JOHN PHILIP GUEVARRA, petitioner,

vs.
HONORABLE IGNACIO ALMODOVAR, respondent.
Case:
This is a petition for special civil action for certiorari against the Honorable Judge Ignacio
Almodovar of the City Court of Legaspi, Branch 1, Legaspi City
Facts:
John Philip Guevarra, then 11 years old, was playing with his best friend Teodoro Almine,
Jr. and three other children in their backyard in the morning of 29 October 1984. They were
target-shooting a bottle cap (tansan) placed around fifteen (15) to twenty (20) meters away with
an air rifle borrowed from a neighbor. In the course of their game, Teodoro was hit by a pellet on
his left collar bone which caused his unfortunate death.

Issues:
WHETHER AN ELEVEN (11) YEAR OLD BOY COULD BE CHARGED WITH THE
CRIME OF HOMICIDE THRU RECKLESS IMPRUDENCE?
The word "intent" has been defined as
(a) design; a determination to do a certain things; an aim; the purpose of the mind, including
such knowledge as is essential to such intent;. . .; the design resolve, or determination
with which a person acts.
The discernment that constitutes an exception to the exemption from criminal liability of a
minor under fifteen years of age but over nine, who commits an act prohibited by law, is his
mental capacity to understand the difference between right and wrong .

WHETHER THE COURT HAD JURISDICTION OVER THE CASE NOTWITHSTANDING
THE FACT THAT IT DID NOT PASS THRU THE BARANGAY LUPON?
It is contended by the petitioner that the case against him should have first been brought
before the Lupong Tagapayapa pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1508, Section 2(3)



Held:
This petition is hereby DISMISSED for lack of merit and the Temporary Restraining Order
effective 17 September 1986 is LIFTED. Let this case be REMANDED to the lower court for
trial on the merits. No cost.






















THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellant,
vs.
PACITA MADRIGAL-GONZALES, (formerly Pacita M. Warns), ET AL., accused-appellees.

Case:
This is an appeal interposed by the State against the decision of Branch XVIII of the CFI
of Manila, dismissing Criminal Cases Nos. 36894, 36899 & 36904, all entitled "The People of
the Philippines vs. Pacita Madrigal Gonzales, et al.", for falsification of official and public
documents.
Facts:
" On or about August 23, 1956, the herein accused-appellee Pacita Madrigal-Gonzales
was charged with malversation of public funds, in the amount of P104,000.00 before the Court of
First Instance of Manila, said case having been docketed as Criminal Case No. 36877 of said
Court
"That simultaneously on the same date, the same accused-appellee Pacita Madrigal-
Gonzales was charged together with Angelita Centeno, Anita Paggabao, Lourdes Alburo,
Remedios Serrano, Julia Carpio, Calixto Hermosa and Crispula R. Pagaran alias 'Pula', with the
crime of falsification of public documents under 27 separate informations filed before the same
Court of First Instance of Manila.
Issues:
Whether or not the twenty-seven (27) falsifications were the product of only one criminal intent.
Since all the falsifications were supposedly committed within a specific period (from December,
1954 to September, 1955), and that the allegations in the different informations for falsification
are the same, said acts were but the product or result of a singular criminal intent; that no less
than the prosecution in said cases had admitted in a manifestation, that the charges are "related to
similar if not the same transactions and the evidence of the prosecution being in great part the
same for all said charges"; and that the falsifications were committed to conceal the
malversation.
Held:
The Order of the lower court (Branch XVIII) dismissing Criminal Cases Nos. 36894,
36899 and 36904 on the ground of double jeopardy is set aside and another entered remanding
the said case for further proceedings. The Motion for Leave to Withdraw Appeal, presented by
the Solicitor General should be, as it is hereby denied. No special pronouncement as to costs.

THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appelle,
vs.
ADOLFO AGUILAR y HOMBRE, defendant-appellant.

Case;
This is an appeal from the decision of circuit criminal Court of Manila convicting Adolfo
Aguilar of the crime of Robbery with Homicide and imposing upon him among others, the
extreme penalty of death.
Facts:
The scenario starts with the discovery of the dead body of Arturo Lleno. At about 8:00
o'clock in the morning of Sunday, November 30, 1969, the defendant Adolfo Aguilar and
prosecution witness Luis Rosales covered the dead body of Arturo Lleno, lying on his belly on
the second floor in an apartment room then under construction at No. 2244 Leon Guinto Street,
Malate, Manila There were injuries at the back of the head of the deceased. At the left side were
a blood-stained hatchet and a wallet whose contents of photographs and assorted pieces of paper
were scattered on the floor.
Issue:
Whether the defendant could be charged with the crime of robbery with homicide relating to
alleged voluntary confessions of the crime.
Held:
Aside from the evidence of the corpus delicti, no evidence, whatsoever direct or
circumstantial, was presented by the prosecution to corroborate the alleged confession. In sum,
the evidence of the prosecution does not satisfy the quantum of evidence necessary to produce
conviction with moral certainty.
The guilt of the defendant not having been established beyond reasonable doubt, we
reverse the decision of the lower court and hereby acquit the defendant with cost de oficio.