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Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.

4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
IEEE 802.4: Token Bus
The name of IEEE 802.4 standard is Token Bus
Bus topology is used to share a single transmission media by many stations.
Token:
The station having a control frame or token is permitted to transmit information.
ther stations listen the media.
ne station holds token! so collisions do not occur.
802.4 standard is called as token bus.
Each station is connected to the bus.
"igure belo# sho#s a token bus
Working of token bus:-
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Co axial cable
Station in the
Logical ring
Station not in the
logical ring
Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
$ll the station connected to the media #ill be able to receive the frames #hich is
transmitted.
Each frame is #ith destination address.
nly the destination receives the frame.
$ll the remaining station ignore it.
The %$& sub layer protocol has methods for including and deleting stations in a logical
ring.
1. Physica ayer of the Token bus:-
2. !"# sub ayer $rotoco:-
%. IEEE 802.4 Token Bus &ra'e &or'at:-
4. !aintaining the ring:-
1. Physica ayer of the Token bus:-
'( 0hm coa)ial cable is used.
It is used as physical layer of the token bus.
The modulation schemes used are
o *hase continuous fre+uency shift keying.
o *hase coherent fre+uency shift keying
o The multilevel duo binary amplitude,modulated phase shift keying.
-peeds ranges
o .%bps
o (%bps
o .0%bps
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Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
2. !"# sub ayer $rotoco:-
/ata comes to the %$& sub layer from higher order layers.
It checks the data for errors and sends them to stations.
Token bus uses station #ith four types of priority!
o *riority 0
o *riority 2
o *riority 4
o *riority 0
*riority 0 is the lo#est
*riority 0 is the highest
%$& sub layer passes data to station #ith priority 0
If that station completes transmissions! as soon as time allotted is over! it passes the token
to the ne)t higher priority station.
This process repeats until the lo#est priority substation completes transmission or its
timer e)pires.
%. IEEE 802.4 Token Bus &ra'e &or'at:-
o Prea'be 1
$ one byte used to synchroni2e the receiver3s clock.
o (tart of fra'e ) En* of fra'e-
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Prea
mble
Start
Frame
Frame
control
Destina
tion
Addr
Source
Addr
End of
Frame
Frame Chec !nfo
field
Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
used to mark the boundaries.
o &ra'e contro-
4sed to identify the data frames from the control frames.
It ackno#ledges correct or incorrect receipt of the frame.
It is also used to specify the frame type.
o +estination a**ress ) source a**ress:
4sed for identification of the source and destination
o Info fie*:
used to send data.
%a)imum length is
8.82bytes #hen the address is 2 bytes.
81,4 bytes #hen 0 byte address is used.
o #heck su':
4sed for error detection.
4. !aintaining the ring:-
#ontro fra'e:
It used for controlling and maintaining the logical ring.
-ome important ring maintaining activities are
$dding a ne# station
5eaving the logical ring
6ing initiali2ation
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Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
"ailure of a successor station
"ailure of multiple successor
"ailure of token holder
%ultiple token
"**ing a ne- station:
It adds a ne# station to the logical ring.
The station having token sends a special control frame called 7 solicit 1 successor8 frame.
This frame contains the address of the sending station and its successor.
4sing this a ne# station can be added to the ring.
.ea/ing the ogica ring:-
$ station can leave the ring by sending successor address to its predecessor.
It asks to set this as its successor.
-pecial control frame 7set successor8 is used.
0ing initiai1ation:-
$s soon as first station is initiated! it checks the channel! by sending a special control
frame called 7claim, token8.
o If there is no response! it generates a ne# token.
o -o a ne# logical ring #ith one station is created.
&aiure of successor station:-
$ station after transmission #atch their successor after passing the token to them
If nothing takes place! until sometime it retransmits the token.
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Study Material Computer Networks IEEE802.4 Token Bus
repared By Mrs. !. Neema !e" Bo#eena
Session II
If again no response! the successor station is disconnected.
9e# control frame 7set, successor8 is sent to the successor of the failed station.
&aiure of 'uti$e successor:-
If the successor of its successor also failed special control frame called 7solicit successor
,28 is send.
It checks for the availability of the other stations on the net#ork.
That station is set as the successor and the net#ork is then established.
&aiure of token ho*er:-
The token holder may fail.
Each station has timer.
They #ait until the time e)pires and transmits a 7claim token8 frame! and the
net#ork is reestablished.
!uti$e token:-
If token holder finds the transmission of frames from some other station! it
discards the token.
The above process is repeated until only one token is present in the net#ork.
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