I

IJnt,rod.ulc:Uom .

. Agn.rl;'}n :Strucd:ur,e J.r~A'lulbrOlJPmd~1I : U iriD' ~QI~~fIi~'~ Agrw:!8:n !tj1!!1~tl!liJ@~ij1j, i~[I~;i!i. hil~; I!!rg po<li~., bu.~ ~m: ;~ililis ando:bjeelives n '01 pt'l!l icybefOirceand ~l1Iier' 1l!f1~,~nd'(!iElil:e .11!eiYI! b~iII ~liuil1;!l,~' ,di_,j\~!1Il Th~ ma~fn 81m (l1f'tll(! cotijilt!f:tl.1 gO\l"~~rlt '~I~' "~·linl.E' til:l~ !1!fI' - !il1Dmpossiiibh~ ,ilflllO!U'l1 ~f rn~l~ ~\'Cf1l!!C Itnd li\'lI ~IIl!llilirelilillll sl.l,ppl;V ,of:5' 1 - IC"IIII ;L\grkuluIJriII rn,w m8!i:riilll~ h1 'd'u::~r Ilndl!l~'I;Irie:!l, ilii,EirrI~lilllid.l Hut ',. I: iPo!lI-.lloocjK'liiil'c:nc~ p1Ll11[~li I!:inaed III [h~! pIO~S.~ Itmll ,cl~~el~pnlmt e'~ 'lil~, -.mriillil :POPlJf~~I~ilIl~ bodnl m~ElII1s Qr lhc g,¥ftj.gJ~ l~!l~~~tl i:f! ~jpl:ll !!~it:! !~ ~~~ni!!.~~~ ~ !~lt!i!liYti!()l'lr,~: M~i!'~~Yl!:r ~,n' IPOS,l;.m"_d~i~\~~ '_lln~i4,c'~h;eF~ IIJav!!! be~-U! ft .. r~,~~~h~ng,dtwe~.~I~~rnn, !~' ~IiH'!'!dtu~'~~~h~ 1I11~o hiD,"l~ COm~ m(lsllil!lp!: i!.~riran rehUU;l!iL~!11I Ii.

s.1~·~r:n:;Il~l ,~~.

T, .ml T ~b~~~w~'~ oW th~ if.m:-.Se~i r;lil!pcr i~ ~:O!:!"!I~lly'1e s.Qme otJi' th;e~' develqPtJ1!i:l:nt5 iiilthe JmiiJlian; $Iate QrA,ndhrn I~dc:sh :ktwe,;1i 194011firl. i.IllS7.This S~lre: 11M ijrl ,filC:1 b~~1!lI :folmlcd by ~!ilterg::t1till,8.ilii' slllg!:5i the- 1i~I""SiU'SJ!Ciikilmgn::,simiIS oWl'ne >c'<UJllUy. Iff!rst in Hi:53. II .SllIlIlilIllllIlf S!tn~ .of i\ndh~ Yi\!!.!i!;il!rv~, oul: l'GQ~m:pri!ie tfu!.\ Te~u.~·l!~jng, distri~l~ of lh~ c:~hi:le Mlld~FI~idency.Laile[" if;lrNowm~r '19'$6. the 'fcllJii:!,Q"llpenklTill,g d~!SIli'[c'rli, g~ th.I,l' c~wbiil~ Myder,~~~!liil :S-~!ll~ 'W¢~ Md'm on to I~' rhllidtgJi,tl" fhnm.e:d Andihrn. :Sllll~-= UI f:tmf11 Inc' ~rICs!l'n~ And~taPmdle,..:It!. 'It is(~llIs. ClIllii,Io't'I'I.illriit li()J ITnCI!®:Ui thl!~ieV>!:lll)pr:!'!l~nii;S til j!hreclil'liU)~tiOiil!5.. We: firs! d~1 lilIii~1I1 i~!fic !Ii UU!i::iI:i<:!!ii !p:~if:i)i" I,~ l~ndepe:l:l;d:!.!:iiItC. Thj;~ hillS 1,0< lit da:ne. !oe~t1l!])'li'o:r HlI~ n.Yo Tclug!lll Q;!l~o:n5 of ~he ef'§;I!"!lnH~ 1!;I)'~~rnblHll 'StMe. OOld t'he er!!~whi Ie Mlldl'lMi Pre!liidll'liIcy; as ~Ill!!ll" wen~ mjl:iiIiIi~nl!!~~iIl~:d d iliferenHs and hild C!ltol\j,td "Q1):~T'!i~ :S1lr'1!I.~UID~;5 ~h{!.I: ~r~ qllJil!e: d~snmot from 'e~dl

(ljthilt ill :s~;"i!r;al, W'Il,j1'.S. I~orlhe H)ld~rubi1!d S:lfl!~. ~M Ipf~·:II!tcl~flmd!ll:n~: period! Imay b~ di1!iled !i!P~O ]Il/ilQ. flL'lt i[ Was a ~~!!Iph~fJf years aner dll:!' I;nd~pcnd~n,ce, e ·tbl~ ~~!lt!l U~ ~ :111~s Stine w~ililte~raled h:!~1) Indf:i!l, n~ Zf:~I\d ptlfiQd ct:ll.!ll~ llIa!"cgoJ\11l! !\.I!lt~ d~!: rfnt~l:lr.dt ,~fl ,[)rlh~ Sta:D~ ~'n its, p:r~~~u filrml il1il'~.sG. O'IJil ~c"'l!i~ ~f !;:e~~'!'1 !;\u!ilthnjity@;r!!'!n~R:'rtmill! mr!~~!"i!!l~ initlhm:d ,~~rl<1;~I~d'y Ill! ~h~ lw~ 1~~g~!Yl:Is. II i:!i fO!!!l1cl .. n~I:yli(,:lH¥ i';{lf'i,\i'e!i\lt,rUIo e.xte<ndl I~~i~ ,period u:pliiJ 196 i, 1m thill" ~I.'!af; i:b¢f1!!, I:~i.l a¢~a1il!!lt~ I'I.lm .. f!ll S'l!paHrlll~ (au 1li1~I'!!fu ~gimiJll>. flifl1!.lII). WI;'; ill~~I1I1IP~ laf! iml~g.r.lt~.~ ,;um.I)i-3k~ f~r !lh~ S~~!l:i!,!5,~ whol!: for r~!!;l :p:eriodl I ~S6 w ~QS:7.

Ag,lIllI'iun S.',mc~ur:il 'fIJ.ftllc:,Eni~wlil~I\I;yi!li!mbl1d :Sfl)l~ ~P',

An lillt~~f!l,illl<lidl~H rJl me NiiIZ..!!!I'Il":t ri!!nJt(!ri~~ Oifm 1(,M$It~:U kilO r\l!1!I1' mi1i[l~!'!~o.Bpric5. The ~f!>~ :titled :!hl':~I!:" ~ rgmtl,p'cons1,Sillla OflhMC1 who held ~h!~F ~:md5~iil«~~1'1 flf.tlm thit SI'III' inn 11'lI1~'frII£.i:, il'lpmcti~e'. ~1.':nl [be ne .. r~sD [0 IInQSe,~n1:ie ~;t~\'<lr~ Illn .~ (I "~~Oflhll' Ill!eij:Qlih(U,!!Jj~,n~, dlistriC!!'s 'flfth~ M!ldro~ :~n~~id~nl:li'- 111.I1!iI$" - ~~I"QU,p' i!!cl:udedi ~h~~! wl~o hcl[l dllli .. 1!ll1.d~ f1l1mrlll:h~J~il\d3ts:, mO§I,oFWflom w~l'!\llh~ ~!I!OGd r:~II1J:n!t)lrI!i ofth!! f[li¥af fllimil~T, 11111 tllilrt11C:a!Il!!],O~ ~1iS [ofmocli oflffilil! ryO!tswll.o W.flli!l~ u!"l~~rlhe !:nmifJd,(i?~' ,~rllil~" IitilliiflliC ,~.\I\r -,~ IW!Uln.~_ TIlI~~ 'Clilf~!~\!!U~t"!~ndoyl;!!.~ !)!;!l:,!i!r~f!~~ ril!lhl,'!l;.e1!f~nth"Ql!!i Itt!~y w~r,e 'llI'~~l.ed hi ~1ii;N~ as U:·niln~s tmly. The Ili!JS! "c:i~Q"QryCOlo!er.r.>tI :I~ ~hc ~u:I:!iv!!,tiing. f~,rulI'l:~ who ICa$ed irQ, till;) IiUj;d~ rro,m 'I~i~ IFIUnUl~ _ 'tltlmdtll',{ :~:IIl!!l1 iJ!~hil!, kind:;:irnf i!b'~!I:ne(:L';I,w,~!!l>r.i: !.'Ir~~IIiI:I~_ 'J1I:l!:r~ ~~e\!'iO" ~~ITIClfrl1'1ru,Ie:Si!l.o"l:mtn:J). 1~:~I!!,'leil!l~ h~:I!~:Ir!I!!:~~ I~Ui~ the~ w~rt:: ~l!1rge~ , . ,r,m~" b.l!' !,he i) fill ~)f J,~l:It:l~:!'iIl ixlt!#o Illllli!: ~IW t~l1mm~s jim! ~:hch~wml>U!i""" ..

'Ilh~.o ;!T!liI~TU of ~~ N~z,~!T!1 m:QuntH.[I~d [h<!ll i!1llli1~Ql:ry ~h~Si~lJl;il

\!'~. thoA: wQ~~d Q~f~ord Q'riillll~hl! [ali!d.a'"~ p~!,'at~ rigill~!'iw~m :gr:a!'li~~d /r.1y ~tle Sll:jie~ rul'l.1C~u~1 prne~c~e e ' ho\lo\~"'!ltr. !he ,~h:!'iliTll ofolfer IfirdshiiP Oif!iIle 'Sililtl: ~H~ net il,IT~"'1 '!~rili: lmRII(lru!;lS IllotT!d.l~t)h:le'~ !iQl ~~fIg ,I!!S [h'l::)! p~idlht:

I!lntd f'-I:i,,"~l!ye 3Ii1d othl;r d'lEl,~ mt:~"i.m b}i :~Ih~ 'S~,U~. Thl; j1illifldlnord-';f wa<i rtllillgUI1.ed! ~5 ul1e,gulll I~CI;:!IIp~t, IH~ had Ihl!' ri~f:l!: I'i) Il:I.s~; t;W'!~,f~.!'.;5dl,. mil!irlfl:!!~gI!'.~1i a~heNi!Se dhl~o~~ ~r h'I5IIDlJ!ld ~c;gJ,i!!IIIj!,

'0~t:l)lpaRC~ r:lgl\~, '\.\I-eresubje~t 'OcFl~Jlm~he IQlnd :revtl'l1~l~ It\"! ,,,'h i~hil~11 IIlJr:!dl wIM.~nc~lI:y ~~!Ilb'ri:'. TIilE h:!I1I~ Ir~iJ!::I'Hjt ,1l:f;&e~:>IiI\~nt YoIa~a. ch;lrr~-!l !.![ltlU! Ifh~ ~ji1~p :~1I11 'jfil"cd fl;li~!I ~rioil1i!!fj\!lJlla 030 ~~tl!fS"llntl ~'as ji)~rlooidUy r~v~d ILl~der g 1~,tl\'i!:lII~{I ~nl~l1!'i!lliill E \l'Io.'rr ~l'LfIdh~h:l~v i!it",~~ tiild~\i i:dJull~!~ r~~p~!!lsilbll:: 'ro~ i~:;, 1~!I;ym~[J.I. libli!> W;lL~, !:"~ COII!flI1lf!O!"l t~'~!l: of !'llaf;\ii;ra'r~

setil!;'m~.l!Itth;~l ,p~~""il~led iin l!hi: N !l'.o,m'lj 'r~rri~~ric::s~ s· .

~ried mr{lIlshl ~:t:glt51\il,tlrO'J!I till secare Illem lhc riir.i'Jlwo PIS. loot ~:t IC~IiI~'d"~~ imm~d~~!cijYI;:jI;~l}iidi~ ~¢rQm~~ inlo mll!iuMrdF}i1

Mast li;lffh~~f<llliO it:IJ Mlldr<ls .Pro"'~mceweN' pa~d Itn iJlIredliJiClI! lire tbtl ~illniji),g af1lill! :20(iI. c~nt.:u:}'.~~' CUI'! ~.gan ~lliljc,p;l"g~ the '~irnd I~fl",t!;, ~.ft~flJtiii! F,l~ '1!lCi:fr~ YIo~Hmdl ~ j}fOptJi'iIikil'l of,ceh feJ'IlrSilt!.':lI:truli1idi iii! the' 19r.l:,0's .. :l~ Thfl.I~Jif:lndy,1~r~v~r;s~d im ~h~ 19JO~. TiI:!~ U'a'tl.itiOIiL!l:lI~}" ~(lmm~ tit\t.e:·i;If nlf!ll was 01iU:,;hldF of'.:he ipr,odl!lfC i'l!I M.;m1tMil ~QliIllelaf!i~ rteVC!'l!i!~, \\il!lic!h~M' 1P!JS~dI on l~' th~ I~nijn~. f;tIIfYi'~Ii'~r. l~i,tYDf lan.t1IE1irqd~h~ t(lns:~lIenl (!~n:~tu:~:ion IIntonl!!. lil,~ ,f~I1;im1~ p.li!shtd U~,p c:v, ~~~~ 'nhiS ~~li, '~~~jed bYil.S~i.,JI Of]ikl:!t ilpp.c$lIte~l f(il' d(IJ·. iUf1IIDSt :bOt ltihe Gi)'II'lifflIlfU\'nt ofM!I1Il:'a:;, il1! II 9.i1 'f "Under very ,~~od, s ,Ii! ·i.tig~t;T~!'l .<llild wibl:r~'~ l~pi;!~l~iq i~d~~~. Ulli lij !)dl Qfd':s: .sl~,~r .~ gtlil.~~lly twoUiltr& ,?n'h~'iroi'i!; 'PJi'@dIJ,~e.of ~ddJl. linl someca ' • III !;l\l1I:!lIffilHe ij~1!!i!! tmt-d~,WI:s".~ :RgnlfilfQl~, fwdvm~~flt~CU:Q~., ,. c~ W(1'e ruon:h:cll by tilts OiflrW'C1". bu~ Il<)l :me:rrnio:i!l:is mad!e: by him ~t~ rg ~h;~II~e~i~ !If:!!hafi~ 'o~ inputliillDd I~lhlllr rn;{ln~!1'I~'[k~t 1ll;llliitiofl5, ~.~~IJ~ '~'OIH'u: s),mm,Tinu;, thc:met IrlIib:solr~~lIIt!ilihal.lM1e"'<!Ill~~~!1I1 '. 111[l1" r:tI.~I:~l'I!'J~.f!,~C ~limillitd frQfI1 hiS I~~dis.

Ln.c:1I. Of.tC~lHiity on~n f.t!~~l!'\I1C~ w!!:',re ~lhm !liitedl ~~, rg~g!1l'~ i'wslow rO<m1"ti(lI~ or~i1pirnl. ~l$: if) ~!1;ri~iII~IUi~.~. Plt\qu:I!iFlI t:h.~og~ ifil ri!li:, <M;cllI,l}ad0i'! mIlnbE QP1!'rn 1ml!1 ~iililS er ~Jrt!l 'IIlen:oFwll'1'C ,t:!! b:ly d~!: "Jill, ! i} sales'of ~'Iulds •. ,eH) ~.' ::: ," .f'J!l!1 '~~a~~ O~~l) tb~161l!JIJf~ ~f mh~ h;IIIi~, wml !~~ IOY)1 i!1ld.ebl~~ ;jl!:I'Id' i!i1i!~n~~ge::i, IIh1:!l (v) I'tru~ Inca~ '~p,gfd1.~j~dR~ rlUIln:iil!lI. ~,l HI _ le f>!:C!t)j],!j·i!i£o:c!l:I'.!5.!l!di ~,l!b·gi¥i~io!1 ilf;td: if,m.glm~irlt~'Elt[l,!lI

;!lI~r:~e:s ~r:e made b}' V.V. Sa)f:lll1l!ll. l'li! ~ome o,fltu: :s,,~t!l

',' " .' ... ' ~

ers reGatd~:lI!g§~le~ ~dl 1~11n~~ Rf!~lililoos of land! l~imi1;~r(.'rs:

dUf~ng, 11941I}.S0'. The d!is~r,i~ls of 1D!~N,!!.d .~ l{ilil'rlJll[Uk,;I(). Vis;ulthnp~i'iflili'IlJ.

W~IGodtIWrl, GunflJrflinnii,Chitl.oor rOm''lldffhi~ sorrlllple. Ibw:!:pii fN~~:. Il~ ililh~ f\O;urw~: front Md~ PIr,~esh" lf1jd~IM.i!Uy. :1~11 mllt'i~ r~,f~l\m~\~ ~,~ ~!ih~' diSkl~ Uk!!!: N~U!)H!', M;:Llllbat'. :&mU~ CIWI;lmoFd1il!: M~,P\!il)!villl~ ndIIO'lh~rl'n.dli!li1il :S~tl:S as we'IW. Hl!'c ~~IJ!~'I'Otb~ ca!i!~:I!J!~j(!~.:

i·OFolf.lll:d ~h0i1 'lh@tl"anders, ~nmii!i, bQ\lhl pelfm~!i!ti",U~"d t~m~l'Y. h3IV'~ ~eme' v~ryr ,~~romQIIl fill ii1.1Iil!1i)~l ill I SI!!!.te!lirn, Ill'Idli"tlmll:l ~h~~wh I'I'~ 3 pt1!n '!lI1i ~h~ ~I!tllld!l 11m h!!\!1t;l ~Ili 'in fi!~o!J!1f (if~h~ ~!l:Ui\!atirnill !lgrr:~I!I'I!'uristli ~he~lvlEi!! ,. ,il:llilll~ p~t, if!l:w d~ 'i!olilsiaernbh:: ;~"dgenu,~n~ h!l;:~ing 1l'l:ieLli liIudi Fll!llh::1I 'mt{! '1111.: IhO!!i!ds' !Jnlll~ bigoum~y 1~f1r:1~n. biglandIQIl1!:., or

big. ~1l[5;i!il~SSI'IU~IiIQrl.W;adii!llS; wl'!flm!l~~'tti;:~~"· .. j!I

Thi.s !l~lll:eI!r:tC.1il1 Wl.li!l Ul!!Ul in ili!:' irst btllhfllhe 1911li1 cemul)', iNt 1110[ nflier ~lOS(l It si'!.uiyoli'~hiC'se IIIptXits illlihe' NeUm.e di~r~crll dwiin~, 1 :~O 10 19i1!Osho:~~!odl '100:[ mlUl i'lffhll: I~n~ :lfamrer."5w~c in:ri:l"'Ol!lf(llrf~!~ cyll!ivl:lting I~II;!W. MQ~t ,~tl:Ii!i$I'i\~i:}! •. ~J;j!!!' Itl'l!I.m;r~lCsl~ok rPJ:i!I'l:e, UllrQl.IIgI~, 1~!IIItr;.gIllt rsuJ:e5, ~h)ou.gh ~ ases Qrm0nga§e' .:;mtl :rC'!ll~fIlpliGIil of pa.'\il ~:lJIi1I11S we're also m~l'Iy. A fLw,~' C;i!:Se8 or gii1l~·. ;~n~de IlihiCl'fiy to ;l~mp~t1!s.. 'Ill ~~rt~;;Ji~~@n~; lPi!~ i'!!ij~bill!il ~'aJri!:5.!t.re ;;i!1~ Ni~OJltiMt Mop! th;'ii'i ~ti~~hidf Qhht! m~il~T ¢iit~.~Qry- o:f ucat!5ft~~~· w~rle t!~t '~'lJIllt·i~~e'n: .. r~~ lc~!!nti we~fj ~]IIJ!:Ig~.!:I '!~J'I in ~~~itde~tinlloW ~,i~er Qn~. U~i1:lIy rhl!!~lJl.mJ1 m~ "~; m~ rn~~a.~tI 511i1Io"S;MII~c:: :SDli!li!~ID!t ~LldUv.ued:iI. pb;te I~nil!il:d< wh:iIi!·c. tDW! I~ t'il!! l~htU~~ ~Qf l~~tli, 'i&!'h~'UlV'li! 111~e Q\,~~ wilin~lc,d ti:llJ! -,-I' ~~-a:I~ Qlf rtilli. Thel1t'Wcr~mlOlII)i CiilS~Jl whcn:~he: ~'.mdl·s wer,e: h: . -, ~~.!I:kLQ'~hi; $~rn~ old ~el1tM!:Sl lifter '()!llf' or two ye<l!l'iii. b'Ull n~\'" i!l:t ~I iii], . r t'o!~!: (lf~e!lt.

Alxltu ~I 1'% III ,14% l'Ifli'le tOil..;ll hlm;ls II, J"rrcd ptt'l~~etill ifll[o 'lih~'

:hal1.d~ or the llo:n-c.1I~H~llluij'9!l. Q~ftt:.r!i.~f!ilr.iJ1-· !I!iii:~pern;ul, ~.e .• 11861]1· ~ 92.nl l'hl:Y W!Hel~h!=ny pr>l;li'~ .. iQlm~s; Hh·ll~ '.~ - .• :bti!>li:n~5m~ 1iI~.e 'k::l1Im~:ric~ !lnCi C'hg,tti~3. IlI'!IIil iJi;g landT·~d~ \liih· i 'I " .d QlU nIdI' ~elf~hip liloh:J]llgJ! $~I !ili:q~lb;:c;d. 'it'tlrre w~~ (O~hi!f' ~~I!I, ,w~.~· ~hnt fl1e~e dnr~~ :1ZMiEg,ori~

.lltli (inly ~eql!ll~:.:12Ii!ll~ ~I:i!~ i]]'J), .•. Fft!iTed liU'1dsil!illlo~g. tl'Jc;lfIti~h!e;s. a!!ld

IQ othe~!I, ctl~'~flI;y th'mll<gh ~"'P"1nicuhlfllhe bus iiilcS!I ·~!~mml!lnr~'Ii'

r,Dlised r1Ulild~ ~i1r!Jugh >~ g!ll~e~. Wiu::ll!l;~er liley ~~iund th.i.t le!3i!il1g !lililll;~!Il~mi.1,: or d~:Wr,lJlIl ilk ~rtw(td:'! '!T!M!l!M.etmm!!!;. ~I):y W!5e~l tn ~I ~ .u".~ ... v s!.J1:ro hind~. Mosr ,~' .' lands .~iI':qUII",!d 1tJ;;'1 lih~ ~a""iJr'I!r.l ~:li1c gimll ~il1tt"r by O!l!trig~~ ~l!Irc;h~· tithe n'lil!'iik~< '!i)r elSie ~h1i::Y we~,~ ~Hll!d II),1Dh~m I~,>, Ihc p~ni!l:'li U~i:!:I.. ~,tl~ '.i15'tlil '(If hlndl dli.~pm.i!!~.

, -lie,' iSi!ll5~ tij). the' flo:!l·~~ld,¥,OIIlinl~' OW!uH':sj!IIIC'~d ·!iller ! Q.20, ilnd,!!ihJ!:,Il,\' dllL~il!Qg, ICln~ I~EWi~>' ~QJOI! •. th~' rperiQd: .@t" d~p:res~iO'n~!I!'J~ (h.ey decliilned s:harpl~' ·after ~:!1S0.1ui. p:r ~h2I! ... ldJ!:iiI(;!:! ll;\,I,i3iiliJ!b.h~rmlt!IIh!l\' ~f:l~ \iHI!!.g~~~fDl1Ily I :5)' S2~'ll ~o77%, ,(!if (he: .UGa. .(If mf ~\.Un!l tr.U1~fe:~lp;a5!l~! irIlQI.h~ ~:mndS, of 'ih!l: ~!!:U!-CII.I~~1Iyuoor!O dur rn,g ~l:ilb·~doo. ILe •• ll920:.:jO. A laf!blll! pfiOp.I1!:Fction: (,In:h~m C"!m~ f[<lim ~1!i'Siili~ !;)o~lifIil!if!i~. rnone)llern:ders. la.\!;)'~f:!I!nd Ihc :>~II~ri~dgn:uli;~~, Th(l: I~~j)~ oClf l:iiJ~ ~r~r(;~. like 'tlh.: iJarn.dllfs. il'lalTtd1m, th~ AcrohlU'ikt\U:S. KhlJudriRadars .. J·.a;~rclilrs. i.e., 'wilQ ;:;:old I~rilt ,"h1;U~~ i!!~ ~n 1~,(l!~',1 ler lPer~oo. viz.. ~ :8:60~ 1192(1., ~.~ ,~W" OJ I~m~re ~:f'!i1:opp'!l:d :!h~~'w' slIir.sllftd 5t~fil~~1 in m:1irI'~i!'{I~il;.~, II ~. or 1!l!l!lf·, ~1i.!'lti\i'iiI!joUlilil dlt ~Me I!J'~I}~. ufmlW ~l:lii:i'i1~,!lt ~1I!:BilUy l~ti<dJli;il1lig~h~ir ~nl!ll.e h,~ldfn~.

The IDM ofl;~n!il and 1iliJ~ Ol!m~r I~f slll~~ili!cl:i~Med: :{ItM',pl~ il.lltl~f

119.18. linl N~UGn:! disbi:\:~~ ,and ~hi$·I~iild \l,;Iloli:il!v,;d~iI:1t.fn mo.st ofllh:~IJ]h lfid~il:n dtstri~IS,,j1 ~I'I NCi~IIQf!!, 11111i~ 1i11IIUI1l,~F'trlllfl1>iiii:ini.bc~OOc;OOnge ,nnc!;

'-Ca '"" ~ ... ra\i\"ul' o,:f "i.e C:1!l'li"V,~ti" -c- 'af~" !'I' I!l .... i.~~ 'Dif' ~fihIo: '''''·,t,lh "- ... ,~'f'i·

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1~~ilh'Btors gp!. the ili1Ulasfo~ ~.II~~linl~1 prtceor rill so~~~ CDSe!, c'~lh:e!~yfrce lIi!Ihj~~ A!1\!~mb~r ~r i.rNJ.!lIdan; ,i~tI !)~~ tilt IQng p~ndil!llg Iilnd • ~d ~1I:' EIJilIll trl!!id, Ilam.ike ~;ui'c""l!!fIo;ne)' 'frumthi:: "<If:\lcl1>1hle Ull(:"I.S', A~~;e~~Ij!;llI'll.~ lp!;lpu'l~do", .. 1t5, il!.wh(l!~ Q!IDI:Ir.u~d t~ k ~h~ bl!~k. virz. .7'0% ~f ~Wl!1:~ popt!.latio.!!" But t!liie in(en'l~1 'pr;PiP():rtiol1!Sli;in:m~edlby G'Q!1$i~ernbie n~rldns wliien iCQ"~'Pili:~: U) ~i Ql;1 . 'Flu: pfl:JjXinlO'fl 'Q:f.oi\:\,fler(i.lII~'!tI!lt(jii'S. iI1l1d1"'LI~a't'ltlli!~ b!bQ!(!i!1,~r i!ilCf@Il.s~d '"ih:Ue·'I1IJm Clr'~W~l~r':I~!i!iQn;.~fld 'l'et:ta:!!Iti dec~cdL l1l~t 1~!e'5e cihllLllg.es.were I~!ilt Me;ll;~e!1HS!''r'C.WJ, in ~h~ 'f'ela.n9jlOO'l~)t,_ ~1'Ilw~"'.~. IC1hfltSI!i(luld, ~iIl [h~l!.ct!inl1.ectt0;n. 1ii!l!.1' IIl1 ~ ,(!I'C~IiI1!uuion.~ i ~lnBifielUi(ll'ls. ,~f I~C ,c:~ns'!Jsl!s.oI 193iliMlld ,I19S ~ ve~' cl11ru:iluUy i!i!' vi.c~'f:ieilr ~~f:\~~~ptljj.td

• • . ~Jl V/llmlAUfms,. -

, C" I{J' \IIOl.l'~·~d wilkoly ~rn r!l, Cn!.ddilpidl wihUlI!~ th,e~r ;'(~"lWts \1i'IW~ ISi~·il'l '~It'~l .ne: 1<u'KIh;lr~.~ welie:",~3%

ll~ !:1~~1ma] ~i)!I!!lJQ~i~iQil of~il'\,lrl!~'!i~:~,dii!Silrlct t(l' di~;Ii'I,cl. Thl: .p;eMiliIMS Yi'GlIt: "If I'rl;IlX!m~n W,35 Qn'lyJ81h. ,i~: [~iIS.I' . 'CJfHb'lo';uiwh i'l~tll!!:Jy tmm~ ~lliliY rl~ KJJ!lfif!~1 ,i'i~(ri£:t ~.~I~ni! lh!:f ,.; '.

lilhle 2).

n is foumBI tha~i!1lIJ11 1Uitl:s.",t:lc~t! Ipeil.SID1~S~\~iI"~ rn l<l!li~~niLIUlbocllf5. 1'1,,: ~~ iin~d S'liI"~:JIg:IJ~ ~ ·it:r c~~~s. S'JiI~Cia~l, ~if;!U:1W!I'l1;5; Ilril1 ~dOI1!1'~rli 'W~ low. ~nolnc, .. ~. L~. Il'!lWi'l:!!'!l:ii m;l.y !lJmiP~~ 'D.[Ji~ h!OO~~f~. ~l:!:1 ~~I mafiY ILe!l"ilIn:tll f . ;." TlInd~{Drd~ !~liI1ipIOli llhe~nM.~i'I,Y .. h~'~WI:ili'l '1l'IiI1!plo~~ on.ly a. rew n!ll.bu~, 'fhm rill Ihe dijsU!l;1 ofC'Ud{l.IP.liJIfi. :i!ilul CliliUoor W,I~e,re peasMIJ5~' iI10~~th!LI'1I':!O%\. ~h~lel,!:1JJn'tll 'lNue~~DlIU!d Ul,llA! <lJl!ld th~ 'lom5"' .!l:' al'll!!l!l!d 3:%. In lmll1lih~ 'Ci.t)i1iilav.1'jjr:T~~ wh~iI\e l:llcpo!:al>l!ilitl~ \'o'e"n!

1~5S ~hil'l1il 40%.

nlllJOs il'l I~~C: dfi~lricUi 'QirClH;ld~hi iI!In~1 ClniuQor wh!i:I~~ '~Il,ml:l!I, ~rcNl' m~17e 'IhQn '1~~ l~e tenol'!JW 'I\.'ltll,.~ !.!rQuucll '~O~~ '!II'!d ~h:t:' ~!t;lr.d~ ''''''!!l!lil!: ~roulild ]:%. lil!I loorh .Ik Goal"tViPiliie!!"where tI'I~ .p;:l1sintls ~II'-e.re I~'>S thO'll'! 4;~. iLm ~OibQIJI:ii'l!ffi ~1!ic:~edeod 41)ii~. 11i'hru!; Ihllife is .Ilrou.~h. ,cofiirespot!d~nlCcbe~wt',~!~ lhe~l~ ,lIlliid, l'ItIc 13~urcffiii'lnd dli~ l~n~1II1£ t;!nd'IIOf{!:S', .A.Il,{,llher re..u~;Fe ~hat dliiS,ti .. ,s.ui!sihe~. ~h~~ ~,kl~!l~S ]5. I!h~u I;~~ ,d:~iP~ild~"cyro~il.i!' is Itl't~ [hi.~liIc!l1 illl th~:t3s~ oF-lords' ",'!'Iile it 'u$lhe 100w,~ !!fI'II1~ c~~ ohMBNicylu:IJijl[1 IiaMLll\Il!iIC5, Frl}iI'!1Ilhis i~ lifI1I~y b~in,f~~d 111'm:t '~e p~f' ,c.::Iipitm.in.cmil:le :t'I!I1ai

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lJlelnl.a~Qf~ m 1I1~Jl;JiinlhO!ldi!'l~.4~NQnc~nlilc!i'e fi~!pE'!I'id~ 1m ~im~lc'~if'l'bc ~lI'~Eligc !iZil!ll~flhll Q,P'\r.llisQI boldli!l\i!l. wlrfi~hJs W'I.erll~rlll ~ inbEt'I\ti!l {I~ '~ .. flguJll$, ~rrnv\'J~U!g, I.'rn::t~ty ta~lor:1&"

Aft~r (loJ!t!~ding s~e S!l:fnpl!e Sl!t!dil~, litaQtlvcmrni:n! prn~Cld ~ I'j tie !lUi1J!:*,- Or~tl¢t~, milil'l~ h~~i~d~oo OOgifl\\i'rlth,. 1il'he Andhil'l! Land Re'tom!!! COOiIm:mce{ 195'S) dcfllled(hcoojec1iveoJlhe 11100 ftrnrms,lISfonli!i~\'ll~

n~ (]1~UIiiiii'Um !ti:!jUli~tlom ,(If iiill 'iI.grkYlhjF-l!~ ji~,wyr{;(!! !i~ch ;]~ ~!lind. \NJ'I'i~t~ klbow. ~gjJ, pa,~r, tl!pi!l!!l~, ~oo".~, ,ru;, ~ IC".l)~e Ene iaJ&~st ImItaslilfl:!

of ~I inl,l~~C(lI'l~~.n~~t,IIf1($ pr?!l. '~rriiynm_rJ:lg th.~' ~.llil!llili. !ti~ 'l.Q"nc~lI. ~rnl. !Ind~c ~UU;YI!tllrall [PQPuJairlo.!i1 !!I~n~~llian'.· :ObIVlQIlI~1f .'. ti'bJ~:C~II,1;'es

\1j1C1t1l dl:l1i~~t!I JIIlI tOOo§~I1iC]nd ~~f!ilU, ~Qd iJru:l~~d ~h! cQf JIiI,i!t~el 1lI!1:'IjI'eJi el1lphilS~ilied.aR:Y s,~e~Ui:c !n1~OiSUI'I:S Qfl~ud ~eiform, _, -.1 "L1ill'1jC>~; in dllp~1l !l~e IP~ob~e:,"5 MI~IIii"d501f I:/ll!!·nm~s.

AAgh~ TC'~:i!Ii!.¢i)' Attl,! WIQ, pp::;1~gd ii ~.F,~I~ 1rt:'r.!~Jl w~ri: hls,lIo:r' IhBiU ~~~~ifl Tclll!l.!i!~llin~.,. Th~:s~ werr. fllH..a.· .OO\'~ of Iheg~QS5p:uocl:llIce fiQrI31ll{b. IUllId~O~1.1mga1i'Uil.:211 ,,33%' ·if; dis pll1it~illlj~ iITi..,~ rfQm O'l;!l~em!ilJent ~1J!!'I\;~&, imd 4!·j~!'ldirlilile~ __ c pr-oouce in oth.i!:f Ci!S;c~;u!1ldinthc case of tlii,i!!'~,~iru ~p!l, lhl!l~.~ftii~ iiUid R~rijrm!!.CQij1mill!~m~~t~JllI

~,'I'e a dvGt!ill~ges:· . Afileill r~!il:in\s liii-m,e 1 0. ibcfl<~f!H ofl!l!fUt!!l.tjl', 1~~

Ct!l!lU'llil]te IO,p:i, . -1.1!~IU~m;y ,Ill,j II polH\f;ml o.t'furmn.ing sh~!.!fl dl (;',OOltiilill:i e:,

SiubJ~I, ~Oft~I\1'£\, ~ tt:r¢gu~aI'i{lii'l.'~1 TiJe: IC(!!mmi~l~li" ,dii!lI!101: se'l!r'C.ln fillil' <li~tem@!~i""~~~ni!!I'lCh no!' dit! i~ ,~isc~(> ~hf,: merit!. <'!JfI!.'I ,th:ilwba~j;,5 0f d i1ifJeJrent rmrm~ Qf teUlill'l!!::.y~

Whi le i.n 1i~lm1<~na. III ~ :!he jag.fr$ a~d JJ1rfJ{flS :I~II~ :~tla~lI,~hcd e'vem b~ftlrelg'!6\ f'~ ~ook s;am~ fu!"!l!!~i~im1e ~(I :p;boU$IHh;erI1lrcQlIIlphMe1:~ ill ']~le Alli!l.hm,a:rr,ea:.TI~ec[proOl':s~ w~~O'~n:p.ettld ~ on liyIt);t 11965;, iillvoI1\ijn~ I!h'l'!'~!bolijtioo 'Dfl ,0<4" bit illi:idj 6.7169 smi!illl' ::amlmilld c5mn~[JJfIdI2..J0fi ,iilil.tlm ~.~~~l:!j~~ in .alL Tk~ ahOilihijolil' i:lf till ~1FU~:5~ illll~e:m~~,i'3file~ lirlJ'voIIV,ed~ coCmrllllllS;:]1i:l'[J!1'I of ii3JilOUl Rs" 1.::1 C[t:ilr;l!;:.·~'~'

The Cfi~C~i (if ~he Za~nindil:rl1 abQ~llIicflill1i Andinr:aw~r~ tl!ill: a~ C.oll!ipic~ous ad! 'Il!l!il~;k~}i'feh.iiIiS ~I!l Til:~ili!ilgilf!d" bUI emn~~.eci lilll Quit!! p.!.lSIJII.ive tmll'!!li!l! .~~ :~!!~f :m!doJ~~ Alre~i:bil1l :, 96:1.: Pr~f. S~~~MO\D!iI ft.!!) ab.!i:e,r'!,'i!d "Smi!j~jenrn ijlU!f~fI'Ii!~J~i:ln ~h'ltilii!e: I~Q tlUll !\DU:~~ i:il!n(l p~U:·>I;;:~~s.e.~ of 1!!l1Id :~¥~ne

... :"IIIIS~ inl;;;n:~~iQ m~ r~t ~~l:a~ !@'r!ihc:d'rili$~ms, IIJ:1id ~!I:~fldiitl!'i! Ol! ~:Ojfl~ impM\I'~ImtiI. ruld,'lmc $(Iu~~i{Jifim~oC¢. IIl'di,iCill.nrL\l~a~IIY r:h~~ the CC090iililic; po5~~fi~ ~rt~.~'Ob'h~~~ GQ~sid5~'~~~ti~pr~e~ ,qhr ~e:zamil~d~ ~~em MIS, tloo!,!~, • ~(lM\I~r, !Pwo! S~i\N3f~' R:~ :II $~udyrocl.!~ ~I;y

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