3rd Generation Wireless Networks University of Maryland

Motivations for Changes in Rev. A? Issues in Traffic Channels of Rev. 0

¾ Better QoS Support for Multi-Media and Gaming ¾ Forward Link
z VoIP, P2T, Video streaming
z Physical layer packets are big
z Lower latency, higher capacity for VoIP, QoS differentiation at
airlink Î1024 ~ 4096 bits
¾ Improved Reverse Link ÎLow packing efficiency and low capacity for VoIP
z Peak throughput: 1.8 Mbps z Sector switching interrupts streaming
z 50 ~ 100% increase in typical user throughput
¾ Reverse Link
¾ Other Improvements
z Improved HAT operation z Peak rate is low (153.6 Kbps)
z Improved sector switching z Power control is not efficient enough
z Enhanced paging cycle z Probability-based rate control is inefficient
¾ Broadcast/Multicast
z Broadcast the same content at 200 ~ 300 Kbps (up to 2.4 Mbps)
z No limit in number of listeners

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Enhanced Forward Traffic Channel Short & Multi-user Packets

¾ Faster: 2.4 Mbps → 3.072 Mbps (5120 bits/packet)
¾ Lower rates: 38.4 Kbps → 4.8, 9.6, 19.2 Kbps
z But, effective throughput would be similar to that of 38.4 Kbps due
to early termination (No new DRC’s defined for lower rates)
¾ Short packets
z 128, 256, 512 bits/packet
z Reduces latency and delay jitter (helps VoIP, streaming)
z Increases packing efficiency when DRC is low
¾ Multi-user packets
z 128 ~ 5120 bits/packet
z Increases packing efficiency when DRC is high
z Up to 8 security-layer packets in a multi-user packet
¾ More traffic channels per sector: 59 → 114
¾ In 1x, frame structure and length are optimized to carry
CDMA voice frames
¾ In EV-DO Rev A, short and multi-user packets provide
higher packing efficiency
z Short packets improve packing efficiency when DRC is low
Î128, 256, 512-bit packets
ÎCan carry one or more variable rate voice packets
z Multi-user packets improve packing efficiency when DRC is high
ÎAllows up to 8 packets from different users to be transmitted in one
physical layer packet
ÎNear-perfect packing efficiency when mixed with full queue data user’s
packets
ÎMulti-user diversity gain still be achievable for such data packets

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3rd Generation Wireless Networks University of Maryland

Single-User MAC Packets Multi-User MAC Packets

¾ Single-user simplex MAC packet ¾ Multi-user MAC packet
96, 224, 480, 992, 2016, 3040, 4064, or 5088 bits 2 bits

( 12, 28, 60, 124, 252, 380, 508, or 636 octets )

MAC Layer Payload MAC

trailer
( Security Layer Packet ) 01 or 11 96, 224, 480, 992, 2016, 3040, 4064, or 5088 bits 2 bits

( 12, 24, 60, 124, 252, 380, 508, or 636 octets )

MAC Layer Header

¾ Single-user multiplex MAC packet m PacketInfo Fields

m = n or n+1
n Length
MAC Layer Payload
PAD
MAC
Layer
Fields ( n Security Layer Packets ) Trailer
2≤m≤8 ( n = 1, 2, ..., 8 ) 00
96, 224, 480, 992, 2016, 3040, 4064, or 5088 bits 2 bits
m octets n octets
( 12, 24, 60, 124, 252, 380, 508, or 636 octets )
PacketInfo field Length : Length of the Security Layer packet (in octets)
MAC
MAC Layer Header MAC Layer Payload
Layer 1 octet
( m Length Fields ) ( n Security Layer Packets ) PAD
Trailer
( m = n or n+1 ) ( n = 1, 2, ... )
10
Format MACIndex
m octets

1 bit 7 bits

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Enhanced Reverse Traffic Channel Reverse Link Rates

¾ Higher Performance
Payload Payload Effective Data Rate (kbps)
z Much faster: 9.6 ~ 153.6 Kbps → 4.8 Kbps ~ 1.8 Mbps Size (bits) Size (bits)
z HARQ: 50 ~ 100% increase in sector throughput Minimum Maximum Transmit Transmit Transmit Transmit
z Minimum latency: 26.67 msec → 6.67 msec Duration Duration Duration Duration
1 sub- 2 sub- 3 sub- 4 sub-
¾ HARQ in RL frame frames frames frames
z Provides higher capacity by providing an additional layer of adaptation 1 128 19.2 9.6 6.4 4.8
against varying channel condition
129 256 38.4 19.2 12.8 9.6
ÎPower control cannot track very fast fading due to fixed power control step size
(up to 2 dB penalty) 257 512 76.8 38.4 25.6 19.2
ÎEstimation error in received power due to low spectral efficiency nature of 513 768 115.2 57.6 38.4 28.8
CDMA
769 1024 153.6 76.8 51.2 38.4
ÎError in RPC
1025 1536 230.4 115.2 76.8 57.6
ÎTime-varying interference from other terminals
z About 50 ~ 100% capacity gain is expected 1537 2048 307.2 153.6 102.4 76.8

z Provides flexible trade-off between capacity and latency 2049 3072 460.8 230.4 153.6 115.2

ÎVery low latency (6.67 msec) can be achieved for VoIP 3073 4096 614.4 307.2 204.8 153.6
ÎHigher number of VoIP calls can be supported by switching to capacity-efficient 4097 6144 921.6 460.8 307.2 230.4
mode 6145 8192 1228.8 614.4 409.6 307.2
z Enables D-ARQ in RL 8193 12288 1843.2 921.6 614.4 460.8
ÎCan replace RLP retransmission for delay-sensitive traffic
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3rd Generation Wireless Networks University of Maryland

Data Channel Power Comparison Between Rev. 0 and A

Payload size (bits) Data Gain (dB)

128 0.75
256 3.75 Rev. 0 Rev. A
512 7 Forward Range 38.4 Kbps ~ 2.4 Mbps 4.8 Kbps ~ 3.1 Mbps
768 8.75 Link Typical 300 ~ 600 Kbps 300 ~ 600 Kbps
1024 10 Range 9.6 ~ 153.6 Kbps 4.8 Kbps ~ 1.8 Mbps
1536 11.5 Reverse
Typical 50 ~ 100 kbps 50 ~ 200 Kbps
Link
2048 13 Min Latency 26.7 msec 6.7 msec
3072 14.25 Paging cycle 5.12 sec 6.7 msec ~ 320 sec
4096 15.5 Traffic channels 59 114
6144 12.25 + 4.7712
8192 13.75 + 4.7712

¾ Relative to pilot power (T2P)

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Enhanced Sector Switching Enhanced Sector Switching (Rev A vs. Rev 0)

¾ In revision 0, the AT service on the forward-link may be interrupted
during cell selection when the new base-station undergoes the necessary
preparation
¾ The function of the DSC (Data Source Control) channel is to indicate the
desired FL serving cell ahead of the DRC sector information.
¾ Newly Introduced DSC Channel
z AT gives an early indication by using DSC that it wants to switch the serving
cell
z AN prepares redirecting RLP stream to the new cell
z AT changes the serving cell by changing DRC cover
z The new cell starts transmitting

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3rd Generation Wireless Networks University of Maryland

EV-DO Broadcast Overview Physical Channels

¾ Each (interlace, multiplex) pair represents a physical channel
¾ Broadcast enables efficient delivery of (push) ¾ Each physical channel operates at a single Bit_Rate , selectable between
multimedia content to all terminals in a sector in a 38.4 – 2457.6 kbps
single virtual transmission ¾ Each physical channel uses a fraction (Slot_Fraction) of the total time
slot capacity of the EV-DO carrier
¾ Supports many content types ¾ Physical Channel Throughput = Bit_Rate * Slot_Fraction
z News, music, sports, games, ¾ Unicast and control traffic can be carried in unused slots
z Advertising, emergency services
z Private content for campuses, public hot spots
Interlaces
¾ Multiple content delivery models
z Instant playback (TV-like)
z Store-and-playback (TiVo like)
Multiplex
Multiplexes Burst Length

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Multi-Flow Reverse Link MAC Enhanced Access Channel

¾ Improved Rate Control ¾ Faster: 9.6 Kbps → 9.6, 19.2, and 38.4 Kbps
z Direct T2P resource management
z Faster rate ramp-up z Quicker access
z Reduced delay jitter for high speed streaming (e.g., video streaming) z Helps data over signaling
z Autonomous adaptive rate ramp up by AT (e.g., when sector is
lightly loaded) ¾ Shorter preamble for faster access: 16 * N slots → 4
¾ Reverse link scheduling slots
z Request and grant based
z Seamless switching between scheduling and autonomous modes z Typically N = 2 in rev. 0
¾ Better QoS Support ¾ Maximum rate can be controlled by broadcasting
z One or more RLP flows in a MAC flow
z Prioritization based on T2P resource allocation the access channel maximum rate
¾ Multi-Flow RL MAC and Rev. A RL Phy z Useful when sector is loaded
z Further QoS differentiation by operating each flow in either high-
capacity or low-latency modes ¾ Maximum rate can be configured for individual
ÎLow-latency mode: power boosting to cause early termination, lowers
latency
terminal
ÎHigh-capacity mode: no power boosting, maximizes HARQ gain

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3rd Generation Wireless Networks University of Maryland

Enhanced Control Channel Enhanced Idle State Operation

¾ Shorter control channel packets: 1024 bits → 128, ¾ Enhanced Idle State Protocol
256, 512, 1024 bits z Paging cycle: 6.7 msec ~ 320 sec
z Faster connection setup for P2T and VoIP
z Reduces connection setup time for gaming, P2T by
z Gradual increase in paging cycle in 3 steps
reducing transmission time for TCA
z Renegotiation of paging cycle depending on remaining battery life
¾ Lower rates: 38.4 Kbps → 19.2 Kbps ¾ Data-Over-Signaling Protocol
z Improved coverage z Allows sending data over common channels (access and control)
¾ Sub-sync capsules z VoIP and P2T call setup time can be reduced by sending SIP INVITE
together with ConnectionRequest and Paging
z Paging cycle shorter than 427 msec achievable for faster z No need to setup a DO connection for periodic P2T registration
connection setup

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Enhanced 1x/DO Hybrid Operation

¾ In EV-DO Rev 0, hybrid handsets also monitor 1x carrier for

normal 1x idle mode operations, when active or dormant on
DO
z Check 1x paging channel
z Send/receive SMS
z Perform 1x registrations, etc.

¾ Cross-tunneling Benefits
z Lowers battery consumption
z Increases EV-DO throughput
z Supports hybrid-mode operation while handling delay-sensitive
traffic over EV-DO

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