HYDROLOGY REPORT

1. Introduction
Proposed weir site is located on the river Lutkho. The proposed weir site is about 24 km
from Chitral town towards north. River Lutkho is the right tributary of river Chitral. This
report briefs about the work done by the hydrology team so far which includes the
summary of the previous study by T! for the "hogo#sin$ the drainage area$ data
collected$ climatology of the area$ flow study and flood study for the proposed
hydropower pro%ect.
The pre#feasibility study will include the characteristics of the drainage basin$
climatology$ river network generation and watershed delineation$ and flood estimation.
1.2. Drainage area
The drainage area of the river Lutkho is more than 2&4' km
2
as reported in the T!
(2))*+ report. The mean elevation of the catchment area is &,2* m.a.s.l. -ost of the
watershed remains covered with snow and glaciers in winter season. The flow in the
river is mainly due to snow melting.
The discharge data of the river Chitral at Chitral stream gauging station is collected by
the Consultants from "./P$ .0P10 from *,24 to 2))2. 0nnual flows are shown in
3igure *.2.
The catchment area of river Lutkho up to the proposed weir site ("hogo+ is about 2&4'
km
2
. The runoff potential of the watershed is high. The river carries both snowmelt flows
and rainfall#runoff flows. There is moderate vegetation cover over the watershed. The
catchment areas of main river Chitral and Lutkho are shown in 3igure *.2 for the Pro%ect
0rea.
*
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
B_ch
B_sin
B_shogo
L10ch
% !i"2u
# H#du2
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
#
#
#
#
# #
#
#
#
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#
#
#
B_ch
B_sin
B_shogo
L10ch
% !i"2u
# H#du2
# Hydrology Station
% Meteorological Station
River Network
Shogo Catchment

Sin Catchment
Chitral
Sin P.H.
Shah-Re-Sham
Shogore
Shogo Weir
Golen Gol
a!"ka
Re#h"n
"ni $ani Pa##
re%
Shand"r
&hot Pa##
'hok Madak
$hendoli P.H.
Sh"#hgai 'm
ang
3or the delineation of the watershed boundary of "hogo weir site$ one pour point was
selected on the river Lutkho at the coordinates of "hogo. The watershed boundary$
generated river network and locations of the climatological and hydrological gauging
stations are shown in 3igure *.2.
The elevation in the watershed varies from 2))' masl to 4&25 masl. The highest slope in
the watershed is 546 and lowest ).) 6 with a standard deviation of 2).556. The
average slope of the watershed is &2.426.
1.$. %etting u& o' H#dro("et stations
Three stream flow gauging stations were established by the consultants working on
"hogo "in /ydropower pro%ect in 2)),$ one on the upstream of the weir site$ second on
the downstream of the weir site and third on the downstream of the powerhouse site. 7n
all three stream gauging stations$ staff gauges are installed where flow measurements
are being made on hourly basis from 5 a.m. to 'p.m.
/owever$ discharge measurements with the current meter are also made at two sites
due to availability of suspension bridges. 7ne is on the upstream of the weir site and
other on the downstream of the powerhouse site. 1ischarge measurements are started
from 24th 0pril$ 2)), at the rate of thrice per week in summer season and twice per
week in winter season and sampling will be continued till *'th 7ctober$ 2)),.
"uspended sediment load measurements by depth integrating suspended load sampler
is carried out twice per week in low flow season and thrice in high flow season.
2. Data o!!ected
"everal datasets were collected to carry out the hydrological studies for the pro%ect area
at feasibility stage.
2.1 Te"&ora! Data
2.1.1 !i"ato!ogica! Data
Climatological data collected for the detailed study of the watershed area of the
hydropower pro%ect is given in Table 2.*8 Climatological data includes8
1aily precipitation
1aily temperatures
1aily humidity
1aily "un "hine hours
The detail of the climatological data at several stations with period of records is
presented in Table 2.*. Rainfall and temperature data is available for all stations$
whereas relative humidity data are available only for five stations$ i.e. Chitral$ 9asin$ :hot
Pass$ "hendure and 1hok -addak. -oreover$ the evaporation and wind speed data
record is not available at any station. "un shine hours data is only available at Chitral
and 1hok -addak stations.
2.1.2 H#dro!ogica! Data
"eventeen hydrological stations were available from where flow$ instantaneous peaks
and sediment discharge data were available; these stations were setup and are being
maintained by the "./P$ .0P10 and "/917. The flow and instantaneous peak flow
2
* <uni ol <uni "/917 *,,4 * 2) *.*2 ).)2
2 1arkhot ol <rep "/917 *,55#*,,* = *,,' ' *5 ).2* ).)*
& 7%har ol "hogore "/917 *,44$ ,' = *,,4 & *5) 4.'' ).)&
4 Reshun ol Reshun "/917 *,55 # *,,& 2 *)2 &.)2 ).)&
' "hyok 9ogo "./P *,4& # 2))2 &4 &&24) &'4.'2 ).)*
2 "higar "higar "./P *,5'#*,,5$2))* *' 22*) *,2.', ).)&
4 /un>a 1ainyor <ridge "./P *,22 # 2))4 4* *&*'4 &2,.&& ).)&
5 ilgit ilgit "./P *,2& # *,4& = *,5)#2))2 &5 *2),' &&'.44 ).)&
, 0stor 1oyian "./P *,4& # 2))2 &4 4)4) *&2.,4 ).)&
*) ?ndus "hatial "./P *,54 # 2))2 2) *'')2) 2)2'.22 ).)*
** Chitral Chitral "./P *,24#*,5) = *,52#2))2 42 **4)) 244.)) ).)2
*2 Pun%kora !ulam <ridge "./P *,,, # 2))2 5 **2.55
*& ha>i Phander "./P *,,4 # 2))& = 2))' # )2 , *424 2,.4) ).)2
*4 olen ol -astu% <ridge "./P *,,2 # 2))2 ** ')) *4.2, ).)&
*' olen ol <abuka "./P *,,2 # *,,5 = 2))2 # )& , '*5 *2.42 ).)&
*2 "hishi 1rosh "./P *,54$ *,55 = 2))2 & &,4 *4.52 ).)4
*4 Lutkho "hah#Re#sham "./P *,54 = *,55 2 244& &,.)) ).)2
%&eci'ic )
*"
+
,sec,-"
%r.
.o.
.o. o'
Years
/rea
*-"
2
0
/nnua! Dai!#
1ean *"
+
,sec0
Duration o' Data %ource
Gauging
%tation
Ri2er .a"e
data were collected for all these stations to carry out regional analysis for flows and
floods. The detailed summary for the availability of flood data and their record lengths
are given in Table 2.*.
Ta3!e 2.14 %trea" '!o5 Data o!!ected 'or detai!ed stud# o' the Pro6ect
+. LI1/TOLOGY
To study the climatology of the proposed "hogo#"in /ydropower Pro%ect$ analysis has
been carried#out and presented for the Chitral climatological gauging station only so far.
/owever$ analysis on the other stations is in progress.
+.1. Preci&itation
The daily precipitation data at Chitral rain gauging station is available for *4 years from
*,,2 # 2))5. The rainfall data have been used to compute average rainfall of the locality
on daily basis$ monthly basis and annual basis for last *4 years. <ased on the *4 years
precipitation data record$ the ma@imum daily precipitation was observed on *)th
7ctober$ 2))4 as *), mm and ma@imum annual precipitation was recorded as 4*, mm
in year *,,2. 3igure &.* shows monthly precipitation over the Chitral climatological
station and depicts that on average basis$ ma@imum rainfall occurs in the month of
-arch and minimum occurs in the months of Auly and 0ugust. The average monthly
temporal distribution of the precipitation reveals that the peak appears in the month of
-arch with a magnitude of rainfall as *** mm$ whereas$ lowest precipitation appears in
the month of 0ugust.
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9igure +.14 1onth!# &reci&itation at hitra! *1??2 ( 200>0
+.2 Re!ati2e hu"idit#
There are several stations where relative humidity data is available and collected$
however$ only Chitral climatological station relative humidity data is analy>ed which were
collected from Pakistan -eteorological 1epartment from *,,2 to 2))5. Relative humidity
is measured in 6 at 5a.m and 'p.m daily.
The results show that relative humidity is ma@imum in the month of 1ecember with a
value of 4& 6 and is minimum in the month of Aune with a value of 24 6 as shown in
3igure &.2.
9igure +.24 1ean "onth!# re!ati2e hu"idit# *<0 'or hitra! *1??2 ( 200>
4
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+.+ /ir te"&erature
The average monthly air temperatures at Chitral gauging station are presented in 3igure
&.'$ which shows that the highest temperatures are observed in the month of Auly$ which
is 25
o
C on average basis. The lowest average daily temperature is 4.2
o
C and is found
in the month of Aanuary. 7n average$ the results reveal that Aanuary is the coldest and
Auly is the hottest month of the study area.
9igure +.+4 1ean "onth!# te"&erature o' hitra!
The mean annual temperatures from *,,2 to 2))5 are presented in 3igure &.4$ which
shows that the mean annual temperature of 2))* was the highest with a numerical value
of *4.4
o
C.
'
*
7%har ol "hogore "/917 *,44$ ,' = *,,4 & *5) 4.'' 2'.25
2
Lutkho "hah#Re#sham "./P *,54 = *,55 2 244& &, *'.,2
&
olen ol <abuka "./P
*,,2 # *,,5 = 2))2 #
2))&
, '*5 *2.42 &2.&2
4
Reshun ol Reshun "/917 *,55 # *,,& 2 *)2 &.)2 2,.2*
'
olen ol -astu% <ridge "./P *,,2 # 2))2 ** ')) *4.2, 25.'5
Ri2er .a"e
%&eci'ic )
*Litre,sec,-"
2
0
%r.
.o.
Data Years
/rea *-"
2
0
/nnua! Dai!# 1ean
*"
+
,sec0
Duration o' Data %ource
Gauging
%tation
9igure +.$4 1ean /nnua! te"&erature o' hitra!
+.$ E2a&oration
The evaporation data is not available at any climatological station in the Chitral Region.
"o monthly reference crop evaporation is calculated at Chitral by using CR7P.0T
software.
$. 9!o5 stud#
$.1 9!o5 stud# 'or Lut-hu Ri2er
3low study for Lutkhu river near weir site includes the flow data$ approach to generate
average flow at the weir site$ average *)#daily flows$ average monthly and annual flows
at the weir site$ flow duration curves and flow mass curve.
0s longer discharge data record is neither available at the weir site nor closer to the weir
site$ hence average flows at the weir site were estimated by carrying out regional
analysis approach.
$.1.1 9!o5 data
3or the flow study of the weir site by regional analysis approach$ flow data of *4 stream
gauging stations was collected which are shown in Table 2.*. /owever$ for the study$
only five stream gauging stations of the Chitral watershed were selected being having
similar climatological and hydrological characteristics. These five stream gauging
stations details are given in Table 4.*. Bnfortunately not much longer flow data record is
available at these stations. 3or regional analysis$ the data of Chitral stream gauging
station was not included in the study as it gets relatively more flow contribution by snow
melting and rainfall#runoff. The reason for selecting other ' watersheds is that in these
watersheds the glacier e@tents and thicknesses are nearly similar as the watershed
under study.
?n case of glaciered watersheds$ most of the flows are generated due to glacier melting$
very less due to snow melting and little due to rainfall#runoff (around '6+. 3or Chitral
watershed$ usually in -ay and Aune$ contribution to flow is more by snow melting$
however$ contribution to flow is dominant by glacier melting in Auly and 0ugust.
Ta3!e $.14 %trea" gauging stations used 'or the '!o5 stud# o' the &ro6ect
3or the generation of the temporal distribution of the flows (daily$ *)#daily$ monthly and
annual+$ the discharge data of "hah#Re#"ham stream gauging station for one year from
Aune *,54 to Aune *,55 (which is situated few km downstream of the weir site+ in
combination with Chitral gauging station data from *,24 to *,5) = *,52 to 2))2 (42
years+ were used.
?n this way total length of the flow data record generated was 42 years for the weir site.

2
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10 100 1C000 10C000 100C000
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$.1.2. 9!o5 Generation 'or the Deir site 3# using Regiona! /na!#sis
0s discussed earlier$ flows at the weir site were generated using regional analysis
approach. 3ive stream gauging stations were selected for the study. The graphical
relationship between average flows and watershed area is shown in 3igure 4.*. 3igure
shows that there is increasing trend in the average flows with the increase in watershed
area. The average specific flows were also computed$ they range from *2 to &2
LitresCsCkm
2
. The graphical relationship between specific discharge as a function of
watershed area in the region is shown in 3igure 4.*. ?t shows that the specific discharge
in the region has an inverse relationship with the watershed area. .ith increase in
watershed area$ the specific discharge decreases.
9igure $.14 Regiona! ana!#sis 'or a2erage '!o5s
3rom regional analysis$ power eDuation was developed to estimate the average flow in
the region as given below8
( )
9637 . 0
0682 . 0 A Q =
4.1
.here$ Q is the average daily flow in m
&
Cs and A is the area of watershed in km
2
. Bsing
eDuation (4.*+$ will give the average flow at the weir site in m
&
Cs.
$.1.+. Generation o' te"&ora! distri3ution o' '!o5s
0s long daily or *)#daily flow data record is reDuired for the hydropower studies$ hence
the average flow at the weir site was disintegrated into daily$ *)#daily$ monthly and
annual distributions with the aid of "hah#Re#"ham flow data. To obtain longer flow data
4
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record at the "hah#Re#"ham and weir site$ Chitral stream gauging station data was
incorporated in the analysis.
The trends of temporal distributions of flows at the "hah#Re#"ham and Chitral gauging
stations were plotted and shown in 3igure 4.2. The trend of daily flows of the "hah#Re#
"ham and Chitral stream gauging stations show that "hah#Re#"ham flows are relatively
higher in -ay$ Aune and Auly$ whereas these are relatively lower in 0ugust and
"eptember as compared to Chitral.
9igure $.24 Te"&ora! trends o' '!o5s at %hah(Re(%ha" and hitra! strea" gauging
stations
1aily flows were generated at "hah#Re#"ham using daily flow data of Chitral stream
gauging station for the whole available record. To generate daily flows at "hah#Re#
"ham$ graphical relationships were developed between the flow data of "hah#Re#"ham
and Chitral stream gauging stations for each month separately.
0fter transforming the daily flow data at the weir site$ daily$ *)#daily$ monthly and annual
flows were computed at the weir site. Considering the generated daily flows at the weir
site for 42 years from *,24 to 2))2 by regional analysis and monthly models$ the
minimum$ average and ma@imum daily flows were found as 2.4,$ 4'.& and 2'2.2, m
&
Cs
respectively.
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9igure $.+4 o"&arison o' '!o5s 3et5een si"u!ated and o3ser2ed '!o5s at %hah(
Re(%ha"
$.1.+. /2erage dai!# 9!o5 h#drogra&h
0fter generation of the daily flows at the weir site from "hah#Re#"ham stream gauging
station using 42 years data record$ the daily average flows were computed and plotted
as shown in 3igure 4.&. The average peak value of discharge is *2&.*4 m
&
Cs and
appears in the month of Aune. Aanuary carry lower flows$ a value of *2.2* m
&
Cs may be
taken as the base flow.
$.1.$. /2erage 10(dai!# '!o5s
The averages of the *) consecutive daily flows were also computed and plotted as
shown in 3igure 4.4. The last *)#daily of the month of Aune appeared as the ma@imum
*)#daily flow of the year having a value of *4&.*&m
&
Cs.
9igure $.$4 Generated "ean 10(dai!# '!o5s at 5eir site
$.1.7 /2erage "onth!# '!o5s
The mean monthly flows for Luthko river are shown in 3igure 4.'. The highest flow
appears in the month of Auly with a value of *&2.*5 m
&
Cs and minimum in the month of
3ebruary with a value of *&.*4 m
&
Cs. -onthly temporal distribution of flows show that it
has a single peak and that is in the month of Auly. Chitral precipitation peak is in -arch.
This discrepancy in the shapes shows the snow and glacier melt contribution in hotter
months as in the months of -ay$ Aune and Auly temperatures are higher.
,
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/2erage Year
Det Year
Dr# Year
9igure $.74 Generated "ean "onth!# '!o5s at 5eir site
$.1.=. /nnua! 9!o5s
The temporal distribution of the mean annual flows generated are given in 3igure 4.2
from *,24 to 2))2. The 3igure shows that mean annual flow was highest in *,4& having
a value of '2.4m
&
Cs and minimum mean annual flow was in *,24 with a value of
&4.5m
&
Cs.
9igure $.=4 Generated "ean annua! '!o5s at 5eir site

$.1.B. 9!o5 duration ur2es
3our flow duration curves at the weir site were generated and are presented in the
report. Three flow duration curves are shown combined$ one on the basis of the driest
year (*,24+$ second flow duration curve is for the average flow year (*,,*+ and third flow
duration curve is for the wettest year (*,4&+ in the data record and are shown in 3igure
4.4.
9igure $.B4 9!o5 duration cur2e 'or the driest #ear *1?=$0C a2erage #ear *1??10 and
5ettest #ear *1?B+0
*)
0
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+=
7$
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12=
1$$
1=2
1>0
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3ourth flow duration curve is based on average daily flows (*,24#2))2+ at the weir site
and is shown in 3igures 4.5.
9igure $.>4 9!o5 duration cur2e at the 5eir site on a2erage dai!# '!o5s
7. 9!ood %tud#
Estimation of peak discharge is important for making the structures for hydropower
development safe from damage due to flooding at proposed site. ?n the absence of long
term data available at site$ alternate methods have been employed for the estimation of
peak floods for the design of the pro%ect. These methods includes
Regional analysis
3lood 3reDuency 0nalysis
T! Regional method
7.1. 9!ood %tud# 'or 5eir site
3lood study for the weir site was carried out by regional analysis approach$ for which ,
stream gauging stations flood data was used. These , stream gauging stations are
shown in Table '.*. 0ll stream gauging stations were selected on the basis of having
glaciered catchments$ moreover$ longer data records (greater than *) years+ as
freDuency analysis results are not reliable for shorter data lengths. /owever$ for Phander
and <abuka$ only , years data record length is available and included in the analysis as
closer to *) years.
**
# @ 0.0>?7A
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"hyok 9ogo "./P *,4& # 2))2 &4 &&24) &'4.'2 *).'&
2
"higar "higar "./P *,5'#*,,5$2))* *' 22*) *,2.', 2,.*4
&
/un>a 1ainyor <ridge "./P *,22 # 2))4 4* *&*'4 &2,.&& 2'.)&
4
ilgit ilgit "./P *,2& # *,4& = *,5)#2))2 &5 *2),' &&'.44 24.44
'
0stor 1oyian "./P *,4& # 2))2 &4 4)4) *&2.,4 &&.,)
2
Chitral Chitral "./P *,24#*,5) = *,52#2))2 42 **4)) 244 24.&)
4
ha>i Phander "./P *,,4 # 2))& = 2))' # )2 , *424 2,.4 2).2'
5
olen ol -astu% <ridge "./P *,,2 # 2))2 ** ')) *4.2, 25.'5
,
olen ol <abuka "./P
*,,2 # *,,5 = 2))2 #
2))&
, '*5 *2.42 &2.&2
%&eci'ic )
*Litre,sec,-"
2
0
%r.
.o.
Data Years
/rea *-"
2
0
/nnua! Dai!# 1ean
*"
+
,sec0
Duration o' Data %ource
Gauging
%tation
Ri2er .a"e
Ta3!e 7.14 %trea" gauging stations used 'or the 9!ood Regiona! /na!#sis
The flood freDuency analysis was carried out on each of the selected stream gauging
stations by using umbel e@treme value Type#? distribution using available
instantaneous peak daily discharges. The relationships for 'year are shown in figure '.*.
9igure 7.14 07 #ears return &eriod '!oods in the region
*2
The floods at "hogo weir site obtained by the regional flood analysis approach are given
in Table '.2 for eight return periods i.e.$ *)$ 2)$ *))$ '))$ *))) and *)$))) years. These
flood values are also compared with T! computed floods in the same Table.
Ta3!e 7.24 o"&arison o' '!oods at %hogo 5eir 5ith GTE *20010 stud#
Return Periods
*#ears0
B# Regiona! /na!#sis
*"
+
,sec0
B# Pre2ious %tudies
*"
+
,sec0
' 252 #
*) &4, '5)
2) 4), #
*)) '2' *4')
')) 4*& #
*))) 422 242)
*)$))) ,)4
Comparison shows that T! (2))*+ estimated floods are much greater than the
computed floods. The reason might be considering several rainfall#runoff watersheds for
the regional study which have always a higher and sharper flood peak as compared to
floods in glaciered regions.
0ctually in case of flood data of glaciered watersheds$ the standard deviation in the data
remains relatively smaller$ which reduces the slope of freDuency distribution curve and
hence the flood magnitudes at higher return periods.
7.2 Esti"ation o' 9!oods 3# 9reFuenc# /na!#sis
The available information of Lutkho River at weir site is not available. /owever$ sufficient
floods have been recorded in the main river at Chitral. E@trapolation of the observed
floods record from a larger catchment to smaller sub#catchments is not so accurate
because the floods in smaller catchments usually show larger specific discharges than
the ones of the larger catchments. Refer to feasibility report of Lawi /ydropower Pro%ect
(.0P10 2))2+ relationships have been developed in the same region to determine the
specific ma@imum discharge for accurate estimation of peak discharge. Relationship
applied for converting the data of Chitral gauging station to the pro%ect dam site shall be
as under8
F* G F2 (0*C02+
n
.here8
F* G Estimated peak discharge reDuired at the dam site on "hishi river (m&Cs+
F2 G Recorded peak discharge at the Chitral gauging station on Chitral river (m&Cs+
0* G Catchment area of "hishi river upstream of the proposed dam site (km2+
02 G Catchment area of Chitral river upstream of Chitral stream gauging station (km2+
Bniversally$ n values ranging from ).& to ).5 have been applied. The value of n
calibrated by .0P10 and recommended for Chitral River <asin is ).'. <ased on the
transposition factor of ).'$ instantaneous peak discharges at proposed weir site were
transposed and flood freDuency analysis was carried out for different probability
distributions. The observed flood freDuency is computed and plotted in 3ig '.2 to
*&
evaluate the skewness of freDuency distribution. The data was checked for outliers and
its consistency.
9igure 7.2 o"&uted Pea- Discharge at Deir %ite
T/BLE 7.+ %u""ar# Resu!ts o' 9!ood 9reFuenc# /na!#sisC %hogo %in HPP
9igure 7.+ 9!ood 9reFuenc# ur2es
o"&uted Pea- Discharge
Luth-o Ri2er
)
*))
2))
&))
4))
'))
2))
4))
5))
,))
*)))
*
,
2
4
*
,
2
4
*
,
4
)
*
,
4
&
*
,
4
2
*
,
4
,
*
,
5
2
*
,
5
'
*
,
5
5
*
,
,
*
*
,
,
4
*
,
,
4
2
)
)
)
2
)
)
&
2
)
)
2
P
e
a
k

F
*4
9!ood 9reFuenc# /na!#sis ate Deir site
%hogo %in HPP
)
2))
4))
2))
5))
*)))
*2))
*4))
* *) *)) *))) *))))
Return Period
P
e
a
k

1
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e

(
c
u
m
e
c
s
+
umbel --
Pearson T#* --
Log Pearson --
Lognormal -L
-ean
7bserved
9igure 7.$ 9!ood 9reFuenc# ur2es GGu"3e! "ethod
7.$ Design 9!oods
Comparison of results by the three alternate methods are give in Table#'.'. The results
computed by relationship with peak floods in sub catchments are recommended for the
design purpose.
Ta3!e 7.7 o"&arison o' Resu!ts *"
+
,sec0
1ethod
Recurrence Regiona! GTE 9!ood
Inter2a! /na!#sis Regiona! 9reFuenc#
*Years0 *Present %tud#0 1ethod /na!#sis
' 2,, **22 2)4
*) &24 *&)* 24)
*)) '2) *,2) 544
')) 2,& # *)24
*))) 44, 24'5 *),*
*)))) ,&4 &)*4 *&25
The peak flood at proposed site for the design of the weir may be adopted$ *&25 m
&
Cs for
*)$)))#year return period.
=. O.L:%IO.%
The *)$))) years return period flood for the weir site is worked out as *&25 m
&
Cs.
3or the estimation of design flood for the weir site$ it is essential to assess the
magnitude of the L73 (lacier Lake 7utburst 3lood+ due to breakage of a
*'
natural ice dam on the upstream of the weir site. This will be done by carrying out
dam break study for the natural ice dam.
B. RE9ERE.E%4
?. T!$ (2))*+$ ?dentification of hydropower development Potential in Chitral Halley$
I.3P Pakistan$ volume * of &$ Chapters ) to *2$ overnment of Pakistan$
-inistry of .ater and power in collaboration with erman 0gency for Technical
Co#operation.
??. "./P (2))5+$ 2))2 annual report of river and climatological data of Pakistan$
Hol#?$ River discharge$ sediment and Duality data$ "urface .ater /ydrology
Pro%ect$ "./P Publication no. 22$ .0P10$ Lahore$ Pakistan$ 2))2.
???. "./P (2))5+$ "ediment 0ppraisal of Pakistan Rivers$ *,2)#2))'$ "urface .ater
/ydrology Pro%ect$ "./P Publication no. 24$ .0P10$ Lahore$ Pakistan$ pp. &4.
?H. .0P10 (2))2+ 3easibility studies$ Lawi /PP$ Chital <asin
H. PP?< 3easibility study of "hogo "in /PP
*2