M-Ed G.C.

Batch 8 (Jung) Page 1

CARL JUNGS ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHE the total personality
General entity that operates according to the principle of opposites
Construct that represent the interacting systems within the human personality that are needed to account for
the mental life and behavior of a person
PSYCHIC ENERGY An abstraction representing something real that cannot be touched that we know exists through its
effects (Just as physical energy manifests itself in the heating and the lighting of rooms, so psychic energy manifests itself
in our various feelings, thoughts and behaviors.)
PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE For a given quantity of energy expended or consumed in bringing about a certain
condition, an equal quantity of the same or another form of energy will appear elsewhere
An increase in concern with occupational success might mean an equivalent loss of concern with ones spiritual life
PRINCIPLE OF ENTROPY Process within the psyche whereby elements of unequal strength seek psychological
equilibrium. Any one-sided development of the personality creates conflict, tension, and strain, whereas a more even
distribution produces a more fully mature person.







CONSCIOUS images are those sensed by the ego.
EGO force in the personality responsible for feelings of identity and continuity. (Jung saw the ego as the center of
the consciousness, but not the core of personality.)
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS forgotten, repressed or subliminally perceived experiences that have lost their intensity
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS depository of instincts and archetypes that go beyond personal experience. These
transpersonal experiences are the residue of human evolutionary development and can be activated under proper
conditions. (For example, a young mother may unexpectedly react with love and tenderness to her newborn infant,
even though she previously had negative neutral feelings toward the fetus.)
ARCHETYPES universal themes or symbols that can be activated by forces operating in the psyche, thereby
generating visions that are projected onto current experiences.
1. PERSONA consists of roles human beings play to meet the demands of others; the side of personality that
people show to the world
Collective Unconscious
M-Ed G.C. Batch 8 (Jung) Page 2

(To become psychologically healthy, we must strike a balance between the demands of the society and what we
truly are. To be oblivious of ones persona is to underestimate the importance of the society, but to be unaware
of ones deep individuality is to become societys puppet.)
2. SHADOW inferior, evil, and repulsive side of human nature
3. ANIMA feminine archetype; involves a sense of warmth and understanding, mooding and irritability
4. ANIMUS masculine archetype; involves an ability to reason and use logic to solve problems, uncritical and
dogmatic adherence to certain ideas and an irrationality in solving problems
5. GREAT MOTHER archetype of fertility and destruction
6. WISE OLD MAN intelligent but deceptive voice of accumulated experience
7. HERO unconscious image of a person who conquers an evil foe but who also has a tragic flaw
8. SELF archetype that leads people to search for ways of maximizing the development of their potential;
archetype of completeness, wholeness and perfection.

(To actualize or fully experience the self, people must overcome their fear of the unconscious; prevent their
persona from dominating their personality; recognize the dark side of themselves (their shadow); and then
muster even greater courage to face their anima or animus.)

DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY
Causality
Present events have
their origin in previous
experiences
VS.
Teleology
Present events are
motivated by goals
and aspirations for the
future that direct a
persons destiny
Progression
Adaptation to the
outside world involves
the forward flow of
psychic energy
Regression
Adaptation to the
inner world relies on
backward flow of
psychic energy

THE THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES

Two Fundamental Attitudes
1. EXTRAVERSION outgoing, candid, and accommodating nature that adapts easily to given situations
turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and
away from the subjective; more influenced by the surroundings than by the inner world
2. INTROVERSION hesitant, reflective, retiring nature that keeps itself to itself, prefers to hide behind
mistrustful scrutiny
turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation towards the subjective
(Jung points out that people are not purely introverted or extraverted; rather each person has both introverted
and extraverted aspects.)

Four Functions ways in which people relate to the world
1. RATIONAL FUNCTIONS making judgments or evaluations of events in the world
a. Thinking recognizing truth or falsity
b. Feeling degree to which we like or dislike something; telling the value or worth
2. IRRATIONAL FUNCTIONS modes of apprehending the world without evaluating it
a. Sensing tells people that something exists
initial, concrete experiencing of phenomena without use of reason
b. Intuition relying on hunches whenever we have to deal with situations where we have no
established facts

FUNCTIONS ATTITUDES
Introversion Extraversion
Thinking Philosophers, theoretical scientists Research scientists, accountants, mathematicians
Feeling Subjective movie critics, art appraisers Real estate appraisers, objective movie critics
Sensation Artists, classical musicians Wine tasters, proofreaders, house painters
Intuition Prophets, mystics, religious fanatics Inventors, religious reformers

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY/STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. CHILDHOOD
a. Anarchic chaotic and sporadic consciousness
b. Monarchic development of the ego; beginning of logical and verbal thinking
M-Ed G.C. Batch 8 (Jung) Page 3

c. Dualistic ego is divided into subjective and objective
2. YOUTH puberty to middle life
Period of increased activity, maturing sexually, growing consciousness, and recognition that the
problem-free era of childhood is gone forever
Major difficulty: CONSERVATIVE PRINCIPLE desire to live in the past
3. MIDDLE AGE begins at approximately age 35 to 40
May fight desperately to maintain their youthful appearance and lifestyle
(We cannot live in the afternoon of life according to the programme of lifes morning; for what
was great in the morning will be little at evening, and what in the morning was true will at
evening have become a lie.)
4. OLD AGE diminution of consciousness; fear of death

SELF-REALIZATION process of becoming an individual or whole person
Realization of the self, minimized their persona, recognized their anima/animus, acquired balance
between introversion and extraversion, elevated all functions to a superior position

Brought about by TRANSCENDENCE conflict is resolved by bringing opposing forces into balance
with each other with understanding
Self-realization is an ideal state and not something to be attained. It is the process that is
important, not the achievement of the goal. By undergoing this painful struggle to reconcile the
conflicting sides of their nature, patients become integrated, whole personalities. They do not
become perfect human beings; they become, instead, what they were destined to become
individuals with unique set of strengths and limitations.

JUNGS ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES or METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

1. Dream Analysis
are spontaneous and involuntary eruption of repressed materials
Attempts at resolving current problems and conflicts (If the dream helps in the resolution of the problem,
it should not occur again.)
compensatory in nature (attempts at rectifying deficiencies in personality (feelings and attitudes not
expressed during waking life will find its outlet through the dream process)
2. Word Association Test
presented patients with stimulus words and each verbal response, time taken to make a response, rate
of
breathing and galvanic skin response are recorded
Areas of conflict were assumed to be present if the patient (a) repeated the stimulus word several times
as
though the it had not been heard (b) gave a response of more than one word (c) gave a meaningless
reaction (d) failed to respond
3. Active Imagination
requires a person to begin with any impression a dream, an image, vision, or fantasy and to
concentrate until the impression begins to move
4. Psychotherapy
Stages:
1. Confession acknowledging his/her limitations to another
2. Elucidation the patient bring to surface certain contents of the unconscious which the therapist
clarifies; learning the origins of the problems
3. Education incorporation of insights into ones personality in order to adapt to social environment
4. Transformation interplay between therapist and patient leads to change that move beyond adaptation
to environment and towards self-realization
5. Painting Therapy
a means of encouraging them to express their unconscious feelings or thoughts

CRITIQUES of JUNG

Nearly impossible to either falsify or verify (The collective unconscious remains a difficult concept to test
empirically
Many of its concepts are highly ambiguous (Regression and introverted are so closely-related that they
can be said to describe the same process)