP
Key hotels or entertainment location
Government location
Locations of large company or group subscribers
Locations tend to be cared , such as railway station or
airport
Contents
4. RF Optimization
Optimization Report Output
Project Start
Single Site
Verificaiton
Preparation and
Startup
RF
Optimization
Parameter
Optimization
Acceptance and
Report
Network Information
Collection
Team Establishment
Optimization Tools
Preparation
Drive Test and RNC
Trouble shooting
Adjustment
Preparation
Data Collection
DT and Statistic
Analysis
Optimization Report
The optimization report should include:
Project background introduction
Existing network status
Acceptance criteria
Optimization process
Problem analysis and adjustment recommendation, and the
effect for the implemented part
Acceptance test and result
Leftover problems and suggestions from the optimization
point of view.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GPS and data line

Post processing tools

Site Status Check

For each cell to be measured, check Status by LMT or M2000

Configuration Data Collection and Check

check whether the data configured is consistent with the planned

Testing Point Selection

Set the UE to testing mode before test

The defined corresponding quality standards are:

Good: UE_Tx_Power 0 dBm

Fair: 0 dBm < UE_Tx_Power 10 dBm

Poor: UE_Tx_Power >10 dBm

Uplink Uplink Coverage - Distribution of UE Transmit Power

The distribution of UE transmit power reflects the distribution

The SHO Factor based on DT during RF optimization

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