Staphylococc

i
Streptococci/ Enterococci
CATALASE
+ -
Coagulase (+) Coagulase (-)
-
hemolytic
-hemolytic
non-hemolytic
()
Lancefield group D
Black colonies on
bile-esculin agar
Normal GI flora
Gram-
positive
cocci
CoNS
Normal flora on
skin, nares,
vagina
S. epidermidis
Novobiocin
susceptible
S. saprophyticus
Novobiocin
resistant
S. pneumoniae Viridans
streptococci
Streptococcus
pyogenes
Streptococcus
agalactiae
Optochin
susceptible
Bile-soluble
Diplococci
No Lancefield
antigen
Can be part of
normal
pharyngeal
flora Bacitracin
susceptible
PYR (+)
Lancefield
group A
Can be part of
normal
pharyngeal
flora

Optochin
resistant
Bile resistant
Normal oral
flora
S. mitis
important
example
Various
Lancefield
groups
Bacitracin
resistant
PYR (-)
Lancefield
group B

Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Clear colonies
or no growth
on bile-esculin
agar
Anaerobes Facultative anaerobes
Gram positive rods
Spore-
forming
Aerobic
Non spore-forming
Anaerobic Aerobic Anaerobic
Bacillus
Found in soil
and water

Clostridium
Found in soil,
water and in
human GI tract

Filamentous,
branching
Part of
normal oral ,
GI flora
Corynebacterium Listeria Nocardia
Part of normal
skin, vaginal,
pharyngeal flora
Can be club-
shaped or can
take appearance
of Chinese
letters
Catalase (+)

Will grow at low
temperatures (as
low as 4C)
Facultative
intracellular
Distinctive
tumbling motility
in broth
Part of normal
flora (mouth,
vagina, GI)
Range of
oxygen
sensitivities,
but all are
anaerobes
(some
aerotolerant,
some strict)
Catalase (-)
Filamentous,
branching
Found in soil &
water
Partially acid-fast
Lactobacillus Actinomyces
Neisseria sp.
Diplococci
Often associated with PMNs in direct smear
5% CO2, facultative anaerobe
Chocolate or Thayer-Martin agar
Oxidase-positive
Ferment glucose
Some species normal in throat
Gram-negative
cocci
Moraxella sp.
Often diplococcus
Resembles Neisseria
Normal respiratory flora
Acinetobacter sp.
Can be cocci or rods
May resemble Neisseria
Oxidase negative
Normal oropharyngeal flora
Soil/plants
Bordetella sp.
Bordet-Gengou agar
Regan-Lowe agar
7-12 d incubation
NAAT often used
Francisella sp.
Very small, faint staining
Requires cysteine
BCYE or chocolate agars
3 day incubation
Brucella sp.
Small, intracellular
Difficult to detect
Enriched blood agar
3 d or longer incubation
Aerobes
Gram-negative bacilli
Pseudomonas sp.
Oxidase-positive
Actually facultative
but NOT fermentative
Legionella sp.
Thin, can be short or
long
Clinical specimens do
not Gram stain well
Dieterle silver stain
Direct fluorescent
antibody test (DFA)
Obligate aerobe
Requires cysteine,
iron
BCYE agar
3-5 day incubation

Curved and
Spiral rods
Campylobacter sp.
Can have gull wing
appearance
Oxidase-positive
Microaerophilic
Grow at 42C
Vibrio sp.
Comma shaped rods
Oxidase-positive
Likes alkaline
environment
Helicobacter sp.
Oxidase positive
Urease-positive
Microaerophilic

Straight rods
Coccobacilli/
pleomorphs
Oxidase (-)
Lactose-
fermenting
Non-lactose
fermenting
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Often highly mucoid
Non-motile

Non-H2S -
producing
H2S -
producing
Proteus
Swarming motility
Urease-positive
Salmonella
Motile

Shigella
Non-motile
Yersinia
Bipolar staining
(Safety-pin)
Urease-positive
Haemophilus
Coccobacilli
Facultative anaerobe
Can grow as long filaments
Requires factor X (heme) and
factor V (NAD)
Chocolate agar
Pasturella
Coccobacilli
Can display bi-polar staining
(safety pin)
Facultative anaerobe
Blood or chocolate
Anaerobes
Bacteroides
Pleomorphic
Stain poorly
Easy to grow
Normal GI, oral flora
Prevotella
Very small
Slow growing, fastidious
Normal oral flora
Porphyromonas
Very small
Slow growing, fastidious
Normal (?) oral flora


Facultative
anaerobes
Oxidase (+)
Enterobacteriaceae
Ferment glucose
Normal GI flora
Multiple tests required to
get down to genus
(indole, citrate, MR-VP,
lysine decarboxylase,
motility, urease, H2S)
Serratia can be lac(+/-),
produces red pigment
Organisms that do not Gram-
stain
Spirochetes
Obligate
Intracellular
Mycobacteria
Treponema
Has never been
cultured
Borrelia
Leptospira
Long, flexible
spirals
Endoflagella
Gram-negative
cell wall
In vivo, may survive
outside host cells
but cannot grow
Cannot culture on
semi-solid media
Chlamydia,
Chlamydophila
Cannot make their
own ATP
Gram-negative-like
Rickettsia
Gram-negative
Ehrlichia
Gram-negative
Anaplasma
Gram-negative
Coxiella
Gram-negative
Axenic culture now
possible

Mycoplasma
Small rods
Cell wall contains
waxy mycolic acids
Resistant to drying,
chemical agents,
germicides
Slow growing
Lack a cell wall
Pleomorphic
Sensitive to
environmental
conditions
Hard to grow
in laboratory
Fried-egg
colonies
Staphylococcus
aureus
Normal flora
on skin, in
nares
Colonies often
yellow
Salt tolerant
Produces acid
from mannitol