Chapter 03 Question

New Biology – a modern approach 1
Chapter 3: The cell as the basic unit of life

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Structured Questions
Core Section
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John observed several onion epidermal cells under a microscope:
(i) In order to make the cell structures more distinct, John used a stain to prepare the slide. Name the stain
used. (1 mark)
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(ii) Using letters in the photomicrograph, state the structure which is absent in a white blood cell.
(1 mark)
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(iii) (1) In cells that can undergo photosynthesis, there is a structure found in C. Name this structure.
(1 mark)
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(2) State the function of this structure in photosynthesis. (2 marks)
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(iv) State the differences between A and B in terms of
(1) chemical nature. (2 marks)
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(2) permeability. (2 marks)
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(i) Iodine solution. (1 mark)
(ii) A (1 mark)
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© Aristo Educational Press Ltd 2007 69
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(iii) (1) Chloroplast. (1 mark)
(2) It traps solar energy and changes it into chemical energy. (2 marks)
(iv) (1) A is composed of cellulose while B is composed of protein and lipid. (2 marks)
(2) A is freely permeable while B is selectively permeable. (2 marks)
_________
(9 marks)##
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The diagram below shows a plant cell:
(i) Name structures A and B. (2 marks)

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(ii) Name structure C and state its function in the cell. (2 marks)
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(iii) Name the organic substance that is present in C. (1 mark)
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(iv) Using the letters A to E in the diagram, list the structure(s) which is/are also present in the white blood
cell. (2 marks)
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(i) A: cell wall (1 mark)
B: cell membrane (1 mark)
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(ii) C is the nucleus. (1 mark)
It controls the normal activities of the cell. (1 mark)
(iii) DNA (1 mark)
(iv) B and C (2 marks)
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(7 marks)##
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Mary observed four drawings of specialized cells. (They are drawn with different scales.)
A B
C D
(i) Using letters above, state all the animal cells. Give reasons to support your answers. (2 marks)
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(ii) Arrange the following terms (starting with the lowest level) in a CORRECT order to show the levels of
organisation:
System Tissue Organ Cell Organism (2 marks)
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(iii) Name an organ which consists of:
(1) A (1 mark)
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(2) D (1 mark)
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(iv) Name the structure in which respiration occurs. (1 mark)
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(v) (1) Name the common part of all four cells, which is visible in the diagrams and controls cellular
activities. (1 mark)
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(2) Name the structure which carries instructions for the cell to make the right kinds of proteins. (1
mark)
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##
(i) A and C (1 mark)
because they lack cell wall. (1 mark)
(ii) Cell-> tissue-> organ-> system-> organism (2 or 0 marks)
(iii) (1) trachea (1 mark)
(2) leaf (1 mark)
(iv) mitochondrion (aerobic respiration)/cytoplasm (anaerobic respiration) (1 mark)
(v) (1) nucleus (1 mark)
(2) gene (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
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* The diagram below shows an organelle X:
(i) Name organelle X and state its function. (2 marks)

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(ii) Suggest one type of body cell that has relatively more organelle X than other body cells. (1 mark)
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(iii) Can organelle X be observed under the light microscope? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
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(i) X is a mitochondrion. (1 mark)
It is the site of respiration (acts as the “power-house” of the cell). (1 mark)
(ii) sperm cells/ liver cells /any reasonable answers (1 mark)
(iii) X cannot be observed under the light microscope (1 mark)
because it is too small to be seen. (1 mark)
_________
(5 marks)##
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The diagram below shows a typical animal cell:
(i) Name structures A,

B and C.
(3 marks)
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(ii) State ONE function for each of the structures A and B. (2 marks)
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(iii) For each of the following types of cells, state ONE way in which they differ in structure from a typical
animal cell.
(1) sperm cells (1 mark)
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(2) red blood cells (1 mark)
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(iv) Name THREE structures other than A, B and C that are present in a typical green plant cell.
(3 marks)
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(i) A: cell membrane (1 mark)
B: nucleus (1 mark)
C: cytoplasm (1 mark)
(ii) A: controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell (1 mark)
B: controls the metabolic activities of the cell (1 mark)
(iii) (1) A sperm cell has a head and a tail. (1 mark)
(2) A red blood cell has no nucleus. (1 mark)
(iv) Vacuole, cell wall and chloroplast. (3 marks)
_________
(10 marks)##
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A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. cytoplasm D. chloroplast
E. nucleus F. vacuole G.. starch grain H. glycogen granule
I. chromosome J. mitochondrion
Using the letters only in your answers, state which of the above structure(s) can be found in
(i) animal cells only. __________________________
(ii) plant cells only. __________________________
(iii) both animal and plant cells. __________________________ (5 marks)
##
(i) H (½ mark)
(ii) A, D and G (½ mark each) (1½ marks)
(iii) B, C, E, F, I and J (½ mark each) (3 marks)
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(5 marks)##
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The following diagram shows a transverse section of a unicellular green alga.
(i) Name parts A to E. (2½ marks)
A. __________________ B. __________________ C. __________________
D. __________________ E. __________________
(ii) List the structures in the diagram that CANNOT be found in animal cells. (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) What gas is produced by C when this green alga is exposed to sunlight? What is the process involved?
(2 marks)
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(i) A - cell wall
B - cytoplasm
C - chloroplasts
D - vacuoles
E - nucleus (½ mark each) (2½ marks)
(ii) cell wall (A) and chloroplasts (C) (2 marks)
(iii) oxygen; photosynthesis (2 marks)
__________
(6½ marks)##
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* Study the following cells:
________________________________________________________________________________________
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(i) Point out, by using letters only, which are animal cells and which are plant cells. (3 marks)
Animal cells:____________________________________________________________________
Plant cells:______________________________________________________________________
(ii) Explain your answer in (i). (2 marks)
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(iii) Identify cells T, W and Y. (3 marks)
T: __________________ W: __________________ Y: __________________

(iv) In cell Y,
(1) what is fluid A? (1 mark)
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(2) what is the function of structure B? (2 marks)
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(i) Animal cells: T, U, W (½ mark each) (1½ marks)
Plant cells: V, X and Y (½ mark each) (1½ marks)
(ii) Plant cells have cell wall and their shapes are regular while animal cells do not have cell wall and their
shapes are relatively irregular. (2 marks)
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(iii) T - white blood cell (1 mark)
W - nerve cell / neurone (1 mark)
Y - epidermal cell in root (1 mark)
(iv) (1) cell sap (1 mark)
(2) It increases the surface area of roots to absorb more water and mineral salts. (2 marks)
__________
(11 marks)##
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* The diagrams below show a plant cell and an animal cell:
B
D
E
H F
G
Diagram I Diagram II
(i) Which diagram shows a plant cell? Give TWO reasons for your choice. (3 marks)
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(ii) Name structures A to H. (4 marks)
A. __________________ B. __________________ C. __________________
D. __________________ E. __________________ F. __________________
G. __________________ H. __________________
(iii) State the differences between A and D with respect to their

(1) permeability. (2 marks)
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(2) chemical compositions. (2 marks)
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(3) functions. (2 marks)
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(iv) (1) Which part of the cell in Diagram I is the most darkly stained? (1 mark)
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(2) Name the substance carried by the part stated in (1). (1 mark)
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(3) What is the importance of the substance stated in (2)? (2 marks)
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(4) Name the major chemical for building up the substance stated in (2). (1 mark)
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(i) Diagram II. It has cell wall and a large central vacuole. (3 marks)
(ii) A - cell membrane
B - cytoplasm
C - nucleus
D - cell wall
E - cell membrane
F - nucleus
G - chloroplast
H - vacuole (½ mark each) (4 marks)
(iii)
A D
(1) selectively permeable freely permeable (2 marks)
(2) mainly proteins and fat cellulose (2 marks)
(3) It controls the movement of substances It protects the protoplasm. / It resists the entry (2 marks)
into and out of the cell. of excess water into the cell. / It provides
support to the cell.
(iv) (1) C (1 mark)
(2) chromosomes (1 mark)
(3) They help the cell make the right kinds of proteins for controlling the normal activities of a cell. (2
marks)
(4) DNA (1 mark)
__________
(18 marks)##
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Below shows the photomicrographs of an unknown specimen X and structure A:
nucleus
specimen X structure A
(i) Based on his study of specimen X, a student thinks that the specimen came from an animal. List
THREE observations to support his view. (3 marks)
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(ii) A large amount of structure A can be found inside the cells of specimen X.
(1) Give the name of structure A. (1 mark)
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(2) State ONE function of structure A. (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
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(3) What deduction can be made about the activity of the cells in specimen X from the description “a
large amount of structure A can be found inside”? (1 mark)
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(iii) After further investigations, it is finally identified that specimen X is heart muscle.
(1) What level of organisation does the photomicrograph of specimen X show? (1 mark)
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(2) Construct a flow chart showing the level of organization of heart muscle in the order of increasing
complexity. (2½ marks)
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(i) No large vacuoles can be observed. (1 mark)
No chloroplasts can be found in the cell. (1 mark)
No cell wall can be found on the outside of the plasma membrane. (1 mark)
The nucleus is located in the centre.
(any three or any reasonable answers)
(ii) (1) mitochondrion (1 mark)
(2) It is the site of cellular respiration (1 mark)
to oxidise food and provide energy to support the various cellular activities. (1 mark)
(3) The presence of a large amount of mitochondria implies that the cells in specimen X are
metabolically very active and therefore produce a lot of energy. (1 mark)
(iii) (1) tissue level (1 mark)
(2) tissue organ system
heart (cardiac) muscle heart circulatory system
(Correct name: ½ mark each) (1½ mark)
(Flow chart format, correct order: 1 mark) (1 mark)
__________
(10½ marks)##
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Sort the following items into different categories:
trachea, fruit, Paramecium, root, blood, ovum, water, herb, skin, epidermis, phloem, nucleic acid
(6 marks)
Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organism
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Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organism
nucleic acid ovum epidermis trachea Paramecium
water blood fruit herb
phloem root
skin
(½ mark each)
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(6 marks)##
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With reference to the diagrams below, answer the questions that follow:
cell B
cell A
(a) (b)
(i) Name cells A and B. (2 marks)
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(ii) State ONE structural similarity between cell A and cell B that makes them different from a typical cell.
(1 mark)
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(iii) State ONE structural feature between plant cells and animal cells that can be used to distinguish these
two cells. (2 marks)
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(i) cell A: mature red blood cells (1 mark)
cell B: mature xylem cells (1 mark)
(ii) The nuclei are absent. (1 mark)
(iii) Cell wall is present in the cell B but not in cell A. (1 mark)
Thus, cell A is an animal cell and cell B is a plant cell. (1 mark)
__________
(5 marks)##
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Extension Section
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* Tom prepared a temporary slide of ox corneal cells and had a drawing of the cells as shown below:
(i) The actual width of the cell between the two arrows is 0.025 mm. Calculate the magnification of the
cells in the drawing. (Show your working.) (2 marks)
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(ii) State one feature that the image differs from the actual cells. (1 mark)
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(iii) (1) A 5X eyepiece and a 10X objective are used to view a microscopic slide. Find out the
magnification of the microscope. (Show your working.) (2 marks)
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(2) State the change in each of the following if a higher magnification is used instead of that used in
(1).
(a) Area of the field of view (1 mark)
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(b) Brightness of the image (1 mark)
____________________________________________________________________________
(c) Details of the specimen (1 mark)
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(iv) State the direction of the image if Tom moved the slide under the microscope to the left. (1 mark)
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##
(i) magnification = 10/ 0.025 (1 mark)
= 400X (1 mark)
(ii) The image is inverted. (1 mark)
(iii) (1) magnification = 5×10 (1 mark)
= 50X (1 mark)
(2) (a) Area of the field of view becomes smaller. (1 mark)
(b) The image becomes dimmer. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
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(c) The specimen could be examined in a more detailed way. (1 mark)
(iv) The image would move to the right. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
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Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:
MICROSCOPE
Robert Hooke made the first microscope and used the term “cells” to describe the tiny
box-like units in 1665. Later, during the period 1839 - 1858, Schleiden, Schwann and Virchov
developed the cell theory. In 1933, the electron microscope was invented by a scientist named
Ruska.
(i) Name the type of microscope commonly used in a secondary school laboratory. (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) State THREE ideas about all cells in the cell theory. (3 marks)
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(iii) When will a scientist use an electron microscope? (1 mark)
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(iv) In preparing a temporary slide, the specimen is placed in a drop of fluid on a small piece of glass called
a slide. It is then covered with a much thinner piece of glass called a cover slip.
(1) Give a suitable example of the fluid used in mounting a transparent specimen. (1 mark)
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(2) State TWO uses of the cover slip. (2 marks)
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(v) Name the part of a microscope which can be used to adjust the amount of light passing through the
specimen. (1 mark)
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(i) compound light microscope (1 mark)
(ii) All living organisms are made up of cells. (1 mark)
The cell is the basic unit. (1 mark)
Every cell originates from a pre-existing cell. (1 mark)
(iii) At the time when viewing very small structures such as viruses or cell organelles (1 mark)
(iv) (1) stain (1 mark)
(2) to flatten the specimen (1 mark)
to prevent fluid from evaporating (1 mark)
(v) iris diaphragm (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQB00300015|!|
* Zoe was asked to estimate the size of a water flea. She first chose a 4X eyepiece and a 10X objective. Then
she placed a transparent mm-ruler on the stage. Fig. A shows what she found:
Fig. A
She then looked at a water flea under the microscope at the same magnification. Fig. B shows its appearance:
Fig. B
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(i) Work out as accurately as possible
(1) the diameter of the field of view. (1 mark)
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(2) the actual length of the water flea. (1 mark)
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(ii) Calculate the magnification. Show your working. (2 marks)
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(iii) It was a bad idea to have too much light passing through the animal. Explain. (1 mark)
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(iv) Zoe attempted to look at another specimen under the microscope at the same magnification, but she
could not see anything at all. Suggest TWO reasons for her unsuccessful attempt. (2 marks)
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(v) Zoe was advised not to use the coarse adjustment knob to move the objective downwards while looking
down the microscope. Suggest a reason. (1 mark)
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(vi) When mounting the water flea, it was important not to put too much fluid on the slide. Suggest a
reason. (1
mark)
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##
(i) (1) diameter = 9 mm (1 mark)
(2) length = 3 mm (1 mark)
(ii) magnification = 4 x 10 (1 mark)
= 40X (1 mark)
(iii) Too much light would speed up the evaporation of water and dry up the temporary slide. (1 mark)
(iv) The specimen may be too small and invisible at the magnification used. (1 mark)
The specimen may be outside the field of view. (1 mark)
(v) Doing this might break the slide. (1 mark)
(vi) Too much water would cause the cover slip to float and move around. (1 mark)
_________
(9 marks)##
|!|EQA00300016|!|
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The diagram below shows the relative sizes of a virus and some cells:
A B C D
cm =10-2m
mm=10-3m
-6
μ m=10 m
-9
nm =10 m
virus bacterium animal cell plant cell
(i) Which of the above substances (A-D) can be observed under a light microscope? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) What can be used to observe the substance(s) that is/are not included in your answer in (i)?
(1 mark)
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(iii) When you are using a light microscope, how can you adjust the distance between the specimen and the
objective lens to get a sharp image? (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) What is the function of the condenser control knob? (1 mark)
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(v) Why are the specimens usually stained before microscopic observation? (2 marks)
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##
(i) B, C and D (2 marks)
(ii) electron microscope (1 mark)
(iii) Use the coarse adjustment knob and then the fine adjustment. (2 marks)
(iv) To control the position of the condenser in order to obtain optimum lighting. (1 mark)
(v) Since some parts of the specimen are transparent or very light in colour, staining would enable us to
see the details of the specimen more clearly. (2 marks)
__________
(8 marks)##
|!|EQA00300017|!|
A compound microscope consists of the following lenses:
 a 5X eyepiece
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 a 10X objective
 a 20X objective
(i) What is the highest magnification of this compound microscope? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(ii) What does “field of view” mean? (1 mark)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Thirteen cells are seen in low power observation. How many intact cells can be seen under high power
observation? (2 marks)
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##
(i) (5 x 20) X = 100X (1 mark)
(ii) The area of a slide which can be viewed under a microscope. (1 mark)
(iii) The number of cells seen under high power = 13 x (0.5) 2 = 3.25 (1 mark)
Whole number (integral number) of cells seen under high power = 3 (1 mark)
_________
(4 marks)##
|!|EQA00300018|!|
The diagram below shows a compound microscope:
E
D
G
B
F
(i) Give the names of the following parts. (2 marks)

A: ___________________ E: ____________________
D: ___________________ F: ____________________
(ii) What is the function of G? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
A slide of a transverse section of a specimen was put under the compound microscope. The following three
photographs were taken during the adjustments:
(a) (b) (c)
(iii) Before any calibrations were made, the image formed is shown in (a).
Which part(s) can we alter so that we can get a clearer image? (1 mark)
______________________________________________________________________________
(iv) After that, we ran into another problem, as shown in (b). What adjustments to the microscope, other
than changing the angle of F, should we make so that we can get an image like that shown in (c)? (1
mark)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(v) In order to get a more detailed image of the specimen, the magnification was changed from low power
to high power.
(1) Write down 2 precautions for switching to a high power observation. (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(2) Compare the images observed using low power with that observed using high power.
(4 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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##
(i) A: eyepiece E: objective
D: iris diaphragm F: mirror (½ mark each) (2 marks)
(ii) They hold the slide in position on the stage. (1 mark)
(iii) Part B. (or the coarse and then the fine adjustment) (1 mark)
(iv) We can adjust or close the iris diaphragm slightly to reduce the amount of light entering the condenser
and reaching the stage. (1 mark)
(v) (1) While rotating the nosepiece into position, we must watch from the side carefully so that the
objective does not crash the slide. (1 mark)
Never move the body tube downwards while refocusing. / Focusing only by raising the body tube.
(1 mark)
(2)
Low power observation High power observation
Area of field of view larger smaller (2 marks)
Image brightness lighter dimmer (2 marks)
__________
(11 marks)##
________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 03 Question

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Chapter 03 Question

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New Biology – a modern approach 1

Chapter 3: The cell as the basic unit of life

(i) Name structures A and B. (2 marks)

(i) Name organelle X and state its function. (2 marks)

(i) Name structures A,

(i) Name parts A to E. (2½ marks)

A. B. C. __

T: W: Y: __

A. B. C. __

D. E. F. __

(iii) State the differences between A and D with respect to their

(i) Give the names of the following parts. (2 marks)

(a) (b) (c)

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