Unit 27

Three-Phase Circuits
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Objectives:

Discuss the differences between three-phase

and single-phase voltages

Discuss the characteristics of delta and w!e

connections

Co"pute voltage and current values for delta

and w!e connections

Co"pute the a"ount of capacitance needed to

correct the power factor of a three-phase "otor
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase #dvantages
$ The horsepower rating of three-phase "otors
and the %&# rating of three-phase transfor"ers
are $'() greater than single-phase "otors or
transfor"ers of si"ilar fra"e si*e
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase #dvantages
2 The power delivered b! a single-phase s!ste"
pulsates and falls to *ero The three-phase
power never falls to *ero The power delivered
to the load in a three-phase s!ste" is the sa"e
at an! instant This produces superior operating
characteristics for three-phase "otors
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase #dvantages
+ # three-phase s!ste" needs three conductors,
however- each conductor is onl! 7') the si*e of
the e.uivalent %&# rated single-phase
conductors
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-phase power never falls to *ero


Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-phase voltages with $2( degrees
of phase shift
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
/asic Properties
0 Three-phase s!ste"s have either three or four
conductors
0 There are three-phase conductors identified as
#- /- and C
0 The three phases are $2( degrees out of phase
with each other 1+2( divided b! +3
0 There is so"eti"es a fourth conductor- which is
the neutral
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
4!e Connections
0 The w!e- or star- connection is "ade b!
connecting one end of each of the phase
windings together in a co""on node
0 5ach phase winding has a voltage drop
%nown as the phase voltage
0 The line voltage is "easured fro" phase
conductor to a different phase conductor
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
4!e Connections
0 6n a w!e s!ste"- the line voltage is higher
than the phase voltage b! a factor of the
s.uare root of + 1$7+23
0 5
7ine
8 5
Phase
9 $7+2
0 5
Phase
8 5
7ine
: $7+2
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
4!e Connections
0 6n a w!e s!ste"- the line current is e.ual to
the phase current
0 6
7ine
8 6
Phase
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
7ine and phase voltages in a w!e connection


Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
7ine and phase currents in a w!e connection
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
&ector su" of t!pical w!e s!ste" voltages
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Delta Connections
0 6n a delta s!ste"- the line current is higher
than the phase current b! a factor of the
s.uare root of + 1$7+23
0 6
7ine
8 6
Phase
9 $7+2
0 6
Phase
8 6
7ine
: $7+2
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Delta Connections
0 6n a delta s!ste"- the line current is e.ual to
the phase current
0 5
7ine
8 5
Phase
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Delta s!ste" voltage and current relationships
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Delta s!ste" division of currents


Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase Power
0 Three-phase power can be co"puted in two
wa!s- using line values or phase values
0 &# 8 + 9 5
7ine
9 6
7ine
0 &# 8 + 9 5
Phase
9 6
Phase
0 ;ote that this is the sa"e on w!e or delta
s!ste"s
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
Three-Phase Power
0 Co"puting watts re.uires using the power
factor 1P<3
0 P 8 + 9 5
7ine
9 6
7ine
9 P<
0 P 8 + 9 5
Phase
9 6
Phase
9 P<
0 ;ote that this is the sa"e on w!e or delta
s!ste"s
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
59a"ple =$ given values
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
59a"ple =2 given values
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
59a"ple =+ given values
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
59a"ple => given values


Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
?eview:
$ The voltages of a three-phase s!ste" are $2(@
out of phase with each other
2 The two t!pes of three-phase connections are
w!e and delta
+ 4!e connections are characteri*ed b! the fact
that one ter"inal of each of the devices is
connected together
Unit 27 Three-Phase Circuits
?eview:
> 6n a w!e connection- the phase voltage is less
than the line voltage b! a factor of $7+2 The
phase current and the line current are the sa"e
' 6n a delta connection- the phase voltage is the
sa"e as the line voltage The phase current is
less than the line current b! a factor of $7+2