1

PLANT DIVERSITY

1. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.

(a) Noctituca is colourless & does not have chloroplast and it has' holozoic
mode of nutrition But yet it is placed in dinoflageltates.
(b) What is the reason that some dinoltagallates(e.g.Noctituca and
Pyrosystis) show "Bioluminescence"?
(c) Dinoftagellates are called rnesokaryote, why?
(d) Why, diatoms are used as a "heat insulator"?
(e) Why Oscitlatoria can survive in hot water streams?

2. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.
(a) How we can consider that green algae are similar to higher plant?
(b) Why Sargassurn, Laminar etc algae having brown colour?
(c) Which type of algae form coral reefs and why?
(d) Why Thallophytes do not have embryo?
(e) Why bread becomes soft & spongy, when yeast cells are added in wheat
dough?

3. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.
(a) "Noctituca is the protist of pyrrophyta division and the zygotic meiosis
present fin the organism of pyrophyta division but absent in Noctiluca"
write the reason of above statement.
(b) Why diatoms are not ,destroyed as quickly as other algae?
(c) In the basis of classification floral character are comparatively more used
than vegetative character Why?
(d) Why diatoms soil used for insulation of boilers and vapour pipes?
(e) Why the good yield of rice is obtained without using nitrogenous fertilizer
for many years?

4. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.
(a) Why the pteriduphyte are more adaptive terrestrial plant as compare to
Bryophytes?
(b) What is the reason that Bryophytes, prefer to grow in moist and shady
places?
(c) Why the life cycle of Gymnosperm is diplontic?
(d) If the space between inner cell wall and cell membrane has been
blocked in gram negative bacteria. What effect will be observed?
(e) Why the Linnaeus's classification system also known as sexual system?

5. Write the complete name of the following :
CAPRI, CDRI, CIMAP IARI ICBN
ICZN, ICVN ICNCP NBRI FRI

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6. Answer the following questions in one word.
(a) Write the name of that brown algae which is the source of iodine.
(b) Witte the name of that portist which is known as the connecting link
between animals andplants and having holophytic and saprophytic mode
of nutrition.
(c) Write the name of that fungi, which is also known as Baker's yeast.
(d) Write down the name of fungi, which is also known as weed of
laboratory.
(e) Which fungi is responsible for "powdery mildew of pea"?
(f) Write the name of that green algae which lives on tea plant as a parasite
and produce "recrust rust" diseases on it.
(g) Write down the name of saprophytic moss plant.
(h) Write down the name of the smallest Pteridophyte plant.
(i) Write down the name of aquatic pteridophyte plant in which secondary
growth will be find in stem.
(j) Write down the name of Gymnosperm plant which is also known as
"maiden hair tree"
7. Answer the following questions in one word.
(a) Which type of life cycle is found in Bryophytes?
(b) The scientific name in, which generic name and scientific name both are
similar are known as?
(c) The species, which are morphologically similar but reproductively
isolated are known as?
(d) "All the members that can interbreed among themselves and can
produce fertile off spring are the member of same species." The given
definition is according to which scientist?
(e) Write down the name, of the scientist who classify the plants.,on the
basis of vascular tissue in non-vascular and vascular group.
(f) A group of genus which shows the general structural similarities in floral
organs from one another is known as?
(g) A person who studied about the origin, evolution, variations and
classification of plants is known as?
(h) Write the name of that symbiotic relationship which is present between
the roots of seed plants and fungi.
(i) In an aquatic environment microscopic animals and plants are
collectively known as
(j) A motile, flagellated asexual cell is known as








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8. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn I Coloumn - II
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)


Alage
Fungi
Angiosperm
Pteridophyte
Gymnosperm
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(Viii)
(ix)
(x)
Chlamydomonas
Oedogonium
Rosa inica
Adiantum
Rhizopus
Gnetum
Equisetum
Equisetum
Solanum tuberosum
Diplococcus pneumoneae

9. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn I Coloumn - II
(A)
(B)
(c)
(D)
(E)


Gelidium
Sphagnum
Azolla
Mycoplasma
Zamia
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(Viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)
Pear moss.
Agar . agar
Pteridophyte
Polymorphism
Red algae
Aquatic ferm
Floridian starch
Aster yellow disease
Smallest gymnosperm plant
Prokaryte
Bacterio chlorophyll
Saxitoxin

10. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn I Coloumn - II
(A)

(B)
(c)
(D)
Pedology

Microbiology
Spermology
Phenology
(i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Study of seasonal variations in plant
Communities
Study of trees and shrubs.
Study of control of genetic disease
Study of seeds

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(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
(J)


Dendrology
Euphenics
Teratology
Actinobiology
Silviculture
Virology


(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(Viii)
(ix)
(x)
Study of abnormalities in embryo
Study of virues
Study of structure and composition of soil
Study of forest cultivation
Study of mircrobes
Study of effect of radiations n living being

11. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn I Coloumn - II
(A)
(B)
(c)
(D)
(E)


Theophrastus
J. Huxley
Carolus Linnaeus
Lamarack
Charles Darwin
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(Viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)
New systematic
Systematics
Father of Botany
Systema nature
Father of Taxnomy
Dynamic concept of species
Origin of species
Flora indica
Theory of natural selection
Causes of plant
Trinomial system
Father of Bryology



12. Correct the mistakes in the given praragraphs
(a) The structure of blue-green algae is similar to Gram positive eubactera.
Its cell wall is also bilayered. Outer wall is made up of lipoic acid' and
inner wall is made up of cellulose. The call membrane of BGA is made
up to chitin,The cytoplasm of BGA is divided in to two parts. The
peripheral cytoplasm is known as cytoplasm and central cytoplasm is
known as centioptasm.
(b) Some blue green algae can perform nitrogen fixation. They convert
atmospheric oxygen in a nitrogenous compounds like amino acid. A
special type of cell is found for niotroqen fixation in the blue green algae
which is known as cyst.This special type of cell contains rthozvme
enzyme for nitrogen fixation. For the synthesis of this enzyme there is a
special type present in this special cell which is known as Huf gene. Blue

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green algae per form nitrogen fixation both saprophytically and
asymbiotically.


13. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph.
Cell wall of prokaryotes is made up to peptidoglycan. It's structure has two
parts. (i) lipids (ii) amino acids. But exceptionally cell wall of Acetobacter
xylem um is made up of protein. Those prokaryotes which are inter-cellular
lack cell wall. Cell membrane of prokaryotes is made up of lipoprotein Th.
space between cell wall and cell membrane known as periplastidial space .
This space is analogus to golgihody bacillus in this space digestion of simple
substance is done.
Prokaryotes also lack the true chromosome. Instead of it a false chromosom
is present, which is made up of as circular naked DNA. small amount of RNA
and histone protein.
In prokaryotes cell wall invaginates which results in formation of a kind of
structure, called as microsome. It structurally similar to mitochondria.

14. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph.
On the basis of vascular tissue Oswald Tippo classified the plant kingdom in
two sub kingdom. Thallophyta and Embryophyta. Oswald Tippo classified the
sub kingdom Thallophyta in ten divisions Cyanophyta. Euglenophyta
Rhodophyta, Thallophyta, Pyrrophyta Phaeophyta Phaeophyta,
Shizornycophyta, Myxotnycophyta and Rhizomycophyta. On the basis of
embryo sub kingdom bryophyte classified in two divisons Atraeheata and
Tracheophyta. Division Atracheala classified in three classes Hepaticopsida,
Psilopsida and Bryopsida. Class Hepaticopsida include Hornworts and class
biyopsida includes liverworts. Division Thallophyta classified in four classes
Pteropsida. Anthocerupsida, Sphenopsida and Pteiopsida. Class biyopsida
includes Ferns and Pteropsida includes Psilinum. Gymnosperm and-
Angiosperm
15. In the following lines write the suitable word in place of underlined
words.
(a) Members of some species inhabiting similar environment and having
some genetic variations ate known as Ecotype.
(b) Those species bound in similar geographical regions are known as
synchronic species.
(c) The dynamic species was proposed by Linnaeus According to this
Concept species is always
(d) Typological concept of species was proposed by Aristotle and Robert.
(e) Those species. which are found in different geographical regions and
have geopgraphical barrier between them are known as sympatric
species.
(f) Plants growing in a particular area known as fauna.

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(g) If any scientist. writes the flora of a particular area then he used Ratignal
classification.
(h) The classification of any plants or animals in written in ascending order.
(i) All the humans in this world can inter breeding among themselves. so all
the humans are the members of many biological species.
(j) Genus is the smallest taxonomic category and basic unit of
classification.
.16. In the given paragraph fill in the blanks with appropriate words

The cell wall of diatoms is made up of(I). in which silica
pat ices are embedded in at many places. Due to which the cell wall appears
to be made up of silica. This silicate cell wall is called -shell'
or.(2).
Then cell wall is made up of two halves. which are arranged like the lids of a
soap box. These half parts are collectively known as ........(3)..
In this part which is resent on the upper side acts as lid and, the known as
(4)..and the other basal part is known as
..(5) ..
The place where there two parts over lops each other is called
(6).In the cytoplasm of
diatom..(7)and a ..(8).. nucleus
is present, Then cells have choroplast, in which chlorophyll a. chlorophyll c
and .(9)..pigments are present . In this storage
food is (10)and fats(oil)

17. In the given paragraph fill in the blanks

The main plant in bryophyte is ..(1)Sex organs
are.(2).. and jacketed in bryophytes. Male sex
organs are called as.. (3)and female sex organs
are called as(4)..The male gametes of
bryophytes are motile. These motile male gametes are called
as..(5)
In bryophytes, fertilization is done by(6)..As a result
of fertilization a dipoid.(7).is formed.
In bryophytes structure formed after the fertilization is developed by
.(8)..divisions
During development I
st
& II
st
division are .(9)But
second division is right angle to the first divisions which results. In formation of
a 4- celled embryo. Now the third divsion in 4-celled embryo is
.(10) which results in formation of 8-celled embryo.

18. Fill in the blanks by selecting the words given below :-


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[Hint Rhizoid, Key, Basidiocarp, Hasidim, Taxon,Heirarchy, Allochronic
species, synchronic species, Gymnosperm, Herbarium, museum, Azolla,
Chiorella, Sort. monocotyledon, monocotyledon]
(a) The are root like structures which help in anchorage
and absorption of water in the bryophytes.
(b) The phanerogams are seed bearing plants and are divided into
and angiosperm.
(c) A scheme for identification of plants and animals is known as a..
(d) The fruiting body containing basidium is a multicellular structure called
.
(e) Descending arrangment of taxonomic categories is known as.
(f) Those species found in different time periods are known as..
(g) The collection or depository of dried plant specimen is known as
(h) If.. is grown with rice, than the production increases up to 50%
(i) The yellow or brown spots which have sporangia in fern are
called
(j) Trimerous condition of floral whorls is characteristic of .

19. Fill in the blanks :-
(a) When the determination of species is based on interbreeding then it is
called as .
(b) Similarities and dissimilarities in structures of protein help to know the
of living being.
(c) Bacterial cell wall can be dissolved by.enzyme.
(d) Proteins present in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria are called

(e) Cells,carrying 'Col' factor secrete the ..which have an
antibiotic effect on other microbes.
(f) Endospore is highly resistant structure due to presence
of.in its wall.
(g) The process of water conduction is bryophytes take place with the help
of
(h) Blue green algae is surrounded by a mucllagenous sheath. This sheath
is made up to .
(i) The cytoplasm of prokaryotes lack membrane bound cell organdies but
exceptkmally in blue green algae two membrane bound structure are
present. (i) Gas vacuole (ii)..
(j) According to two kingdom system blue-green algae was included in
class of algae.

20. Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions.
Do you believe in fairlies? whether do or not, you must believe in 'fairy rings'
for they are being seen very often in meadows. There you would find a ring of
grass much brighter and richer and after a wet day in summer you may see a
ring of toadstools too. If you were to dig up a toadstool you would fin, I a mass

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of fine white threads. The toadstool is a fungus and these threads constitute
the chief part of the plant.
There is no green part, so the toadstools cannot make food as green plants
do. It consists of rounded cap, smooth and white above but hearing a large
number of brown gills below. The spores grow like a fine powder on the sides
of the gills.
(a) The mushroom is
(i) A plant consisting of fine green threads
(ii) An edible fungus
(iii) A flowering plant
(iv) A bryophyte devoid of root, stem and leaf.

(b) Reproduction in fairy rings occurs by means of
(i) Seeds (ii) Spores (iii) Flowers (iv) All of these

(c) The toadstools and mushrooms usually appear.
(i) In the water logged soil
(ii) During winter season
(iii) In summer after rains
(v) In autumn

(d) The brown gills of mushrooms
(i) Have no function to perform
(ii) Are meant for its respiration
(iii) Help the plants to float in water after heavy rains
(iv)Bear spores which help in reproduction

(e) Toadstools cannot manufacture their own food because
(i) They do not have roots
(ii) They do not have Ieaves
(iii) They do not have chlorophyll
(iv) They do not hoed food thou growth

21. (a) Identify the given diagrams (A to E)
(b) Label any one structure in each diagram from (1 to 10)



9















22.

10



(a) In the above graphical representation write down suitable term for A, B,
C. D, E & F
(b) Which type of life cycle pattern found in Pteridium?
(c) Which type of antherozoids are formed in mature male reproductive
organ of Pteridium?
(d) How many snore mother cells are formed in sporangium of Pteridium?
(e) Which one of the following character is related with structure 'B'?
Dioecious/vascular/Nonvascuiar/branched.

23. Answer the following questions in one word
(a) processes or finger like structures develops at the base of holdfast in
Ulthrix are known as
(b) Particles responsible for storage of starch in Ulothrix are known as.
(c) In favourable conditions, in Ulotlirix asexual reproduction takes place
by.
(d) If a total 52 cells are present in a Ulotlirix filament. How many of them
can produce zoospores or aplanospores ?
(e) How many phalli (filaments) are produced from the germination of a
zygosporu of Ulothrix ?
(f) Rusting zygosporu of Ulothrix forms a rhizoid like structure. this stage
called as?
(g) Diploid, quadriflagellated structure Is formed when fusing gametes first
unite by their anterior ends and later on they get fused completely. This
structure is known as
(h) What will produce if Ulotlirix is removed from water & placed in dry
soil?
(i) Write the name of one lithophyte species of Ulotlirix.

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(j) In Ulotlirix, protoplasm of cell shrinks & collects in centre and secretes
thick wall around itself . These walled are called .


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(a) Identify the given diagram (1 to 5)
(b) Write down shape of chloroplast which is found in (2), (3), (4) and (5).
(c) Which type of conjugation mostly found in (5)?

25. (a) Identify the above diagram.
(b) Region 'A' is separated by region B. by two
rings the lower is 'a' and upper is b Write
down name of (a) & (b)
(c) Write the name of conducting part of region
'B'.
(d) Write down major function of structure 'X'.
(e) Label structure X, Y,Z.
(f) Write the name of region 'C in which
stomata are present.
(g) Outermost layer of region B' is called as
















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ANSWER

1. (a) Because Noctiluca has two flagella and plated cell wall is also present
in it.
(b) Because in some dinotlogellai protoplasm have photogenic
granule.These granule up of luciferin protein. Energy is released by the
oxidation of lucilerin.This energy is liberated in the form of light during
night. So they show bioluminescence.
(c) Because histon protein is absent in its chromosome, due to this reason
dinotlogellai arc called mesokaryotes.
(d) Because the wall of diatom is had conductor of heat and it is made up
of silica.
(e) Oscillatorla can survive in hot water streams, due to the presence of
homopolar bonds in proteins and having complex cell wall.

2. (a) On the basis of following points we can consider that green algae
similar to higher plant
(i) Pigment (chlorophyll a'. chlorophyll 'b' and Carotenoids)
(ii) Stored food (Starch)
(iii) Cell wall (made up of cellulose and pectin)
(b) The amount of fucoxanthin (brown coloured pigment) is more in brown
algae, due to which these algae are brown in colour.
(c) Red algae. Because some red algae secret calcium carbonate and
deposite on their walls thus these algae forms coral reefs.
(d) Because in thallophytes sexual reproduction takes place through
zygotic meiosis, due this reason embryo is absent in thallophytes.
(e) Because in the fermentation process O2is produced by which bread
becomes soft and spongy.

3. (a) Because diploid nucleus in present in Noctiluca.
(b) Because silica is present in diatoms cell well.
(c) Because floral character are more conservative than vegetative
character.
(d) Because the well of Diatoms in made up of silica and it is bad
conductor of heat.
(e) Because nitrogen fixing blue green algae are found in paddy fields.

4. (a) Because vascular tissue and roots are present in Pteridophytes.
(b) Bryophytes prefer to grow in moist and shady places because their
male gametes (antherozontes) are motile so, it needed water for
fertilization.

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(c) Gametophyte of Gymnosperm is reduced and short lived so that
saprophytic generations is dominant in gymnosperms, due to this
reason life cycle is diplomatic.
(d) The complex substances will not be digested.
(e) Because he classified plants on the basis of reproductive organs
(stamen and style)

5. CAPRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute
CDR1 Cental Drug Research Institute
CIMAP Central 'Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Lints
IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute
ICBN . International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
ICZN International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
ICON International Code of Viral Nomenclature up,
ICNCP International Code of Nomenclature for Culttivated Plants
NBRI National Botanical Research Institute
FRIG Forest Research Institute

6. (a) Laminaria (b) Euglena
(c) Saccharoniyces cereuisiae (d) Aspergillus niger
(e) Erysiphe polygon' (I) Cephalcuros
(g) Buxbamia (h) Azolia
(i) Isoetes (J) Ginkgo bilobu

7. (a) Haplo-diplonlic (b) Tautonyrns
(c) Sibling or cryptic species (d) Mayor
(e) A. P. de. Candolle (f) Family
(g) Classical taxonomist (h) Mycon him
(i) Plankton (j) Zoospore

8. (A) i ii (B) v (C) iii, x (D) iv. viii, ix
(E) vi. Vii

9. (A) ii, v, vii (B) i (C) iii, vi (D) iv, viii, x (E) ix

10. (A) vii (B) ix (C) iv (D) I (E) ii
(F) iii (G) v (H) x (I) viii (j) vi

11. (A) iii, x (B) 'i, xi (C) ii, iv, v (D) vi (E) vii,ix

12. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct
1. Gram Positive Gram negative
2. Lipoic acid lipo-polysaccharide
2. cellulose peptidoylycan/murine/mucolreptidc

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3. chitin lipoprotein (lipid + protein)
4. hyaloplasm chronmoplasn


(b) Line No. Incorrect Correct
1. oxygen Nit Nitrogen
3. cyst hetcrocvsi
3. ribozyme nitrogenous
5. Huf NIF
6. saprophytically Symbiotically

13. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct.
1. lipids Polysaccharide
2. protein Cellulose
3. inter-cellular intracellular
4. peril plastidial Peripiasmic space
5. golgi body Lysosome
5. simple Complex
7. histone non-histone/poly amines
8. cell wall Cell membrane / plasma membrane
9. microsome Mesosorne.
9. Structurally Funtionally

14. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct
1 vascular tissue embryo
3. Zoodiophyta Chlorophyta
4. Rhizomycophyta Eumycophyta
4. embryo vascular tissue
6. Psitopside Anthoceropsida
7. Hoar nworts Liver worts
7. Liver worts Mosses
8. Anthoceropsida Lycopsida
8. Ferns Psilotum
9. Psiloturn Fern

15. (a) Biotype (b) Symputric (c) Lamarck
(d) Plato (e) Allopatric (1) Flora
(g) Empirical (h) Descending (i) One biological species
(I) Species

16. (1) Cellulose (2) Frusta Ile (3) Theca
(4) Epitheca (5) Hypotheca (6) Girdle
(7) Vacuole (8) Diploid (9) Xanthophytls (fucoxanthins)
(10) Leucosisn (chrysolamlnarian)


15


17. (1) Gametophyte/Haploid (2) inter-cellular (3) Ant Antheridia
(4) Archegoniurn (5) Antherozoites (6) Zoodioamy
(7)Zygote (8)Mistosis/Mitotic division
(9)Vertical/longitudinal (10) Transverse

18. (a) Rhizoides (b) Gymnosperm (c) Key
(d) Basidiocarp (e) Hierarchy (f) Allochronic species
(g) Herbarium - (h) Apollo (i) Son
(j) monocotyledon

19. (a) Biological species (b) Phylogenetic relationship
(c) Lysozyme (d) Porins
(e) Colicins (f) Ca-dipicolinate
(g) Parenchyma (h) Mucopolysaccharide / Pectic acid
(i) Ihylakoids (j) Cyanophyceac or mophyceae

20. (a) (ii) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv) (e) (iii)

21 (a) (A) - L.S. of strobilus/spike/cone of Selaginella
(B) - Dehiscence of sporangium of 0Pteridium/Sprongium of
Pteridium or Fern
(C)- L. S. of male cone of Pinus
(D)- External morphology of Pteridium/Fern
(E)- External morphology of Equisetum
(b) (1) Legume
(2) Microsporangium
(3) Spore
(4) Annulus cells
(5) Cone axix/central axis
(6)Microsporophylls/Apophysis of microsporophyll
(7) Raiment
(8) Rhizome
(9) Tuber
(10) Strobilus/Cone
22. (a) A Meiosis BProthallus/Gametophytic plant
CArchegonium DAntheridium
E4igote/oospore F Embryo
(b) Diplo hapiontic
(c) Spirally coiled and muitiflagellated
(d) 12 to 16
(e) Non vascular

23. (a) Heptera (b) Pyrenoids
(c) By zoospores formation (d) 51 only

16

(e) 4-16 (f) Codiolum
(g) Synkaryon (zygote) (h) Akines
(i) Ulothrix implexa (j) Hypnospore

24. (a) (1) Volvo Colony/Voluox
(2) Chlorelki (Unicellular nontnotile algae)
(3) Chlamydomonas (Unicellular motile algae)
(4) Ulothrix filament
(5) Spirogyra filament
(b) (2) Parietal
(3) Cup shaped
(4) Girdle shaped/Horse shoe shaped/collar shaped
(5) Spiral/Ribbon shaped
(c) Scalariform/Ladder like conjugation

25. (a) V.S./L.S. of Funaria capsule
(b) a - Rim/Diaphragm b Annulus
(c) Columella
(d) Dispersal of spores
(e) X - Seta region or seta. Y - Spore mother cell Z Trabeculac
(f) Apophyseal region/Apophysis
(g) Epidermis