Water Hammer Report 1

WATER SUPPLY GALLE DISTRICT
IMMEDIATE MEASURES IN TSUNAMI

AFFECTED AREAS
WATER HAMMER ANALYSIS REPORT
August 2008
(Revision 0)
Perunding A.L. Lau
e-mail:allau@pc.jaring.my
Home page: http//www.go.to/lales
PERUNDING
A.L. Lau
Raw Water Pumping System
High Lift Pumping System
Booster Pumping System
DESIGN AND BUILD WORKS FOR
REHABILITATION AND EXTENSION OF
BADDEGAMA WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND
PUMP STATIONS
APPENDIX A
Transient Response
for
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\BPA\[Graphs-Vessel1.xls]Graphs
Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure (No Protection)
Min. Surge Pressure (No Protection) Hydraulic Grade Line
Max. Surge Pressures Min. Surge Pressures
Files Used:
pump2.pf1
avpump2 pf1
A
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
No Protection With protection
Files Used:
pump2.hf1
A
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
No Protection With Protection
Files Used:
pump2.hf1
avpump2.hf1
A
-
i
i
i
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r

(
i
n
s
i
d
e

A
/
V
)
,

c
u
m
A/V at CH 25 A/V at CH 25
Files Used:
avpump2.
avpump2
A
-
i
v
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r

(
i
n
s
i
d
e

a
i
r

v
a
l
v
e
)
Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time, Sec.
A
i
r

m
a
s
s

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
,

K
g
/
s
e
c
.
Files Used:
avpump2.av1
avpump2.av1
A
-
v
A
i
r

m
a
s
s

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time, Sec.
A
i
r

V
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
c

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
,

c
u
.
m
/
m
i
n
.
Files Used:
avpump2
avpump
A
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e
t
r
i
c

f
l
o
w

r
a
t
e
APPENDIX B
Transient Response
for
Case A
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\HL\[B-Results-Vessel1.xls]Sheet1
Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP - High Lift Pump
Case A:Pumping to Ambalangota
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a.pf1
AvCaVs2a.pf1
B
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a.pf1
AvCaVs2a pf1
B
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
MINIMUM AIR MAXIMUM AIR
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a.hf1
A C V 2 hf1
B
-
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
-1.00E-01
-5.00E-02
0.00E+00
5.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.50E-01
2.00E-01
2.50E-01
3.00E-01
3.50E-01
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a.hf1
AvCaVs2a.hf1
B
-
i
v
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCaVs
AvCaVs
B
-
v
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
Files Used:
AvCaVs
AvCaV
B
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
-0.3
-0.25
-0.2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a
AvCaVs2a
B
-
v
i
i
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

Program by A.L. Lau
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCaVs2a.vs1
AvCaVs2a.vs1
B
-
v
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
APPENDIX C
Transient Response
for
Case B
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\HL\[C-Results-Vessel1.xls]Sheet1
Program by A.L. Lau
Case B:Pumping to Galagoda
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a.pf1
AvCbVs2a.pf1
C
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a.pf1
AvCbVs2a.pf1
C
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a.hf1
A CbV 2 hf1
C
-
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
-1.00E-01
-5.00E-02
0.00E+00
5.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.50E-01
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a.hf1
AvCbVs2a.hf1
C
-
i
v
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
11.6
11.8
12
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13
13.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCbVs2
AvCbVs2
C
-
v
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
Files Used:
AvCbVs2
AvCbVs2
C
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
-0.12
-0.1
-0.08
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a
AvCbVs2a
C
-
v
i
i
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCbVs2a.vs1
AvCbVs2a.vs1
C
-
v
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
APPENDIX D
Transient Response
for
Case C
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\HL\[D-Results-Vessel1.xls]Sheet1
Program by A.L. Lau
Case C:Pumping to Batapola
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a.pf1
AvCcVs2a pf1
D
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a.pf1
AvCcVs2a pf1
D
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a.hf1
AvCcVs2a.hf1
D
-
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
-1.50E-01
-1.00E-01
-5.00E-02
0.00E+00
5.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.50E-01
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a.hf1
AvCcVs2a.hf1
D
-
i
v
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
11.8
12
12.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13
13.2
13.4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCcVs2
AvCcVs2
D
-
v
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
Files Used:
AvCcVs2
AvCcVs2
D
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a
AvCcVs2a
D
-
v
i
i
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

Program by A.L. Lau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
AvCcVs2a.vs1
AvCcVs2a.vs1
D
-
v
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
APPENDIX E
Transient Response
for
Booster Pump System
Case A
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\BPA\[E-Results-Vessel1.xls]Sheet1
Program by A.L. Lau
Baddegama WTP - Booster Pump A
Case A:Pump to Kosgoda
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
caPump2.pf1
caVes1a.pf1
E
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
caPump2.pf1
caVes1b.pf1
E
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
Files Used:
caves1a.hf1
V 1b hf1
E
-
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
-4.00E-02
-2.00E-02
0.00E+00
2.00E-02
4.00E-02
6.00E-02
8.00E-02
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
caves1a.hf1
caVes1b.hf1
E
-
i
v
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
29.2
29.4
29.6
29.8
30
30.2
30.4
30.6
30.8
31
31.2
31.4
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
caVes1b
caves1a
E
-
v
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
Files Used:
caVes1b
caves1a
E
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
-0.08
-0.07
-0.06
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
caVes1b vs
caves1a v
E
-
v
i
i
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

Program by A.L. Lau
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
caVes1b.vs1
caves1a.vs1
E
-
v
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l
APPENDIX F
Transient Response
for
Booster Pump System
Case B
C:\J obs\Hitachi\Baddegama\BPA\[F-Results-Vessel1.xls]Sheet1
Program by A.L. Lau
Case B:Pumping to Bentota
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
ccPump2.pf1
ccVes1a.pf1
F
-
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
i
n
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Chainage in m.
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
.
(
A
b
o
v
e

D
a
t
u
m
)
Files Used:
ccPump2.pf1
ccVes1b.pf1
F
-
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

e
n
v
e
l
o
p
e

-
w
i
t
h

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

i
n
i
t
i
a
l

a
i
r

Program by A.L. Lau
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

H
e
a
d

a
t

P
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

m
Files Used:
ccves1a.hf1
V 1b hf1
F
-
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
-4.00E-02
-2.00E-02
0.00E+00
2.00E-02
4.00E-02
6.00E-02
8.00E-02
1.00E-01
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
ccves1a.hf1
ccVes1b.hf1
F
-
i
v
F
l
o
w

a
t

p
u
m
p

e
n
d

Program by A.L. Lau
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
e
s
s
e
l
'
s

w
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
cbVes1b
cbves1
F
-
v
W
a
t
e
r

l
e
v
e
l

o
f

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
V
o
l
u
m
e

o
f

A
i
r
,

c
u
m
Files Used:
cbVes1b
cbves1a
F
-
v
i
A
i
r

v
o
l
u
m
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

t
h
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

Program by A.L. Lau
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
0.0045
0.005
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

o
r
i
f
i
c
e
,

c
u
m
/
s
Files Used:
cbVes1b vs1
cbves1a vs1
F
-
v
i
i
F
l
o
w

t
h
r
o
u
g
h

i
n
t
e
r
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g

p
i
p
e

w
o
r
k
s

Program by A.L. Lau
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time, Sec.
G
a
u
g
e

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

V
e
s
s
e
l
,

m
Files Used:
cbVes1b.vs1
cbves1a.vs1
F
-
v
i
i
i
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n
s
i
d
e

s
u
r
g
e

v
e
s
s
e
l

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1
2. COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PUMP SYSTEMS.......................................................................2
3. ASSUMPTIONS...................................................................................................................................3
3.1. PIPES:............................................................................................................................................3
3.2. FLUID:...........................................................................................................................................3
3.3. VESSEL: ........................................................................................................................................3
4. THEORY..............................................................................................................................................4
5. WATER HAMMER EFFECT ON RAW PUMPING SYSTEM.....................................................6
5.1. STEADY STATE..............................................................................................................................6
5.2. TRANSIENT STATE.........................................................................................................................6
6. WATER HAMMER EFFECT ON HIGH LIFT PUMPING SYSTEM.........................................9
6.1. STEADY STATE..............................................................................................................................9
6.2. TRANSIENT STATE.........................................................................................................................9
7. WATER HAMMER EFFECT ON BOOSTER PUMP SYSTEM.................................................13
7.1. STEADY STATE............................................................................................................................13
7.2. TRANSIENT STATE.......................................................................................................................13
8. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................17

List of Graphs
Graph 1: - Raw Water System Surge Pressure Envelopes.................................................. 7
Graph 2: - High Lift System Surge Pressure Envelopes................................................... 10
Graph 3: - Booster Pump System Surge Pressure Envelopes........................................... 14
Graph 4: - Performance Graph for 100mm dia. Inlet & 5mm dia. Outlet Vacuum Relief
and Air Release valve............................................................................................... 17

List of Figures
Figure 1: - Raw Water Pumping System Schematic Diagram........................................... 8
Figure 2: High Lift Pumping System Schematic Diagram............................................... 12
Figure 3: Booster Pump System Schematic Diagram...................................................... 16

Appendix A - Transient Response of Raw Water Pumping System
Pressure envelope A-i
Pressure at pump end A-ii
Flow at pump end A-iii
Volume of Air (inside air valve) A-iv
Air mass flow rate A-v
Air volumetric flow rate A-vi

Appendix B - Transient Response of High Lift Pumping System Case A
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air B-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air B-ii
Pressure at pump end B-iii
Flow at pump end B-iv
Water level of the surge vessel B-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel B-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works B-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel B-viii

Appendix C - Transient Response of High Lift Pumping System Case B
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air C-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air C-ii
Pressure at pump end C-iii
Flow at pump end C-iv
Water level of the surge vessel C-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel C-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works C-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel C-viii

Appendix D - Transient Response of High Lift Pumping System Case C
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air D-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air D-ii
Pressure at pump end D-iii
Flow at pump end D-iv
Water level of the surge vessel D-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel D-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works D-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel D-viii

Appendix E - Transient Response of Booster Pump System Case A
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air E-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air E-ii
Pressure at pump end E-iii
Flow at pump end E-iv
Water level of the surge vessel E-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel E-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works E-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel E-viii

Appendix F - Transient Response of Booster Pump System Case B
Pressure envelope -with minimum initial air B-i
Pressure envelope -with maximum initial air B-ii
Pressure at pump end B-iii
Flow at pump end B-iv
Water level of the surge vessel B-v
Air volume inside the surge vessel B-vi
Flow through inter-connecting pipe works B-vii
Pressure in the surge vessel B-viii
1
1. Introduction
This report covers the analysis of the transient response of the pumping systems for Bad-
degama water supply systems. There are three pumping systems, namely, raw water
pumping system, High lift and a booster pump systems in this scheme. The raw water
pumping system is for transferring raw water from an intake to the treatment plant for
treatment. After treatment, the treated water is pumped to Ambalangoda, Galagado and
Batapola reservoirs for distributions. At Ambalangoda, the treated water is further
pumped to Kosgoda and Bentata to serve the consumers at those locations.
After sudden shut down of the pump, flows decay rapidly at the pump discharge end.
This phenomenal has caused a water column separation at the pump discharge end, which
causes the pressures in the pipe to drop and creating the down surge pressures. This pres-
sure reduction is transmitted along the pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pres-
sure wave is reflected, an up surge pressure is generated. The rate of flow decay is de-
pendent on the rate of water feeding into the pipe by the angular momentums of the rotat-
ing components of the pump. The higher the angular momentums will result in slower
rate of flow decay, which will help to minimize the surge pressures. Angular momentum
is a function of the moment of inertia of pumps impeller, motor and speed of rotation.
Therefore, to achieve acceptable surge pressures, the pump sets need to process sufficient
moment inertia and operating at high speed. If the moment of inertia of pump is unable to
control the surge pressures to fall within the acceptable limits, the surge control system
shall be provided to control the surge pressures generated.
It is a common practice during pump-stopping procedure, the discharge valve is first
closed slowly, and then the power supply to the pump motor is switched off. The tran-
sient caused by this operation is not severe as the flow in the pumping system is slowly
reduced to zero. But the sudden stoppage of the pumps due to power failure will cause
sudden flow reduction, and severe surge pressures will be generated. Therefore, this re-
port will study the transient effect on the pumping systems under sudden stoppage of
pumps and recommend appropriate water hammer control systems to protect the systems
against any adverse effect of surge pressures.
2
2. Computer Simulation of Pump Systems
The transient response of the pumping system will be studied without any surge protec-
tion system at the design flow rate. If the upsurge or down surge pressures in the pipeline
are not within the acceptable limit, then a proposed surge suppression system will be con-
sidered to limit the excessive surge pressures. The design criteria are:
The up surge pressure must not exceed the maximum rating the pump system
at 160m (16 bars).
Preferably, the down surge pressure shall not fall below atmospheric pressure
(0 m). However under certain conditions, limited negative pressure is accept-
able, provided the limited sub-atmospheric pressure does not have any adverse
effect to the systems. Nevertheless, the effects of negative pressure as listed be-
low need to be considered seriously.
a) Severe sub-atmospheric pressure will cause the pipe to collapse.
b) If the sub-atmospheric pressure is minus 10m, this is the vapor pressure of
water. This will cause liquid water to vaporize; the transient response of the
vaporized water is difficult to predict.
c) When the sub-atmospheric pressure is lower than about minus 7m, any dis-
solved air in water will evolve from solution. This air will not necessarily be
reabsorbed into the water when pumping pressure is re-applied. The tran-
sient response of the air/water mixture is difficult to predictable accurately.
d) Sub-atmospheric pressure lower than around minus 5m may cause damage
to the concrete lining of the pipe if they are repeated frequently.
e) Pressure lower than the external hydraulic pressure may allow ground water
to be drawn into the pipeline through faulty joints, leaking washouts and
even submerged air valves with subsequent risk of contamination to the sup-
ply.
3
f) Ingress of air into the pipeline during down surge may interfere with the
proper operation of some instrumentation, such as flowmeter or control
valves.
As requirement of the specifications, the minimum down surge pressure shell
not fall below -0.6m.
The air in the surge vessel shall not escape into the pipeline during the tran-
sient. To maintain a safe margin, maximum expanded air volume should not
exceed 80% of the volume of the surge vessel.
3. Assumptions
3.1. Pipes:
Modulus of elasticity of steel =200 Gpa.
Poissons ratio =.27
Conduit condition: thin wall elastic conduit.
Friction factor: C=110.
3.2. Fluid:
Fluid: Water
Bulk Modulus: 2.19 Gpa
Density: 1000 Kg/m
3

Operating temperature: Ambient.
3.3. Vessel:
Air expansion: behaves midway between isothermal and adiabatic and is as-
sumed to follow PV
1.2
=constant.
Pipe works: Return flow restricted.
Surge within interconnecting pipe works is ignored.
4
4. Theory
Rapidly varying pressure and flow conditions in pipe systems are characterized by varia-
tion, which are both position (x) and time (t) dependent. These conditions are described
by the dynamic equation

And the continuity equation

Where
Q Flow rate
t time
H head
x distance
f friction factor
D Diameter of conduit
g acceleration due to gravity
A cross-sectional area of conduit
a wave velocity

Both Eqs.1 and 2 are partial differential equations.

Consider linear combination of Eqs 1 and 2 i.e.
L =L
1
+L
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------3
And let
1 0 | |
2
1
= + + = Q Q
DA
f
x
H
gA
t
Q
L
2 0
2
2
= + =
t
H
gA
x
Q
a L
5

Eq. 3 can be written as

if

and

if

Eqs. 4 and 5 have been converted to ordinary differential equations in the independent
variable t, and can be solved easily by digital computer by method of characteristics. Due
to the tremendous computing power of the computer, various boundary conditions, such
as surge vessel, surge tank, pumps, reservoir, air valves, surge valves etc. just to name a
few, can be evaluated. The details of the formulation and analysis of these boundary con-
ditions are beyond the scope of this report.
a
1
=
4 0 | |
2
= + + Q Q
DA
f
dt
dH
a
gA
dt
dQ
a
dt
dx
=
5 0 | |
2
= + Q Q
DA
f
dt
dH
a
gA
dt
dQ
a
dt
dx
=
6
5. Water Hammer effect on Raw Pumping System
5.1. Steady State
The pumping line consists of 600 mm in diameter mild steel pipe running parallel with an
existing 350 mm diameter pipe, 775m long. The last 175m of the pipeline is where the
parallel pipe merges into a single 700mm diameter pipe and end at the aerator. The pipe-
line profile is running at about elevation of 6m for the first 200m, and dropped to around
2m until the end of the pipeline which raise quickly towards the aerator. This type of con-
cave pipe profile has ample room for the down surge envelope to drop, and hence surge
pressures generated will be easier to control. The surge suppression criteria will be to
prevent the maximum upsurge pressures exceeding the pressure rating of the pumping
system at 16 bars. Besides, the down surge pressures shall not fall below -6m.
Surge pressures are caused by the change of momentum in the pipeline, and momentum
is dependent on the velocity of flow in the pipeline. A high rate of change of flow rate in
the pipe will cause more severe surge pressures. Hence, to capture the worst scenario, the
maximum total flow rate of 500 l/sec shall be used for the analysis of the transient effect
on the system for design of the necessary protection systems.
5.2. Transient State
A simulation of sudden shut down of the pump without external surge protection devices
has show that down surge pressures of -10m have occurred at Ch 25m, where the high
point is located. This pressure reduction is transmitted along the pipeline at the wave ve-
locity, and when this pressure wave is reflected, an up surge pressure of 33m is experi-
enced at the pump end. . The down surge pressure is low and is not acceptable; therefore
surge protection system is required. The pressure envelope in Graph 1 has indicated that
the sub-atmospheric pressures occurred almost along the whole pipeline.
The high point at CH 25m is the highest point along the pipeline and very close to the
pumping station. Such location is very suitable to install a vacuum air valve to control
down surge pressures. Therefore it is anticipated that by installing a vacuum air valve at
this location, the down surge pressures can be controlled without the need of surge vessel.
7
Pressure Envelope
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
7
5
1
5
0
2
2
5
3
0
0
3
7
5
4
5
0
5
2
5
6
0
0
6
7
5
7
5
0
8
2
5
9
0
0
9
5
0
Distance in m
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
Pipeline Profile Max. Surge Pressure
Min. Surge Pressure Hydraulic Grade Line
Min. Surge Pressure (no proctetion) Max. Surge Pressure (no protection)
- Vacuumrelief - Air release valve (A/V)

Graph 1: - Raw Water System Surge Pressure Envelopes
Simulation of the
pumping system with the
proposed vacuum relief
air release valve is carried
out in the computer. The
analysis has show that
following the first few
seconds after total power
failure, the drop of
pressures near the
pumping station has caused air to be drawn into the vacuum relief air release valve.
Such effect has increased the down surge pressure from 10m to -2.1m. However, due to
the dynamic of rejoining of water column during up surge phase, the up surge pressure
has increased from 33m to 50m. Although the up surge pressures have increased, but still
within the pressure rating of the pumping system, therefore the proposed surge protection
system is acceptable.
The results of the simulation are shown in Graph 1, which has shown that with the pre-
sent of the vacuum relief air release valves, the down surge pressures can be controlled
efficiently.
Summaries of the results of the transient response of the pumping system, together with
the tabulated results of the surge pressures are presented in Figure 1.
The reverse flow starts 1 second after pump stop, hence, the non-return valves used
should be rapid closing types. Shock due to closure of the disc shall be reduced through
the action of a counter weight or similar devices, which retards closure over the last 10
percent of the closing position.
8
700mm,
175m long
Q
o
=500 l/sec.
C =110
New Raw Water
Pump
Max. =+3.5m
Min. =+0.14m
21.15m
Aerator
100-mmdiameter vacuum
relief air inlet valves
with attached 5-mm
diameter air release valve
Maximum Surge Minimum Surge
Pressure m Pressure m
33 -10.0
50 -2.1
No protection
With Air Valves (A/V)
Location and sizes of air valves
Size* Location R.L.
100/5 CH 25m 10.0
Old Raw Water
Pump
600mm,
775m long
Q
o
=383 l/sec.
C =110
350mm,
775m long
Q
o
=117 l/sec.
C =110

Figure 1: - Raw Water Pumping System Schematic Diagram
9
6. Water Hammer effect on High Lift Pumping System
6.1. Steady State
The pumping line consists of mainly 600/500 mm in diameter mild steel pipe, about
17km long to the end reservoir at Ambalangoda. There are two (2) branches along the
pipeline to serve consumers at Batapola and Galagoda. The spilt of flows to respective
reservoirs by mean of hydraulic of the pipe system usually do not provide the desire dis-
tributions, such as the low reservoir will has preferential filling that those at higher eleva-
tion. Therefore, more often than not, inlet valves to the low reservoirs are throttled to help
filling the high reservoirs. Such action will resulted in a reduction in total momentum in
the system. Surge pressures are caused by the sudden change in steady state momentum
in the system, hence any reduction the system momentum will generate less severe surge
pressures. In addition, the intermediate reservoirs of a multiple pumping system will act
as open surge tanks during transient stage and will absorb the surge energy, resulted in
less severe surge pressures. In view of above reasons, the most severe surge pressures are
usually occurred when the system is pumping to single reservoir. Therefore, this study
will analyze the scenario of pumping to single reservoir for sizing of surge protection sys-
tem, and check on the multiple pumping scenarios using the proposed surge protection to
proof its adequacy. The scenarios considered are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Design Scenarios
Total Flow
Batapola Galagoda Ambalangoda (l/sec)
Case A 0.00 0.00 310.00 310.00 2 pumps
Case B 0.00 130.00 0.00 130.00 1 pumps
Case C 133.00 0.00 0.00 133.00 1 pumps
Case D 0.00 56.00 274.00 330.00 2 pumps
Case E 75.00 0.00 260.00 335.00 2 pumps
Remarks
Scenario
Flow Rate, l/sec

A simulation of Case A scenario flow at sudden shut down of the pump without external
surge protection devices has show that down surge pressures of 35m have occurred at
chainage 10,000m on one of the hill. This pressure reduction is transmitted along the
pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pressure wave is reflected, an up surge pres-
sure of 66m is experienced at pump end. The rate of flow decay is dependent on the an-
10
Pressure Envelope
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
1
2
5
6
3
0
0
0
4
7
6
0
6
5
2
0
8
6
0
0
9
8
0
0
1
1
4
3
8
1
2
6
0
0
1
3
9
5
0
1
5
2
0
6
1
6
4
6
3
Distance in m
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
- Vacuumrelief - Air release valve (A/V)
gular momentums of the rotating components of the pump. The higher the angular mo-
mentums will result in slower rate of flow decay, which will help to minimize the down
surge pressure. However, angular momentum is dependent of moment of inertia of pump
impeller, motor and speed of rotation. Therefore, to achieve acceptable surge pressures,
the pump sets need to process heavy moment inertia and operating at high speed. The
present pump set does not process sufficient angular momentum to control the surge pres-
sures; hence surge suppression system is required to contain the surge pressures to within
the acceptable limits. The pressure distant plot with respect to the longitudinal profile of
the pipeline is shown in Graph 2.
The down surge pressures are very low but the up surge pressure is acceptable. An effec-
tive method of improving down surge pressures is by using vacuum relief air release
valves. However, to minimize the numbers of vacuum air valves used, due to long pipe-
line, surge vessel is proposed to be working together with the vacuum air valves to effec-
tively control the surge pressures.
The proposed vacuum air valves shall be located at critical high points along the pipeline
and proposed surge vessel is connected to the pumping main by a 300 mm-diameter pipe
with a 300 mm-diameter non-return valve. To allow water to flow back into the surge
vessel and for controlling the up surge pressure, a 150 pipe without orifice plate is con-
nected as a bypass to the non-return valve.
Graph 2: - High Lift System Surge Pressure Envelopes
With the pump system
having vacuum air valves
and 1.1 m
3
of initial
volume of air is simulated
in the computer. The
failure, water is expelled
from the surge vessel
11
rapidly to fill the vacuum caused by the forwards flow in the pipeline. The rapid filling of
the pipe with water from the surge vessel has increased the down surge pressure from
35m to 0.66m. The maximum up surge remains at 66m at the end of the pump, and the air
inside the surge vessel is expanded to 6.3 m
3
. To avoid the surge vessel being empty
when the expanded air volume reaches 6.3 m
3
, a proposed surge vessel of 8 m
3
will be
adequate. Therefore, the dimension of the proposed surge vessel will be 1.35m in diame-
ter with 5.1m long straight barrel. Both ends of vessel will have 0.35 m high ellipsoidal
disk ends. The results of the simulation are shown in Graph 2.
The proposed surge protection system is tested with the other scenarios, and has found
that this system is adequate in protecting the pumping system from the adverse effect of
surge pressures. Summaries of the results of the transient response of the pumping system
at various scenarios, together with the tabulated results of the surge pressure are pre-
sented in Figure 2.
Because of the size of the surge vessel is too big to use a bladder to contain the air, a
compressed air system is proposed to charge up the air in the vessel, when air is being
dissolved into the water. Therefore during normal operating condition, the water level
inside the surge vessel need to be set between 0.7m (H) to 0.9m (L) from the top of the
surge vessel by the compressed air system. If the initial water levels are not within the
(H) and (L) limits, both the up surge and down surge pressures may drifted out side the
allowable limits.

12
600/500mm,
7.8 km long
Surge Vessel Gross Volume = 8 m
3
Initial Air Expanded Air Max. Surge Min. Surge
Batapola Galagoda Ambalangoda
Volume m
3
Volume m
3
No Protection 0.00 0.00 310.00 - - 66.0 -35.00
With Vessel 0.00 0.00 310.00 1.10 6.30 66.0 0.66
No Protection 0.00 130.00 0.00 - - 96.0 -43.00
With Vessel 0.00 130.00 0.00 1.10 3.40 88.0 1.90
No Protection 133.00 0.00 0.00 - - 76.0 -10.00
With Vessel 133.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 2.70 64.0 6.00
No Protection 0.00 56.00 274.00 - - 82.0 -28.00
With Vessel 0.00 56.00 274.00 1.10 7.00 87.0 -1.30
No Protection 75.00 0.00 260.00 - - 68.0 -24.00
With Vessel 75.00 0.00 260.00 1.10 4.00 85.0 1.50
Case C
Case D
Case E
Flow Rate, l/sec
Case A
Scenario
Case B
300
150 bypass
without orifice
Galagoda
TWL =46
8
TWL =9
Suction tank
300 NRV
Ambalangoda
TWL =31
600mm,
0.6 km long
3550mm,
6 km long
Batapola
TWL =37.2
600/500mm,
9.1 km long
Setting of water levels
h =5.1m
Lower limit 0.9m
=1.35m
0.35m
0.35m
Upper limit 0.7m
100-mmdiameter vacuum
relief air inlet valves
with attached 5-mm
diameter air release valve
Location and sizes of air valves
Size* Location R.L.
100/5 CH 820m 10.0
100/5 CH 3000m 8.0
100/5 CH 5200m 15.0
100/5 CH 7400m 17.0
100/5 CH 10600m 20.0
* Air inlet/outlet orifice size
Air flow rate Pressure
m cum/hr m m
0.3 90
3.0 10.0
Vessel design
pressure
120 120
Compressor
Pressure relief valve
Blow off pressure

Figure 2: High Lift Pumping System Schematic Diagram
13
7. Water Hammer effect on Booster Pump System
7.1. Steady State
The pumping lines consist of mainly 14 km of 300 mm in diameter pipe to Kosgoda and
continue for about 5 km of 250 mm pipe to Bentota. The spilt of flows to respective res-
ervoirs by mean of hydraulic of the pipe system usually do not provide the desire distri-
butions, such as the low reservoir will has preferential filling that those at higher eleva-
tion. Therefore, more often than not, inlet valves to the low reservoirs are throttled to help
filling the high reservoirs. Such action will resulted in a reduction in total momentum in
the system. Surge pressures are caused by the sudden change in steady state momentum
in the system, hence any reduction the system flow rates will generate less severe surge
pressures. In addition, the intermediate reservoirs of a multiple pumping system will act
as open surge tanks during transient stage and will absorb the surge energy, resulted in
less severe surge pressures. In view of above reasons, the most severe surge pressures are
usually occurred when the system is pumping to single reservoir scenario. Therefore, this
study will analyze the scenario of pumping to single reservoir for sizing of surge protec-
tion system, and check on the multiple pumping scenarios using the proposed surge pro-
tection to proof its adequacy. The scenarios considered are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Design Scenarios
Total Flow Remark
Kosgoda Bentota (l/sec)
Case A 72.00 0.00 72.00 2 pumps
Case B 0.00 55.00 55.00 2 pumps
Case C 51.00 87.00 138.00 2 pumps
Scenario
Flow Rate, l/sec

A simulation of Case A scenario flow at sudden shut down of the pump without external
surge protection devices has show that down surge pressures of 12.4m have occurred at
chainage 9,000m at one of the high ground. This pressure reduction is transmitted along
the pipeline at the wave velocity, and when this pressure wave is reflected, an up surge
pressure of 99.7m is experienced at pump end. The rate of flow decay is dependent on the
angular momentums of the rotating components of the pump. The higher the angular
momentums will result in slower rate of flow decay, which will help to minimize the
14
Pressure Envelope
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
1
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
6
0
0
0
7
5
0
0
9
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
3
5
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
Distance in m
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

m
down surge pressure. However, angular momentum is dependent of moment of inertia of
pump impeller, motor and speed of rotation. Therefore, to achieve acceptable surge pres-
sures, the pump sets need to process heavy moment inertia and operating at high speed.
The present pump set does not process sufficient angular momentum to control the surge
pressures; hence surge suppression system is required to contain the surge pressures to
within the acceptable limits. The pressure distant plot with respect to the longitudinal pro-
file of the pipeline is shown in Graph 3.
The down surge pressures are too low but the up surge pressure is acceptable. An effec-
tive method of improving down surge pressures is by using vacuum relief air release
valves. But due to the absent of distinct high points along the pipeline, vacuum air valve
will not be effective and are not proposed.
The proposed surge vessel is connected to the pumping main by a 200 mm-diameter pipe
with a 200 mm-diameter non-return valve. To allow water to flow back into the surge
vessel and for controlling the up surge pressure, a 150 pipe without orifice plate is con-
nected as a bypass to the non-return valve.
Graph 3: - Booster Pump System Surge Pressure Envelopes
With the pump system
having .38 m
3
initial
volume of air is simulated
in the computer. The
failure, water is expelled
from the surge vessel
rapidly to fill the vacuum
caused by the forwards flow in the pipeline. The rapid filling of the pipe with water from
the surge vessel has increased the down surge pressure from 12.4m to 4.3m. The maxi-
mum up surge remains at 99.7m at the end of the pump, and the air inside the surge ves-
sel is expanded to 3 m
3
. To avoid the surge vessel being empty when the expanded air
15
volume reaches 3 m
3
, a proposed surge vessel of 3.5 m
3
will be adequate. Therefore, the
dimension of the proposed surge vessel will be 1.4m in diameter with 1.8m long straight
barrel. Both ends of vessel will have 0.35 m high ellipsoidal disk ends. The results of the
simulation are shown in Graph 3.
The proposed surge protection system is tested against the other scenarios, and has found
that this system is adequate in protecting the pumping system from the adverse effect of
surge pressures. Summaries of the results of the transient response of the pumping sys-
tem, together with the tabulated results of the surge pressure are presented in Figure 3.
The table in Figure 3 has shown that the worst scenario is Case A as expected; with the
biggest expanded air among all the cases at 3.0 cum.
During normal operating condition, the vessel requires 0.38 cum of air in the vessel for
effective control of surge vessel. To prevent the loss of air in time, an air bladder shall be
used to contain the air inside the surge vessel. Summaries of the results of the transient
response of the pumping system, together with the tabulated results of the surge pressure
are presented in Figure 3.

16
250mm,
5 km long
Surge Vessel Gross Volume = 3.5 m
3
Initial Air Expanded Air Max. Surge Min. Surge
Kosgoda Bentota
Volume m
3
Volume m
3
No Protection 72.00 0.00 - - 99.7 -12.40
With Vessel 72.00 0.00 0.38 3.00 99.7 4.30
No Protection 0.00 55.00 - - 110.0 -18.70
With Vessel 0.00 55.00 0.38 2.50 110.0 1.60
No Protection 51.00 87.00 - - 112.0 -7.80
With Vessel 51.00 87.00 0.38 2.40 112.0 1.60
Case C
Flow Rate, l/sec
Case A
Scenario
Case B
200
150 bypass without orifice
Kosgoda
TWL =34.3
31
TWL =31
Suction tank
200 NRV
Bentota
TWL =37.6
300mm,
14.2 km long
250mm,
1 km long
m m
Vessel design
pressure
140 140
Pressure relief valve
Blow off pressure

Figure 3: Booster Pump System Schematic Diagram
17
8. Conclusion
All three (3) pumping systems require different combination of surge protection systems
to effectively control the surge pressures. The raw water pumping system requires only
vacuum relief air release valves while the high lift pumping system requires both surge
vessel and vacuum relief air release valves to control the surge pressures.
The proposed vacuum relief - air release valves, allow air to rush into the pipeline to re-
duce the down surge pressure generated by sudden pumps stoppage. On the other hand,
when pressures in the pipeline have rise above atmospheric pressure, this special air valve
will release the trapped air slowly, whereby prevent rejoining of the already separated
column of water. Normally, the rejoining of the separated column of water will cause an
excitation to the pumping system may resulted in very severe secondary up surge pres-
sures. When this secondary up surge pressures is deflected, very low down surge pres-
sures will occur. The vacuum relief air release valves proposed is 100 mm diameter
vacuum relief with mm diameter air release valve, and its performance graph is shown in
Graph 4.
Graph 4: - Performance Graph for 100mm dia. Inlet & 5mm dia. Outlet Vacuum
Relief and Air Release valve
Performance Graph for Air Valve
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
Air out flow rate in cu.m./min.
D
i
f
f
.

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

b
a
r
s
Performance Graph for Air Valve
-0.70
-0.60
-0.50
-0.40
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
Air in flow rate in cu.m./min.
D
i
f
f
.

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

i
n

b
a
r
s

Bladder surge vessels are proposed for the Booster pump system, where the bladder will
maintain a constant volume of air in the surge vessel. On the other hand, due to the bigger
size of surge vessel is required for high lift pumping system, air compressor and level
electrodes system is proposed to maintain the necessary quantity of air inside the surge
18
vessel. When the water level inside the surge vessel reaches the upper limit (H), the air
compressor will be switch on automatically to push the water level down to the lower
limit (L). When water level inside the surge vessel reaches the lower limit (L), the air
compressor will be cut-out automatically. The control of cut-in and cut-out of the com-
pressor will be by level electrodes installed in the surge vessel. The compressed air sys-
tem shall be isolated from the vessels when the pumps are not running to avoid any
changes to the quantity of air in the vessels. Compressors must be able to operate against
the maximum pumping pressure and is normally sized to top up the air between the upper
limit (H) and lower limit (L) within 30. Design pressure for the surge vessels shall be the
maximum pressure experienced by the pumping system, plus 20% as safety factor. The
pressure relief valve blow off pressure shall be the vessel design pressure. To prevent
slamming of the pumps non-return valves, rapid closing, non-slam type shall be selected.
Shock due to closure of the disc shall be reduced through the action of a dashpot or simi-
lar device, which retards closure over the last 10 percent of the closing position.
Appendix at the end of this report contains the graphical presentations of the transient re-
sponse for the pumping systems.

Water Hammer Report 1

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Water Hammer Report 1

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

WATER SUPPLY GALLE DISTRICT

IMMEDIATE MEASURES IN TSUNAMI

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen