PERTAMA INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering


Student
Number
(UEL)

U




Matric Number

Module Name
CE 2206
HYDRAULICS
Type of
coursework
/Reference no.
CE2206-
ASSIGNMENT(FINAL)
Title of the
coursework

Experiments in open channel laboratory

Students
Declaration
I certify that this assignment is my own work and where materials have been used from other
resources, they have been properly acknowledged. I also understand that I will face all the
possibility of failing unit if the contents of this assignment are plagiarized.

Signed : ____________________ Date : __________________
Tick as appropriate Marks obtained

Year
One
Year
Two
Year
Three


Date Handout 07/06/2014 Date Due 9/07/2014
Date Received
Students work assessed and
returned/date

Assessors
comments/
Feedback.











Students
comments





Name and
Signature of
Assessor
Mdm. Hemavathi
Name and
Signature of
Internal Verifier
Dr.Deepak
Date

Date

LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
Coursework Policies

1. All coursework submitted must include
a. a copy of the full brief given by the module leader (with the signed coversheet)
b. all source material must be cited in the text and a full bibliography of source material (including author, title,
publisher and date) listed at the end of the submission

2. All work must be submitted in the mode instructed by the module leader.

. !ork submitted under the student"s name must only be the work of that student. All information sources must be
acknowledged. #lagiarism is a serious offence and will render offenders liable to disciplinary action as set out in the $ole%
&niversiti 'inton (and parent university) rules and regulation.

(. )tudents MUST keep a copy of all submitted work for reference purposes prior to the original being handed in and returned.
*his will provide proof that the work was completed, in the event that the work goes astray.

(. +oursework received after the submission deadline without an authorised time extension will be marked if submitted within
two weeks of the initial deadline. ,owever, the mark awarded will be the minimum ((-.). !here the /uality of work is below
a pass level (i.e. (-.), a mark of -01. will be awarded as appropriate.

2. !henever a candidate submits work after two weeks without an authorised extension, a mark of 3ero (-.) will be awarded.
4xaminers may comment on the /uality of the work for learning purposes.

5. 6e/uests for extensions of submission deadlines must be made in writing prior to the submission deadline to the module
leaders and must be supported by documentary evidence.


Level 2
70%+
First Class
Tightly argued presentation and critical analysis. Identifies and discusses relevant
moral and ethical issues. Excellent relationship of recent research to practice.
Evidence of independent thought on contemporary issues, Comprehensive and
wide-ranging knowledge base of relevant theory.,
60- 69%
Second Class
Upper
Balanced arguments and presentation. Accurate application of relevant theory to
practice issues. Evidence of ability to critically evaluate information.
50-59%
Second Class
Lower
Evidence of ability to apply knowledge to new situations. Sound analysis of
current theory and issues.
40-49%
Third Class
References and bibliography accurately cited. Relevant theory utilised. Evidence
of analysis of practice and ethical issues. Coherently structured and presented
piece of work.
Below
40%
Fails to meet the criteria and requirements of the assignment / exam. Limited
evidence of reading and underpinning knowledge. Limited analysis of evidence.
Misconceptions and basis errors of underpinning theory.
LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND GRADING SHEET
(25% OUT OF THE TOTAL WEIGHTING)


(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
No. Breakdown of assessment criteria
Weight
(%)
Range of achievement
()
Marks
!warded
(%)
Weighted
Marks
(") # (d)
$st
%nd
U
%nd
&
'rd
1 Introduction 5


2 Apparatus and procedure. 10


3 Readings and calculations. 25


4 Comparison and discussion of results. 20


5 Diagrams and graphs. 10


6 Comments on health and safety 10

7 Conclusions. 15

8 References 5


TOTAL 100%




$ey to marking ranges7
1
st
+lass 8-9
2
nd
+lass (&pper) 5- 0 51
2
nd
+lass ('ower) 2- 0 21
*hird +lass (- : (1











LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering



ASSIGNMENT BRIEF: 1
Hydraulics
Lab Assessment
Title of Assignment:
Laboratory works in Flow through the Open channel.

Learning Outcomes/Assessment Criteria:
7. Use quantitative and computational methods to analyze hydraulics from laboratory and
design examples
8. Solve practical and design based problems in hydraulics
9. Communicate knowledge and facts; interpret findings and recommendations in the
form of drawings and written reports.
10. Describe basic health and safety issues

Advice on Sources of Information:
Core
Chadwick, A., Morfett, J. and Borthwick, M. (2004) Hydraulics in civil and environmental
engineering. 4th edn. London: E & FN Spon Press.
Hamill, L. (2011) Understanding hydraulics. 3
rd
edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Marriott, M. (2009) Nalluri & Featherstones civil engineering hydraulics. 5
th
edn. Oxford:
Wiley-Blackwell.
Recommended
Al Naib, S. K. (1997) Fluid mechanics, hydraulics & environmental engineering.
London: University of East London.
Al Naib, S. K., (1998) Experimental fluid mechanics and hydraulic modelling. London:
University of East London.





LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
Introduction:
The aim of the laboratory session is to gain an understanding of Weirs, Hydraulic Jump,
head loss and the Venturi flume, and to record and analyse laboratory results. Prepare a
report on your groups results of weirs, venturi flume and hydraulic jump from the
laboratory work. Your individual report is to be word processed.
Aim:
1) To determine the coefficient of discharge for weirs.
2) To determine the coefficient of discharge for a Venturi flume.
3) To compare and discuss of the hydraulic jump and sluice gate.
4) Comments on health and safety.

Apparatus:
Hydraulics Work Bench, Weirs, Venturi flume, and Sluice gate apparatus.

EXPERIMENTS


Open channel lab: 2.5 m Teaching Flume, Channel width, B = 0.079m


1. To determine the coefficient of discharge for a weirs.

Broad crested weir :


Run no. Q (m
3
/s) B(m) H(m) H
3/2
(m) C
d

1
2
3
4
5

Average =
Formula:


2
3
705 . 1 H B C Q
d
=
Where
Q = Water flow rate.
C
d
= Coefficient of discharge.
B = Channel width = 0.079m
H = Height of water level above crest.
LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering



Sharp crested weir:


Run no. Q (m
3
/s) B(m) H(m) H
3/2
(m) C
d

1
2
3
4
5


Average =

Formula:


2
3
2
3
2
H g B C Q
d
=
Where

Q = Water flow rate.
C
d
= Coefficient of discharge.
B = Channel width.
H = Height of water level above crest.


Crump weir:


Run no. Q (m
3
/s) B(m) H(m) H
3/2
(m) C
d

1
2
3
4
5

Average =
Formula:


2
3
705 . 1 H B C Q
d
=
Where

Q = Water flow rate.
C
d
= Coefficient of discharge.
B = Channel width.
H = Height of water level above crest.
LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering


Over shot weir :

Run no. Q (m
3
/s) B(m) H(m) H
3/2
(m) C
d

1
2
3
4
5

Formula:

2
3
2
3
2
H g B C Q
d
=
Where

Q = Water flow rate.
C
d
= Coefficient of discharge.
B = Channel width.
H = Height of water level above crest.

2) To determine the coefficient of discharge for a Venturi flume

Venturi flume: Standing wave condition, Z = 0, b = 0.03 m , slope = 0%

Run no Q(m
3
/s) h (m) h
1
(m) bh
1
(m
2
) V
th
(m/s) E (m) C
d

1
2
3
4
5

Formula:

( )
2 / 3
705 . 1 E b
Q
C
d
=

Where

( ) ( )
h h
g V Z h E
th
65 . 0
2 /
1
2
1
=
+ =

Q = Water flow rate.

C
d
= Coefficient of discharge.

Graphs:

Water depth against Rate of flow

LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
3) To compare and discuss of the hydraulic jump and sluice gate.

Description Rate of
flow
Q(m
3
/s)
Water
Depth Y
(m)
Distance
along
channel X
(m)
Area
A (m
2
)
Velocity V
(m/s)
Velocity
Head(m)
Specific
Energy, E
(m)
Froude
Number
Fr





















Where

Cross sectional area, A = width of flume x Depth of water(Y)

Velocity, V = Flow rate / Area

Velocity Head = V
2
/2g

Energy line = Y + V
2
/2g

Froude Number =
gY
V

Discharge per unit width, q =Q / width of the flume

Critical Depth =
3 / 1
2

g
q


Critical Energy = depth Critical *
2
3


Graphs:

Water Depth and Specific Energy against Distance along Hydraulic Flume

Water Depth against Energy Line

LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
Note:

Make sure that your calculations and results include the following:

Diagram of the appearance of the hydraulic jump, and comparison to published
information for the calculated value of the upstream Froude number.
Calculation of the length of the jump, as a multiple of the height, and comparison
with published information.
Graph showing the water surface and computed total energy head lines along the
length of the apparatus, with a discussion of the results.

Laboratory Work Report:

The laboratory report should follow the sequence:

1) Assignment brief.
2) Title page.
3) Contents page.
4) Aim.
5) Apparatus.
6) Procedure.
7) Observations.
8) Calculations.
9) Graphs.
10) Results.
11) Discussion.
12) Conclusions.
13) Appendix.
14) References.






LINTON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
B.Eng(Hons) in Civil Engineering
The laboratory report should be submitted in the following format:

1. The final laboratory work should be submitted as a single report.
2. A format requirement of the report is FONTS: Arial, size 12, text justify, 1.5
spacing. Major title should be in size 14 with bold. Subtitle should be in size 12 with
bold.
3. Margins should follow the following specification: 40mm left margin, 20mm top,
bottom & right margin.











Note:

This is entirely an individual work and so no report should be the same with the other.
Copying, if found in any aspects will be treated seriously leading to failing the component.
Direct print out from internet will be rejected.
All experiments in the report should be properly discussed, concluded and compared in the
single report to get first class.
Mark depends not only upon results but also on level of understanding and the quality of
report.
Late submission is not allowed on any reason under any circumstances.
Lab reports, without brief will be rejected and no second chance will be given for attach it.