BERNOULLIS THEOREM APPARATUS

INTRODUCTION:
A fluid body can posses the types of energy, namely ;
POTENTIAL ENERGY
PRESSURE ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by vitue of its
position or location in space.
2. PRESSURE ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by virtue of the
pressure at which it is maintained.
3. KINETIC ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by virtue of its
motion.
DESCRIPTION :
The present apparatus is a self contained unit operated on a closed circuit basis consisting of
Sump Tank, Balancing Tank ( Supply Tank , !ollecting Tank ("elivery Tank connected to #enturimeter
with connections to $ie%ometer Tubes at different sections. A constant steady supply of water with a means
of manobloc pump&set with outlet delivery valve for floe control. There is also provision for measurement
of flow rate thus the velocity.
OBJECTIVE:
To verify the B'()*+,,-.S '/+AT-*) using the #')T+(-0'T'(.
(,A1 *2 !*)S'(#AT-*) *2 ')'(34
5
THEORY:
Bernoulli.s Theorem is stated as 6 -n a steady continuous flow of a frictionless
incompressible fluid, the sum of the $otential head, the pressure head 7 the 8inetic head is the same at all
points.
PROCEDURE:
5. 2ill&in the Sump Tank with clean water, and add some 9uantity of coloured ink to it
:. 8eep the delivery valve open.
;. !onnect the powder cable to 5 ph, ::<#, 5< Amps with neutral and earth connections
=. Switch&*) the pump. )ow, you will find water flowing the collecting Tank through
#enturimeter.
>. )ow, you find the different pie%ometric heads for corresponding points of #enturimeter for
constant supply head 7 delivery head.
?. )ote down all the pie%ometric readings 7 #elocity head at particular point is also noted
separately by bringing the inserted probe to that point.
@. )ote down height of water at supply tank 7 delivery tank.
A. !hange the delivery head by pushing down the overflow pipe and repeat the eBperiment.
C. Also, change flow of rate and repeat the eBperiment.
:
PRECAUTIONS AND THINGS TO REMEMBER
5. "o not start pump set if the supply voltage is less than ;<<# (phase to phase voltage.
:. "o not forget to give electrical earth 7 neutral connections correctly. 2re9uently, at least once in
three months, grease all visual moving parts.
;. -nitially, fill&in the tank with clean water free from foreign material. !hange the water every siB
months.
=. At least every week, operate the unit for five minutes to prevent any clogging of the moving parts.
>. To start and stop the supply pump, always keep #alve closed.
?. -t is recommended to put clean water to avoid scale formation on #enturimeter.
@. -n case of any maDor faults, $lease write to manufacture, and do not attempt to repair.

;
EQUIPMENT : B'()*+,,-.S A$$A(AT+S
EXPERIMENT: TO VERIFY BERNOULLIS THEOREM {LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY}
*BS'(#AT-*)S:-
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(ORMULE USED:
V&4!)5%6
1here,
/ / I 2low rate in m
;
Gsec
#elocity I &&&&&&&&&&& m G sec. a I Area of venturi in s9uare meters
a
D5,)7$'8&
A B ( 1here,
/ I &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& m
;
Gsec A I Area of collecting tank
t ( I (ise of water level in meters
t I Time taken for ( meters of water
(ise
T!%$4 7&$9
#
:
HI $J KKKKKK. JL
:g
1here,

$I $ressure head from manometer, in m of water.

LI $otential head.
@
G:59$;)& !" R&$95;8, #5%7 C$4):4$%5!;
TA$$-)3S $5 $: $; $= $> $? $@ $A $C $5<
H'A" AT $*-)T -) cm ;=.> ;;.> ;:.= :? :: :> ;<.: ;5.; ;: ;:.>
A('A *2 #')T+(- -) m
:
<.<<<=C5 <.<<<;>@ <.<<<:=> <.<<<5>; <.<<<5:; <.<<<5>; <.<<<:<: <.<<<:@C <.<<<;?C <.<<<=@5
S+$$,4 H'A" -) cm ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.> ;;.>
T-0' 2*( > cm of water -) sec
5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.: 5<.:
A('A *2 TA)8 -) m: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=:
"-S!HA(3' -) m;Gsec :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<= :.<?'&<=
#',*!-T4 -) m G sec <.=: <.>A <.A= 5.;> 5.?@ 5.;> 5.<: <.@= <.>? <.==
TOTAL HEAD IN 3./2 3./2 3./1 3./2 3.03 3./1 3./2 3./1 3./0 3./0

TA$$-)3S $5 $: $; $= $> $? $@ $A $C $5<
H'A" AT $*-)T -) cm ;>.> ;> ;=.> :C.C :>.: ;5 ;;.: ;;.@ ;;.A ;=
A('A *2 #')T+(- -) m: <.<<<=C5 <.<<<;>@ <.<<<:=> <.<<<5>; <.<<<5:; <.<<<5>; <.<<<:<: <.<<<:@C <.<<<;?C <.<<<=@5
S+$$,4 H'A" -) cm ;? ;? ;? ;? ;? ;? ;? ;? ;? ;?
T-0' 2*( > cm of water -) sec
55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A 55.:A
A('A *2 TA)8 -) m: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=:
"-S!HA(3' -) m;Gsec 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<= 5.A?'&<=
#',*!-T4 -) m G sec <.;A <.>: <.@? 5.:: 5.>5 5.:: <.C: <.?@ <.>< <.=<
TOTAL HEAD IN 3.02 3.02 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.0. 3.0- 3.02 3.01 3.01

TA$$-)3S $5 $: $; $= $> $? $@ $A $C $5<
H'A" AT $*-)T -) cm ;C.; ;C.: ;C ;A.A ;A.> ;A.: ;A.@ ;A.? ;A.A ;A.C
A('A *2 #')T+(- -) m: <.<<<=C5 <.<<<;>@ <.<<<:=> <.<<<5>; <.<<<5:; <.<<<5>; <.<<<:<: <.<<<:@C <.<<<;?C <.<<<=@5
S+$$,4 H'A" -) cm =5 =5 =5 =5 =5 =5 =5 =5 =5 =5
T-0' 2*( > cm of water -) sec
=>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@ =>.=@
A('A *2 TA)8 -) m: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=: <.<=:
"-S!HA(3' -) m;Gsec =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<> =.?:'&<>
#',*!-T4 -) m G sec <.<C <.5; <.5C <.;< <.;A <.;< <.:; <.5@ <.5; <.5<
TOTAL HEAD IN 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13
A
GUIDANCE O( CALCULATION
D5,)7$'8&
A B ( 1here,
"ischarge / I &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& m
;
Gsec A I Area of collecting tank
t ( I (ise of water level in meters
t I Time taken for ( meters of water rise
<.<=:M >
< --------------
5<<M=>.=@
I -./2E-3. m; Gsec

V&4!)5%6 1here,
/ / I 2low rate in m
;
Gsec
#elocity I &&&&&&&&&&& m G sec. a I Area of venturi in s9uare meters
a
=.?:'&<>
I &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
<.<<<=5C
I 3.32 m G sec.
C
T!%$4 H&$9
$
5
;C.;
$I KKKK. I KKKKK.K.. <3.323
5<< 5<<
#
:
I KKKKKK.
:g
(<.<C
:
I KKKKKKKKKK. I 3.333-1
:MC.A5 1here,

$I $ressure head from manometer, in m of water.

LI $otential head.
#
:
HI $J KKKKKK. JL
:g
HI (<.;C;J<.=5J<.<<<=5

H< 3.13
5<

55