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Model Question Paper

Power System Protection and Switchgear
Answer any 5 Questions


1. i.
ii.
List the advantages of neutral grounding.
What is a grounding transformer? Explain with a neat sketch
how and where it is used?
4

6
I



ii
In the figure shown I
LC
= I
LB
= I
LA
= 50A , a fault occurs at Bus C,
relay R
B
set on 100 %; CT ratios 200/1; Relay R
A
set on 125 % .
For discrimination, the time grading margin between the relays
is 0.5 s .
Determine the time of operation of the two relays assuming
that both the relays have the characteristics as shown in the
following table and the relay R
B
has a TMS = 0.2. Also
determine the TMS of relay R
A .



PSM

2

3.6

5

8

10

5

20
Time in s for a
TMS of 1

10

6

3.9

3.15

2.8

2.2

2.1



10
2. I






ii

Define and explain the following terms as applied to protective
relaying
i) Pick-up value
ii) Plug-setting multiplier
Time-setting multiplier


Describe the difference between definite characteristic and
inverse characteristic of over current relays


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iii
With necessary circuit diagram explain the operation of earth
leakage protection relay used for the protection of single phase
loads.


3
i.



ii
Explain with neat sketches the principle of working of the
following types of relays
i) Impedance relay
ii) Reactance relay

Explain the effect of arc resistance on reach of Impedance relay
& Reactance relay

6


4

3. I Explain how the percentage differential relay overcomes the
drawbacks of the simple differential relay. Also draw the
operating characteristics of percentage differential relay and
explain.

10
I

ii.
With a neat sketch explain the constructional details and
operation of the Buchholz relay.
Draw a neat sketch that shows the CT connections for
differential protection of a three phase , delta-star transformer
for normal load flow or external balanced fault conditions
5


5
4. I


ii.
In a generator protection scheme, what are rotor faults? Explain
an arrangement for its detection and protection.

What are the effects of unbalanced loading in a generator?

5

5
I

ii.
.
What are the consequences of running an induction motor on
unbalanced supply voltage?
What are the effects of single phasing on the induction motor?
6

4
5
i


ii

Explain the constructional features and principle of working of
vacuum circuit breakers.

Explain the important part played by contact material in a
circuit breaker, with special reference to vacuum circuit
breakers.

7


3



i




A star connected, three phase , 10 MVA, 6.6 kV alternator is
protected by Merz-Price circulating current principle using
1000/5 amperes current transformers. The star point of the
alternator is earthed through a resistance of 7.5 ohms. If the

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ii

minimum operating current for the relay is o.5 A, calculate the
percentage of each phase of the stator winding which is
unprotected against earth-faults when the machine is operating
at normal voltage.

A three-phase transformer having line voltage ratio of 0.4 kV/
11kV is connected in star-delta and protective transformers on
the 400 V side have a current ratio of 500 / 5. What must be the
ratio of the protective transformers on the 11 kV side?





5
6 I

ii

Explain the current chopping phenomenon with respect to
breaking of a circuit.
Derive an expression for the restriking voltage in terms of
system voltage, inductance and capacitance across a circuit
breaker contacts when a three phase fault takes place. Draw
relevant circuit diagrams.
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5
i.



ii
Explain the following types of protection schemes for radial
feeders
i) Primary protection
ii) Back-up protection

The CT ratio for all the CTs in the busbar differential protection
scheme has to be same and is decided by the feeder carrying
maximum current. Explain
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