DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

Construction of GP Building with population above 5000

Design Parametres:-
Unit weight of RCC = 25KN/cum
Concrete mix : M25
Steel : Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement : 25mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415N/sqmm
Item
S1(End Panel)--Two
adjacent edges
discontinuous
S2(End Panel)--
Two adjacent
edges
discontinuous
S3(End Panel)-
-Two adjacent
edges
discontinuous
S4(End
Panel)--one
short edge
discontinuou
s
S5(Portico
slab)--Three
edges
discontinuou
s
Length of slab panel l
y
in m 3.51 3.51 5.64 3.51 2.06
Width of slab panel l
x
in m 3.51 2.93 2.93 2.13 1.83
l
y
/l
x
1 1.2 1.92 1.65 1.13
Overall depth required in mm 110 92 92 67 57
Width of slab panel considered 'b' in
'm'
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Depth provided 'D' in 'm' 0.115 0.115 0.115 0.115 0.1
Dia.of bars assumed 8mm 8mm 8mm 8mm 8mm
Dead load in KN/sqm 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.50
Live load in KN/sqm 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Floor finishes in KN/sqm 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Total Load in KN/sqm 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.50 7.00
Short span(-) moment coefficient at
continuous edge
0.047 0.060 0.089 0.089 0.067
Short span(-) moment at continuous
edge
4.34 3.86 5.73 3.03 1.57
Short span(+) moment coefficient at
mid span
0.035 0.045 0.067 0.067 0.050
Short span(+) moment at mid span 3.23 2.90 4.31 2.28 1.17
Long span(-) moment coefficient at
continuous edge
0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.057
Long span(-) moment at continuous
edge
4.34 3.02 3.02 1.60 1.34
Long span(+) moment coefficient at
mid span
0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.043
Long span(+) moment at mid span 3.23 2.25 2.25 1.19 1.01
Design Moment M
e1(-)ve
in KN-m 6.51 5.79 8.59 4.54 2.36
Effective depth for balanced section
in 'mm'
48.57 45.81 55.79 40.56 29.22
Effective depth provided 'd' in 'mm' 86 86 86 86 71
Actual depth of neutral axis 'x
u
' in
'mm'
8.79 7.78 11.78 6.04 3.77
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'x
umax
'
in 'mm'
41.28 41.28 41.28 41.28 34.08
Area of steel required A
st
in 'mm
2
'
219.06 193.87 293.53 150.64 94
Main Steel provided at continuous
edge
8mm@150mm c/c 8mm@150mm c/c 8mm@150m
m c/c
8mm@150m
m c/c
8mm@200m
m c/c
Area of steel provided in mm
2
334.93 334.93 334.93 334.93 251.2
Design Moment M
e1(+)ve
in KN-m 4.85 4.34 6.47 3.42 1.76
Effective depth for balanced section
in 'mm'
41.91 39.67 48.4 35.19 25.24
Actual depth of neutral axis 'x
u
' in
'mm'
6.47 5.77 8.73 4.51 2.8
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB:-
Slab panel Description
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'x
umax
'
in 'mm'
41.28 41.28 41.28 41.28 34.08
Area of steel required A
st
in 'mm
2
'
161.22 143.93 217.54 112.54 69.74
Main Steel provided at mid span 8mm@150mm c/c 8mm@150mm c/c 8mm@150m
m c/c
8mm@150m
m c/c
8mm@200m
m c/c
Area of steel provided in mm
2
334.93 334.93 334.93 334.93 251.2
Design Moment M
e1(-)ve
in KN-
m(Long span)
6.51 4.54 4.54 2.40 2.00
Effective depth for balanced section
in 'mm'
48.57 40.54 40.54 29.47 26.95
Actual depth of neutral axis 'x
u
' in
'mm'
8.79 6.04 6.04 3.15 3.2
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'x
umax
'
in 'mm'
41.28 41.28 41.28 41.28 34.08
Area of steel required A
st
in 'mm
2
'
219.06 150.53 150.53 78.41 79.7
Dist. Steel provided at continuous
edge
8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175m
m c/c
8mm@175m
m c/c
8mm@200m
m c/c
Area of steel provided in mm
2
287.09 287.09 287.09 287.09 251.2
Dist.steel at mid span 8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175m
m c/c
8mm@175m
m c/c
8mm@200m
m c/c
Design Parametres:-
Concrete mix : M25
Steel : Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement : 40mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415N/sqmm
Item
Piles--
P1(6,7,13,14)
Piles--
P2(2,3,5,8,9,10,11)
Piles--
P3(1,4,12,15)
Max.Load 'P' in KN 480 395.7 264.3
Dia.of pile proposed in 'mm' 450 375 300
No.of Under Reams proposed 2 2 2
Dia.of under reamed in 'm' 1.125 0.94 0.75
Depth of the pile proposed in 'm' 4.50 3.75 3.50
Bearing capacity of the pile in KN 617.4 396.9 264.6
Main Reinforcement 7-12mm 5-12mm 4-12mm
Stirrups 8mm@300 c/c 8mm@300 c/c 8mm@300 c/c
(Note:-The above design is as per clauses 6.3, 6.3.1, 6.6 and 8.3.2.2 of IS 2911(PartIII)-1973 duly
reducing bearing resistence by 25% for submerged condition)
DESIGN OF PILES

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F3
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 147.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.45m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 493.00KN
493.00KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 73.950KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 566.95KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 220.50KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 2.57Sqm
Provide square footing of size 1.80mx1.80m,the area comes to 3.24Sqm
Width = 1.80m
Depth = 1.80m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 174.98KN/sqm
Design moment = 5.10KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 0.97cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 5.26KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 180.24KN/sqm <220.50KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 169.72KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 180.24KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 55.53KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,4,9,12)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 126.87mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 182.87mm
However assume 350mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 294.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 21.66mm
Area of steel required = 539.84sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 209mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 175mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 645.94Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.22
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 88.50KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.301N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.220%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.339 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 99.67KN
0.339 >0.301
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 2536mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 513.70KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.69 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.690
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 566.95KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 1164.38KN >566.95KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F2
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 147.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 408.25KN
408.25KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 61.238KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 469.49KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 220.50KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 2.13Sqm
Provide rectangular footing of size 1.65mx1.80m,the area comes to 2.97Sqm
Width = 1.65m
Depth = 1.80m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 158.08KN/sqm
Design moment = 3.00KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 0.89cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 3.37KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 161.45KN/sqm <220.50KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 154.71KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 161.45KN/sqm
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along width M
L
= 49.75KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along length M
B
= 40.69KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Depth of the footing required:-
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS(7,8,9,10,11,13,14)
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
L
= 49.75KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 120.08mm
Over all depth required assuming 16mm dia bars = = 178.08mm
However assume 300mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 242.00mm
Longitudinal direction:-
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 23.83mm
Area of steel required = 593.96sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 190mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 175mm along width
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 645.94Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.267
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 87.67KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.362N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.267%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.369 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 89.30KN
0.369 >0.362
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Transverse direction:-
Maximum factored bending moment = M
B
= 40.69KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Over all depth provided = 300.00mm
Effective depth assuming 10mm dia bars 245.00mm
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 19.08mm
Area of steel required = 475.55sqmm
Reinforcement in central band = 0.96
Total reinforcement
Reinforcement to be provided in central band = 454.87sqmm
Reinforcement to be provided in each edge band = 10.34sqmm
However provide 10mm dia bars at a spacing of 150mm along length
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 523.33Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.214
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 75.07KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.306N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.214%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.335 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 82.08KN
0.335 >0.306
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 1888mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 443.54KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.97 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.970
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 469.49KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >469.49KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F1
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 147.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 283.50KN
283.50KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 42.525KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 326.03KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 220.50KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 1.48Sqm
Provide square footing of size 1.40mx1.40m,the area comes to 1.96Sqm
Width = 1.40m
Depth = 1.40m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 166.34KN/sqm
Design moment = 4.05KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 0.46cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 8.80KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 175.14KN/sqm <220.50KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 157.54KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 175.14KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 29.97KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,2,3,4,5,12,15)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 93.20mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 149.20mm
However assume 250mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 194.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 17.86mm
Area of steel required = 445.09sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 254mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 200mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 565.20Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.291
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 68.48KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.353N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.291%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.381 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 73.91KN
0.381 >0.353
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 1696mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 311.80KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.95 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.950
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 326.03KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >326.03KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F3
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 98.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.45m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 493.00KN
493.00KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 73.950KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 566.95KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 147.00KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 3.86Sqm
Provide square footing of size 2.10mx2.10m,the area comes to 4.41Sqm
Width = 2.10m
Depth = 2.10m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 128.56KN/sqm
Design moment = 5.10KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 1.54cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 3.31KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 131.87KN/sqm <147.00KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 125.25KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 131.87KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 57.64KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,4,9,12)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 129.26mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 185.26mm
However assume 350mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 294.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 22.51mm
Area of steel required = 561.05sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 201mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 175mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 645.94Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.22
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 84.53KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.288N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.220%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.339 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 99.67KN
0.339 >0.288
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 2536mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 530.14KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.71 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.710
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 566.95KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 1164.38KN >566.95KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F2
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 98.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 408.25KN
408.25KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 61.238KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 469.49KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 147.00KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 3.19Sqm
Provide rectangular footing of size 1.80mx2.10m,the area comes to 3.78Sqm
Width = 1.80m
Depth = 2.10m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 124.20KN/sqm
Design moment = 3.00KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 1.32cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 2.27KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 126.47KN/sqm <147.00KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 121.93KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 126.47KN/sqm
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along width M
L
= 55.28KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along length M
B
= 38.97KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Depth of the footing required:-
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS(7,8,9,10,11,13,14)
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
L
= 55.28KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 126.58mm
Over all depth required assuming 16mm dia bars = = 184.58mm
However assume 350mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 292.00mm
Longitudinal direction:-
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 21.71mm
Area of steel required = 541.25sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 209mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 175mm along width
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 645.94Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.221
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 81.32KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.278N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.221%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.340 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 99.28KN
0.340 >0.278
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Transverse direction:-
Maximum factored bending moment = M
B
= 38.97KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Over all depth provided = 350.00mm
Effective depth assuming 10mm dia bars 295.00mm
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 15.00mm
Area of steel required = 373.87sqmm
Reinforcement in central band = 0.92
Total reinforcement
Reinforcement to be provided in central band = 345.11sqmm
Reinforcement to be provided in each edge band = 14.38sqmm
However provide 10mm dia bars at a spacing of 175mm along length
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 448.57Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.152
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 61.97KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.210N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.152%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.282 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 83.19KN
0.282 >0.210
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 2088mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 443.61KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.73 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.730
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 469.49KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >469.49KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F1
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 98.00KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 283.50KN
283.50KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 42.525KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 326.03KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 147.00KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 2.22Sqm
Provide square footing of size 1.60mx1.60m,the area comes to 2.56Sqm
Width = 1.60m
Depth = 1.60m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 127.36KN/sqm
Design moment = 4.05KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 0.68cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 5.96KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 133.32KN/sqm <147.00KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 121.40KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 133.32KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 31.28KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,2,3,4,5,12,15)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 95.22mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 151.22mm
However assume 300mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 244.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 14.61mm
Area of steel required = 364.23sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 310mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 200mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 565.20Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.232
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 58.79KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.241N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.232%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.347 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 84.67KN
0.347 >0.241
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 1896mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 311.34KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.67 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.670
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 326.03KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >326.03KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F3
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 73.50KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.45m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 493.00KN
493.00KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 73.950KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 566.95KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 110.25KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 5.14Sqm
Provide square footing of size 2.40mx2.40m,the area comes to 5.76Sqm
Width = 2.40m
Depth = 2.40m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 98.43KN/sqm
Design moment = 5.10KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 2.30cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 2.22KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 100.65KN/sqm <110.25KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 96.21KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 100.65KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 59.24KN-m
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,4,9,12)
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 131.04mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 187.04mm
However assume 350mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 294.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 23.15mm
Area of steel required = 577.17sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 150mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 150mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 753.60Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.256
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 79.61KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.271N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.256%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.363 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 106.72KN
0.363 >0.271
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 2536mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 540.49KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.72 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.720
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 566.95KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 1164.38KN >566.95KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F2
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 73.50KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 408.25KN
408.25KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 61.238KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 469.49KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 110.25KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 4.26Sqm
Provide rectangular footing of size 1.80mx2.60m,the area comes to 4.68Sqm
Width = 1.80m
Depth = 2.60m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 100.32KN/sqm
Design moment = 3.00KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 2.03cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 1.48KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 101.80KN/sqm <110.25KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 98.84KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 101.80KN/sqm
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along width M
L
= 71.47KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
The maximum bending moment at the face of the column wrt the section along length M
B
= 31.37KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Depth of the footing required:-
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS(7,8,9,10,11,13,14)
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
L
= 71.47KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 143.93mm
Over all depth required assuming 16mm dia bars = = 201.93mm
However assume 350mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 292.00mm
Longitudinal direction:-
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 28.35mm
Area of steel required = 706.73sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 160mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 150mm along width
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 753.60Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.258
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 90.91KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.311N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.258%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.363 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 106.00KN
0.363 >0.311
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Transverse direction:-
Maximum factored bending moment = M
B
= 31.37KN-m
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Over all depth provided = 350.00mm
Effective depth assuming 10mm dia bars 295.00mm
Calculation of reinforcement :-
The actual depth of neutral axis = 12.02mm
Area of steel required = 299.66sqmm
Reinforcement in central band = 0.82
Total reinforcement
Reinforcement to be provided in central band = 245.18sqmm
Reinforcement to be provided in each edge band = 27.24sqmm
However provide 10mm dia bars at a spacing of 150mm along length
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 523.33Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.177
Check for one way shear:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 49.88KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.169N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.177%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.302 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 89.09KN
0.302 >0.169
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 2088mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 448.68KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.74 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.740
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 469.49KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >469.49KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing

Design Parametres:-
Footing designation = F1
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe415
Cover to Reinforcement 50mm
Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= 73.50KN/sqm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Width of Column b = 0.23m
Depth of Column d = 0.23m
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 415.00N/sqmm
Load calculations:-
Factored Load on the column from analysis = 283.50KN
283.50KN
Add self weight of the footing&Weight 42.525KN
of back fill (15%)
Total Load = 326.03KN
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil q
u
= 1.5xSBC = 110.25KN/sqm
Size of the footing required:-
Area of the footing required = 2.96Sqm
Provide square footing of size 1.80mx1.80m,the area comes to 3.24Sqm
Width = 1.80m
Depth = 1.80m
The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = 100.63KN/sqm
Design moment = 4.05KN-m
Section Modulus for the above section = (1/6)xbd
2
= 0.97cum
Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z = 4.18KN/sqm
Max.Soil pressure = p
u
+ m
u
= 104.81KN/sqm <110.25KN/sqm
Hence O.K
Min.Soil pressure = p
u
- m
u
= 96.45KN/sqm >0
Hence O.K
Hence,the design soil pressure = 104.81KN/sqm
Depth of the footing required:-
i)Bending moment criteria:-
The critical section for bending is at the face of the column.Hence,the
Maximum factored bending moment = M
u
= 32.29KN-m
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS(1,2,3,4,5,12,15)
(Considering 1m width of footing)
Adopting Limit state method of design M
u
= 0.138 f
ck
bd
2
The effective depth of footing required = d = [M
u
/(0.138f
ck
b)]
0.5
= 96.74mm
Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = = 152.74mm
However assume 300mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to 244.00mm
The actual depth of neutral axis = 15.10mm
Area of steel required = 376.31sqmm
Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to 300mm
Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of 175mm
Then the area of reinforcement provided = 645.94Sqm
Percentage of reinforcement provided = 0.265
ii)One way shear criteria:-
The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column
Hence,the factored design shear force V
Fd
= 56.70KN
Nominal shear stress T
v
= 0.232N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)
Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view
The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.265%
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.367 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 89.55KN
0.367 >0.232
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
iii)Two way shear criteria:-
The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a
distance d/2 from the face of the column
Hence perimetre of the preriphery b
0
= 1896mm
Hence,the factored shear force V
Fd
= q
u
(B
2
-AB
2
)= 316.02KN
Nominal shear stress Tv = V
Fd
/b
0
d = 0.68 N/sqmm
Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete
T
c
' =k
s
. T
c
k
s
= (0.5+l/b)> 1
Hence k
s
= 1
T
c
= 0.25(f
ck
)
1/2
= 1.25 N/sqmm
Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm
1.12 >0.680
Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view
iv)Check for transfer of bearing stress:-
P
u
= 326.03KN
Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 f
ck
(A
1
/A
2
)
1/2
.
For the column face A
1
/A
2
= 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2.
In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column
at the interface = 595.13KN >326.03KN
Hence O.K
There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing