REPORT ON

BIRD FLU IN BANGLADESH: GENERAL AWARENESS LEVEL OF THE PEOPLE AND

IMPACT ON CONSUMPTION ON POULTRY PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Dumki, Patuakhali

SUBMITTED TO

1
 M. Kazi Tamim Rahman
Lecturer
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology
Faculty of Business Administration and Management

SUBMITTED BY

Group: 05 (liberty)
Level: 03; Semester: 01
Faculty of Business Administration and Management

01 Md. Mofizer Rahaman Member 12 00671

02 Dipayan Chakma Member 17 00676
03 K.M. Assaduzzaman Member 06 00665
04 Tanjia Sultana Member 10 00669
05 Azmery Khanam Member 20 00679
06 Shofiq Uddin Khan Member 23 00682

Research Methodology
Course code: AES-314

Date of Submission: 22 April, 2008

Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Dumki, Patuakhali

2
BIRD FLU IN BANGLADESH: GENERAL AWARENESS LEVEL OF
THE PEOPLE AND IMPACT ON CONSUMPTION ON POULTRY
PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

Table of contents-

3
Chapter 1: Introduction 01-06
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 01
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY 01-
02
1.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 03
1.4 INTRODUCTION OF BIRD FLU 03-
06

Chapter 2: Review of literature 07

Chapter 3: Methodology of the study 08
Chapter 4: Awareness level and precautionary measures 09-16
4.1 Awareness level 09-10
4.1.1TIME DURATION OF RECOGNIZING BIRD FLU 09
4.1.2 WHERE HAVE BEEN HEARD 09
4.1.3 HOW IT EFFECT ON HUMAN BODY 09-
10
4.2Precautionary measures 11-13
4.2.1HAND WASH
11
4.2.2 WASH OF POULTRY PRODUCT 11
4.2.3 USING MUSK AND GLOVES 11
4.2.4 AVOID TAKING
11-12
4.3 Process of cooking 13-14
4.3.1 BOILED MORE
13
4.3.2 AVOID TAKING HALF-BOILED 13-
14
4.4 Awareness about by product, temperature etc. 15-16
4.4.1ATTITUDE WITH BY PRODUCT 15
4.4.2 SYMPTOMS IN HUMAN BEINGS 15
4.4.3 MINIMUM TEMPERATURE 15
4.4.4 AWARENESS BY GOVERNMENT 15
Chapter 5: Impact on consumption 17-21
5.1 CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION 17
5.2 CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR
18-20
5.2.1 CONSUMER ATTITUDE
18

4
 5.2.2 DISCONTINUE TAKING
18
5.2.3 TAKING POULTRY MEANS BIRD FLU 18
5.2.4 CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION LEVEL 18
\\
5.3 CONSUMPTION CHANGE IN OTHER PRODUCT 20-21

Table of contents (continue)-

Chapter-06 22-26
6.1SUMMARY
22-23
6.2 CONCLUSION
23
6.3 RECOMMENDATION
24-25
6.4 REFERENCE
26

5
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Birds Flu in Bangladesh is not new. It hampers the total national income, the
GDP, in employment, and also to the overall economy of the country. So it is
very much important. Under these circumstances, we have identified some
objectives of the study. The objectives are as follows-
• To identify the importance of the poultry sector in our overall
economic condition.
• To identify the importance of poultry sector in employment and
investment condition.
• To know about the current situation of poultry industry after the out
break of bird flu.
• To identify the present condition in different region.
• To identify the present condition of the poultry firm.
• To gather some knowledge about bird flu.
• To identify the general awareness level of peoples in different regions
( such as division, district, upzilla, union)
• To identify the level of consumption of the consumers of different
regions.
• To identify the problems in consumption of poultry products.

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

IMPORTANCE ON EMPLOYMENT

6
Bangladesh is a third world country. Our per capita income is about to $450.
The overall economic condition of our country is not good. For this reason
one of the great problem we face in our country that unemployment. About
40% of educated young people are suffering from unemployment problem.
To solve the unemployment problem it is needed to increase the job
opportunity or to increase the self-employment scope. Bangladesh don’t
have enough resource to increase the employment opportunity. Therefore,
the second alternative is to increase the scope of self-employment. In our
country, different private bank (such as BRAC bank) and Bangladesh
government directed Jubo Unnoyon Adidoptor helps the needy people for
self-employment. For that, they give loan at a lowest interest rate, training
for better performance and gives advice what they can do, and what should
they do. Different private bank and government bank gives loan at the
purpose of small scale and middle scale business. In that, category poultry
business also included. Still it is a profitable business. In addition, it is easy
to operate a small-scale poultry business. For the reason a huge portion of
people involved in poultry sector and enlarges, their investment opportunity
as well as unemployment condition of our country reduces. About 5 million
Bangladeshis are directly or indirectly associated with poultry farming.

IMPORTANCE OF POULTRY SECTOR IN INVESTMENT

From the decade of ninety to today almost 15 thousand crore taka is invested
in this sector. These are mainly happened for the self-employment of the
educated unemployed person. To establish as his own in a quick time it is
great path for every one. 1 kg broiler hen produce cost is 81-83 taka but it
can be sell about 120-125 taka. So from 1kg hen almost 39-42 taka profit can
be earned within 2 month. For that reason, there are more than 100,000 small
poultry farms in Bangladesh, producing $400 million worth of chickens and
$300 million worth of eggs every year. Bangladesh has about 220 million
chickens and 37 million ducks. Five million people are directly employed by
the poultry industry; millions of households rely on poultry production for
income generation and nutrition. Officials say, “There are around 150,000
poultry farms in Bangladesh, with an annual turnover of $750 million.”

CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT OF BIRD FLU

The first officially announced bird flu outbreak in Bangladesh occurred in

February 2007. Bird flu has been confirmed in at least 45 of Bangladesh's 64
districts and to check the spread of the virus, the Bangladesh government has
raised compensation for poultry farmers to encourage them to report and kill
sick birds as part of efforts to stamp out the outbreak. Nearly 600,000 birds
have been culled across the country against the virus since March 2007, but
it continues to spread and now covers nearly two-thirds of the country. No

7
cases of human infection have been reported. Bangladesh recently tightened
controls along its porous border with India, with authorities ordering
officials to block all imports of poultry and eggs from that country.
Bangladeshi government also has decided to ban import of chicks from four
European countries — Turkey, Greece, Romania and Russia — where bird
flu has broken out recently. Movement of chickens has been banned outside
a 10 sq km (3.9 sq miles) area around the affected farms, officials said.
Bangladesh's poultry industry has counted a loss of more than 41 billion taka
(about 586 million U.S. dollars) in the last one year due to the outbreak of
avian influenza or bird flu.

1.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• There was limitation of time. Due to shortage of time, the study could
not include a large number of consumers. Again to get satisfactory and
reliable data sufficient time was needed. But the data were collected
and analyzed within very short time.
• The data which have been collected may not be free from error.
• Necessary data were collected from a limited area covering small
numbers of samples. Result obtained from 48 samples may be
inadequate.

1.4 INTRODUCTION OF BIRD FLU

HISTORY

Bird flu is nothing new or uncommon. It first pandemically occurred in 1918

immediately after World War I and killed more than 40 million people. The
later outbreaks were in 1957 and 1968. All of the attacks from bird flu killed
about 100 million people around the world. Though this is not actually a
human disease but its scourge of killing 10 crore people in only 87 years is a
fearful matter.

ABOUT BIRD FLU

What is bird flu?

What is avian influenza?

8
 • Avian influenza, or “bird flu”, is a contagious disease of animals
caused by type A (H5N1) strains of the influenza virus that
normally infects only birds and less commonly, pigs. The disease,
first identified in Italy more than 100 years ago, occurs
worldwide.

• Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but

usually do not get sick from them. However, bird flu is very
contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds,
including chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick and kill them.

• It spreads very rapidly through poultry flocks, causes disease

affecting multiple internal organs, and has a mortality that can
approach 100%, often within 48 hours.

• Migratory wildfowl, notably wild ducks, are natural carriers of

the viruses, but are unlikely to actually develop an infection.
• Domestic birds are particularly susceptible in epidemics.

How are avian, pandemic, and seasonal flu different?

Avian flu is caused by avian influenza viruses, which occur naturally among
birds. Pandemic flu is flu that causes a global outbreak, or pandemic, of
serious illness that spreads easily from person to person. Currently there is
no pandemic flu. Seasonal flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by
influenza viruses.
[[

Do bird flu viruses infect humans?

Bird flu viruses do not usually infect humans, but several cases of human
infection with bird flu viruses have occurred since December 2003.

How does bird flu spread?

Infected birds shed flu virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.
Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with
contaminated excretions or surfaces that are contaminated with excretions. It
is believed that most cases of bird flu infection in humans have resulted from
contact with infected poultry or contaminated surfaces. The spread of avian
influenza viruses from one ill person to another has been reported very
rarely, and transmission has not been observed to continue beyond one
person.

How do humans catch bird flu?

9
Humans catch the disease through close contact with live infected birds.
Birds excrete the virus in their faeces, which dry and become pulverized, and
are then inhaled.

Do migratory birds spread highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses?

Recent events make it likely that some migratory birds are now directly
spreading the H5N1 virus in its highly pathogenic form. Further spread to
new areas is expected.

What are the symptoms of bird flu in humans?

Symptoms of bird flu in humans have ranged from typical flu-like symptoms
(fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches) to eye infections, pneumonia,
severe respiratory diseases (such as acute respiratory distress), and other
severe and life-threatening complications. The symptoms of bird flu may
depend on which virus caused the infection.

Is there a vaccine to protect humans from H5N1 virus?

There currently is no commercially available vaccine to protect humans

against the H5N1 virus that is being seen in Asia and Europe. However,
vaccine development efforts are taking place. Research studies to test a
vaccine to protect humans against H5N1 virus began in April 2005, and a
series of clinical trials is underway.

Is it safe to eat poultry and poultry products?

Yes, though certain precautions should be followed in countries currently
experiencing outbreaks. In areas free of the disease, poultry and poultry
products can be prepared and consumed as usual, with no fear of acquiring
infection with the H5N1 virus. In areas experiencing outbreaks, poultry and
poultry products can also be safely consumed provided these items are
properly cooked and properly handled during food preparation. The H5N1
virus is sensitive to heat. Normal temperatures used for cooking (70oC in all
parts of the food) will kill the virus. Consumers need to be sure that all parts
of the poultry are fully cooked and that eggs, too, are properly cooked.

How serious is the current pandemic risk?

The risk of pandemic influenza is serious. With the H5N1 virus now firmly
entrenched in large parts of Asia, the risk that more human cases will occur
will persist. Each additional human case gives the virus an opportunity to
improve its transmissibility in humans, and thus develop into a pandemic

10
strain. The recent spread of the virus to poultry and wild birds in new areas
further broadens opportunities for human cases to occur. While neither the
timing nor the severity of the next pandemic can be predicted, the probability
[

that a pandemic will occur has increased.

Is there any treatment of Bird Flu?

There currently is no vaccine to protect Avian Influenza, but discover a drug
named ‘Tamiflu’ in limited amount, which is very costly and not easily
available. But the drug is highly effective to protect the disease.

What should be taken?

• In each and every winter season, different type of migratory birds

visit in some lacks, Beel in Bangladesh mainly from Siberia and
China. But it observed cautiously, our countries domestic poultry
or poultry in farm no comes in contact with them.

• Strictly forbid to hunting migratory birds by any means.

• If a bird died in any place, burn/grave in the earth very cautiously
without delay.

• Watching it to prohibited hunting, purchasing-selling migratory

bird in market or any other places. And also avoid this type of
work by us.

• Should be Avoid to touching of infected poultry or contaminated

surface.

• Wearing mask, washing hands, if possible bathing should be done

after look after poultry.

• To keep safe distance poultry farm from migratory birds.

• To prohibit importing poultry, even pet birds from bird flu

infected country.

11
 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature is very much important in any type of research report. It

shows the past researched analysis. The past researched analysis helps the
newer one to compare with the current situation.
“Bird flu in Bangladesh: General awareness level of the people and impact
on consumption on poultry products.” There are some fewer reports around
us.
In 1995: A.T.M Rezaul Haque, Assistant Professor, Department of Agro
economics and rural sociology, faculty of agriculture, Hazi Mohammad
Danesh Science and technology University-Dinajpur, has conducted a
research about bird flu.
In 1998: M Juel Ahmed, project director, Aso Nije Kori, Dinajpur,
conducted a research on the consumer preference on the broiler.

12
In 2000: M Sultan Ahmed, assistant manager,TMSS, Bogura, also conducted
a research on the effect of bird flu in Bangladesh.
In 2002: M Nuruddin Ahmed, research officer, Rural Development Program,
Bhola, conducted a research on about bird flu.

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY of the Study

Importance of methodology in conducting any research can hardly be over

emphasized. Improper methodology very often leads to erroneous result. So
methodology in any systematic study deserves careful consideration.

3.1 SELECTION OF SAMPLE

In a complete survey, the required in formation is collected from each and

every element of the population. But it become costly and time consuming.
So it is necessary to select samples. The sample should be representative.
Otherwise the purpose of preparing the report will be invalid. We consider
different regions of Barisal division to select samples.

3.2 SAMPLE TYPE

Sample type is also important for preparing a good report. Our sample type
is region base such as in division, in district, in upzilla and in union level.

3.3 SAMPLE AREA

13
The area of taking sample is also played an important role to make any kind
of report. Our report is mainly based on the Barisal division. In terms of
taking sample and collecting data we don’t consider the other regions or
divisions or districts.

3.4 DATA COLLECTION

Collection of accurate and reliable data and other necessary information

from the field level is not an easy work. It must be done in a reliable, proper
and systematic way. we have collected the data from the personal contact
with the people in the field with the help of questionnaire.
The secondary data are collected from internet, newspaper, and so on.

3.5 TIME OF THE STUDY

This repot is made for the partial fulfillment of our course Research
Methodology. We have started to prepared this report at the end of our
semester. So we don’t have sufficient time to prepare it.

Chapter 4: AWARENESS LEVEL AND PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

4.1AWARENESS LEVEL
4.1.1TIME DURATION OF RECOGNIZING BIRD FLU
To determine the awareness level of the consumers it is very much important
to determine the time duration that is whenever they have heard about the
bird flu. In our survey, we have used 48 samples in different regions. We
take this sample in a disproportional way. From the tabulation we have come
to know that the people from different region are very much similar about
heard the name of the bird flu. In Upzilla and in Union the people who have
heard the name of bird flu is very lower than that of division or district
region.

4.1.2 WHERE HAVE BEEN HEARD

In this modern era people for different region are habituated with television
activity. The use of radio and the hearing of radio is decreasing. Educated
peoples read newspapers, and magazines. They use it as a source of
knowledge. But the people who live in unions are deprived from this facility.

14
They have to depend on the people who live in district or division. They get
the news from any tea stall, any hat or from any bazaar.

4.1.3 HOW IT EFFECT ON HUMAN BODY

Birds flu what kind of diseases it is or how it affect on human body is an
important for the determination of the awareness level of different region. It
can be affected the human body by having broiler and with the close contact
of affected birds. From our survey we have found that a great number of
percentage of people don’t know about the bird flu how it affects on human
body. The people of division and district are some where aware about this
matter. But there is great number of people in Upzilla and union who do not
know about this affect.
We can show the level of awareness of different region such as division,
district, upzilla and union through the use of table, bar diagram, pie chart,
flow chart and so on. But first we have to make the percentage of awareness
of different region from the tabulated data which we have gathered from our
field survey.

The table is accompanied with different region and answers of several

questions to construct that one.

Table no:1
All figures in percentage
Name Time duration of How it effect on
of the recognizing bird Where have been heard human body
region flu
( figures in month)
01- 04 07 12 T. Ra Ne Ma othe Havi By Don
03 - - + V dio wsp gazi rs ng close ’t
06 12 aper ne broile conta kno
r ct w
Divisio 50 12. - 37 75 - 37.5 12.5 12.5 50 37.5 25
n 5 .5
District 25 37. - 37 62 12. 37.5 - 12.5 37.5 45.5 17
5 .5 .5 5
Upzilla 71.4 23. - 4. 38 19. 47.6 - 19.0 9.52 47.62 42.8
4 8 76 .1 05 2 5 6
Union 72.7 9.1 9. 9. 63 9.1 18.2 - 18.2 9.1 45.5 27.3
1 1 .6
4

15
 80
70
60
50 Division
40 District
30 Upzilla
20 Union

10
0
001-003 004-006 007-012 12+

Figure: 1 shows the percentage of awareness level in different region in

terms of hearing about bird flu

4.2Precautionary measures

“Prevention is better than cure.” But to prevent any thing it is must to be

awarded in full. Other wise it is not possible to prevent any thing in any
sector.

4.2.1HAND WASH
We know that bird flu can be affected to the human body by the close
contact and with the handling of bird flu affected poultry. It can affect the
woman and the children by not to wash their hand properly. According to
our survey we found that a good number of people are aware of this thing.
More than 90% or about to 100% people of district and division people are
aware to wash their hand properly after handling the poultry. The percentage
in upzilla and union is also in good position.

4.2.2 WASH OF POULTRY PRODUCT

To avoid the birds flu in affecting the human body it is very much important
to wash the poultry product properly. From our survey we have come to
know that in general sense people wash the poultry meat properly but incase
of egg they are not aware enough to wash it properly. Though, we have

16
found a better number of percentage in washing the poultry products, it is not
their awareness but the general washing activity with any kind of food.

4.2.3 USING MUSK AND GLOVES

Using mask is important to free from the bird flu affection. Because, human
can affected by bird flu virus through nostril and mouth. Mask will prevent
us from the virus. But the number of using mask is very and very lower in
different region. Only a few percentage of people in division is used mask.
Where no percent of people in district, upzilla and union use mask. From our
survey we have come to know that not in every firm but in the few firms the
workers use the mask. So it is very much absurd that people use musk in
their home. As like mask people do not use the hand gloves when they
handle with the poultry product.

4.2.4 AVOID TAKING

Bird flu is a treat to our poultry industry. A great number of consumers avoid
taking poultry product for bird flu. We observed that the people who live in
the district and the divisional level know about bird flu and take broiler but
in a decrease percentage. But the people of union and upzilla, their condition
is not good. Some people who know about bird flu have stopped consuming
it. And the people who are consuming it are not following the proper way of
having it. But the people of division and district level, some people are
avoiding taking the broiler and some people are taking the broiler by
following some procedure.

The information regarding hand wash, wash of poultry product, using musk
and gloves, avoid taking are given bellow through table 2.

Table 2 : Precautionary measures

All figures in percentage

Name Hand wash Wash of Using musk Avoid to take

of the poultry product and gloves
region Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Division 97.5 2.5 85 15 12.5 87.5 37.5 62.5

District 100 0 87.5 12.5 0 100 37.5 62.5

Upzilla 90.4 9.52 66.67 33.33 - 90.48 45.5 54.5
8
Union 81.1 18.18 63.64 36.36 0 100 60 40
1
17
 100

80

60
yes
40 no

20

0
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 2 shows the percentage of awareness level in different region in

terms wash the poultry product

70
60
50 ye s

40
no
30
20
10
0
Division District Upz illa Union
Figure: 3 shows the percentage of awareness level in different region in
terms avoid to take.

4.3 Process of cooking

4.3.1 BOILED MORE

18
This is also a general phenomena that people boiled the poultry meat
properly. So in division, district, upzilla and union the major number of
people boiled the poultry meat properly. They have told us that it is very
general to boiled any kind of food. So not by the awareness they boil the
products properly.

4.3.2 AVOID TAKING HALF-BOILED

There are some precautionary measures in terms of bird flu. Avoid taking
half-boiled eggs is one of them. The virus of bird flu die or inactive after
boiling full. But taking the half-boiled egg and meat is not free from the
virus. That is why there is probability of affecting the human being by taking
broiler if they are not fully boiled. Peoples in different region mainly in
divisional and district level people are somewhere aware not to take half-
boiled egg and meat. But the situation in Upzilla and union is not same.
Some people avoid taking the meat and the eggs of the broiler. The
percentage of avoiding half-boiled eggs and meat are not sufficient enough.
It shows the lower awareness of the people of upazilla and union.

We can construct a table by the information we have collected in terms of

process of cooking. This is given bellow—

Table no 3: Process of cooking

All figures in percentage
Boiled more Wash clearly Avoid taking half-
Name of boiled
the
region Yes No Yes No Yes No

Division
100 00 75 25 55.5 44.5

District
100 00 100 00 55.5 44.5

Upzilla
95.24 4.76 85.71 14.29 27.36 72.64

Union 81.81 -- 63.63 18.18 18.18 63.63

Division
District
Upzilla
Union
19
 Division
District
Upzilla
Union

Showing yes
Showing no

Figure: 4 shows the percentage of awareness level in different region in

terms avoid to taking half-boiled

4.4 Awareness about by product, temperature, etc.

4.4.1ATTITUDE WITH BY PRODUCT

Birds flu can be spread through the country by their by product. We saw in
the television and read the newspaper that people through the by product
here and there. It seems the lower awareness of the people. In our survey we
also observed that may be in division or in district or even in union they
don’t think of buried or fired the by product. Generally, they throw it to the
drain or dustbin. That is why bird’s flu is spreading in alarming way in
Bangladesh.

4.4.2 SYMPTOMS IN HUMAN BEINGS

People are in dilution of the symptom of the bird flu. Different people give
different opinion regarding the symptom. It is true that no one have the
actual information and the current situation.

4.4.3 MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

Most of the people generally know that 100 centigrade is optimum
temperature for boiling any food. But the people don’t know 100 centigrade
kill or inactive the bird flu virus. But the answer it frequently that they use
100 centigrade temperature for boiling meat and egg of broiler.

20
4.4.4 AWARENESS BY GOVERNMENT
To stop the spreading condition of bird flu virus government has some
responsibility to aware the people. Government has a large hand to do any
short of work. Government can use television, radio, newspaper, and so on to
increase the awareness of the people. It is tuff for any other organizations
and NGO ‘s to create the general awareness level. But government and
NGO’s along can’t do this. They have to help each other and work
simultaneously.

With the help of this information, we can construct a table and the table is
given bellow—
Table no: 4
All figures in percentage

Name Attitude with by Symptoms in Minimum Awareness by

of the product human beings temperature government
regio Thro Thr Buri Do Fev Infl 70 10 Don Publici Promot
n w ow ed n’t er uen 0 ’t ty ional
dust drai kno za kno activity
bin n w w
Divisi 30 30 40 25 50 25 12. 70. 17 37.5 62.5
on 5 5

Distri 37.5 37.5 25 0 100 0 - 10 - 50 50

ct 0

Upzill 23.8 62.2 14 14. 71. 14. 4.7 57. 38.1 28.57 33.33
a 28 4 32 6 14

Union 27.2 63.6 9 18. 54. 27. 9 63. 27.2 63.63 36.37
7 3 18 54 28 63 7

21
 70
60
50
40 Throw dustbin
30 Throw drain
Buried
20
10
0
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 5 shows the percentage of awareness level in different region in

terms attitude with by product.

Chapter 5: IMPACT ON CONSUMPTION

5.1 CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION

From our survey, we saw that a great number of people change their habit
towards broiler. It affect on their food list. Here each and every region the
consumption of broiler after bird flu is changing in alarming way. For the
impact of changing the food behavior and decrease the consumption of
broiler about 60% poultry firms has been shut down. From our survey, we
gather information of egg, broiler, duck, pigeon and indigenous chicken etc.
and we found that in every sector there is changing consumption. Though,
full boiled egg and meat is free from 100% anxiety but people are not fully
aware and try to avoid broiler. This is not only bad for the poultry sector but
also for the overall country economy.

Table: 5
All figures in percentage
Name of Egg Broiler Duck Pigeon Indigenous
the region (decrease) (decrease) (decrease) (decrease) chicken
(decrease)
Division 17 32 33.33 33.33 18.8
District 11.57 17.44 12.5 23
Upzilla 18.23 25.96 26.08 46.15 36.11
Union 9.2 10.81 23.33 66.67 66.67

22
 70

60

50
Egg
40 Broiler
30 Duck
Pigeon
20
Indigenous chicken
10

0
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 6 shows the percentage of consumption level in different region

in terms change in consumption (decrease).

5.2 Consumers behavior

5.2.1 CONSUMER ATTITUDE

Consumers are the blood of any business. If any business looses its
consumers than there is nothing rest for the business. Every time consumers
should be taken in the highest consideration. For bird flu, a number of
consumers reject the broiler and a large number or the whole consumers
decrease their consumption. According to our survey, in different region
people response defiantly. We have observed that in district level the
percentage of rejection is low, as well as in union level the percentage of
rejection is very high. Side by side in every region, the consumption level
decrease with a significant level. This also shows that may be in division or
in district or may be in the Upzilla and union level people try to avoid
broiler.

5.2.2 DISCONTINUE TAKING

For the outbreak of bird flu, it is very simple to discontinue taking the
broiler. In divisional level the percentage of discontinue is lower than any
other region as like Upzilla and union. That is why we can say that the
consumer of division are more conscious than the others.

5.2.3 TAKING POULTRY MEANS BIRD FLU

23
The people of union and Upzilla don’t know well about the bird flu. They
think that taking poultry means bird flu. But in divisional or district level
though consumption decrease but the major portion of people think that
taking broiler is not the cause for bird flu.

5.2.4 CHANGE IN CONSUMPTION LEVEL

The people who are in the divisional area most of them think that birds flu
make a mild change in our consumption. Others think that there is alarming
change in consumption. In district level it is very much similar with the
divisional level. But in union or Upzilla level people are not aware of this.
Some of them don’t know about the change in consumption level. A greater
percentage think that this change are alarming. So from the table we can say
that the percentage change in consumption of broiler in district and division
level is in a mild change position and the opposite position is occurred in
Upzilla and union level.

From the information we have collected can construct the table 2 which is
given below.

Table: 6
All figures in percentage
Nam Consumer attitude Disconti Taking Change in consumption
e of nue poultry level
the taking means
regio bird flu
n Rej Decreas No Yes N Yes N No Mild Alar Don
ect e impa o o cha chang ming ’t
broi consum ct nge e kno
ler ption w
Divis 15 85 0 65 35 25 75 0 62.5 37.5 0
ion

Distri 20 80 0 80 20 30 70 0 55 45 0
ct

Upzil 45.5 54.5 4.8 95. 4. 95.2 4. 0 38.5 56.7 4.8

la 2 8 8

24
Unio 56.4 43.6 18.1 91 9 100 0 0 35 65 0
n 8

100%

80%

60% no impact
decrease
40%
reject
20%

0%
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 7 shows the percentage of consumption level in different region

in terms of consumer attitude.

70
60
50
no change
40
mild change
30 alarming
20 don't know
10
0
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 8 shows the percentage of consumption level in different region

in terms of change in consumption level.

5.3 Consumption change in other product

Due to bird flu there is recognized change in consumption level of other

product. Incase of the division the percentage change in cattle meat, fish,
milk and others have a lower percentage than that of union and upzilla. For
this reason, the other product price in different sub-urban area is increasing
relatively than that of division or district level.

25
We can constract a table according to this information.
Table 7:
All figures in percentage
Name Cattle meat Fish Milk others
of the (Increase) (Increase) (Increase) (Increase)
region

Division 28.13 28.13 13.51 0

District 24.24 18.75 15.91 60

Upzilla 40.85 30.88 12.87 16

Union 30.92 32.67 20 15.79

60

50

40
cattle meat
30 fish
milk
20
others
10

0
Division District Upzilla Union

Figure: 9 shows the percentage of consumption level in different region

in terms of change in consumption change in other product (increase).

26
 Chapter-06

6.1SUMMARY

It is not a past history, just before few days or few month ago birds flu
caused a serious damage in Bangladesh. Thousands of poultry products have
been destroyed due to bird flu. But it consequences in different region was
not same. For bird flu marketing of broiler product was in a treating
condition. We can’t see the broiler meat in different restaurant and hotels. In
our country in different region the poultry firms is constructed here and
there. They not very big. In our country, generally we found the poultry
firms consist of 200-500 hens. Here the ventilation facility, the wastes
facility and the hygienic facility is not sufficient so that it is very much easy
to affect bird flu to any poultry firm’s. Bird flu virus is very serious, it spread
very easily. So in every step we should be very careful to protect the bird flu.
That is why we must be aware of this matter and think about our poultry
industry to not to let it tern in to destruction. The first precautionary measure
to prevent the bird flu is to create or to increase the general awareness of the
people. But it is matter of sorrow that in our country in different region the
percentage of aware people is very low. The people generally heard the
name of the bird flu may be from the television or radio or news paper or in
other way. But they don’t have clear idea about it. Any short of steps taken
by any individual person is very rare. People of different region don’t have
enough knowledge for the precautionary measure of bird flu. There in a
dilution that what should they do. In terms of eating the people of different
region also don’t have enough knowledge to how to cook the bird flu

27
affected poultry. This situation is very much similar in different region.
Divisions are big town. A large number of people live there. They have
better facility in respect of union and upazilla. Under this circumstances, the
people of division and district a little bit conscious as compare to upazilla
and union. The major portion of people in different region don’t know the
symptom of bird flu infected poultry. So they can’t take any measures or
steps to prevent bird flu. Side by side bird flu has a greater impact on our
consumption level. Many people in different region has rejected the poultry
meat and egg. Without some exceptional cases the percentage of
consumption of poultry has seriously been affected. Due to this, the price of
other collateral products such as cattle meat, fish, milk and vegetable have
also been increased. The price of broiler is lower than that of cattle meat and
others. In every region may be in a division, or in a district, or may be in
upazilla and union the consumption of poultry has been decrease in
alarming rate. This rate of decrease is high in upazilla and in union. Due to
some general knowledge and some general awareness program by the local
authority the people of division and district are some how in a good position.
But the overall position is not well enough. The people of union or upazilla
reject the broiler other than decrease in consumption. It should be include
that here we use the Barisal district as a divisional town, Patuakhali district
as a district town, Dumki,Bauphal,Dosmina,Bakergong etc. as like upzilla
town and different unions of these upzilla as union regions.

6.2 CONCLUSION

Over the last decade, the consumption of poultry products in Bangladesh has
grown by 5.8 percent per annum, faster than that of human population
growth, and has created a great increase in demand. But bird flu has stopped
the growth of poultry industry and consumption of poultry product in a
alarming rate. About 60% of poultry industry has been stopped due to this
phenomenon. We should be very much aware about bird flu. To increase our
awareness government should take proper and earlier stage. The NGO’s of
our country should come to help the government to take necessary steps
regarding awareness of bird flu regarding the country. Government is the
major authority of any country. With the help of newspaper, television,
radio, government should give advertisement. The people of sub-urban
region face the scarcity of the information. Due to lack of information, they
are in a dilution what they do in any kind of abnormal situation. They just
hear news from here and there. So it is must to provide right information to

28
the people who are in the remote area. More than 70% people of our total
population live in the village. That is why the large and greatest market is in
the sub-urban area. If we want to protect our poultry industry or want to
ensure the increase that we have achieved before, it is must to make our
village people aware of bird flu. If any one is not aware of bird flu than he
can spread bird flu and he can reject bird flu, which we have observed in our
study.

6.3 RECOMMENDATION

The impact of bird flu in our overall economy makes a serious damage.
Through this the GDP, national income, personal income, and the
employment opportunity of our country has been decreased. In divisional, in
district, and in upazilla and union level it strikes a serious consequences.
That is why
1. We have to increase the awareness level of the people.

2. Awareness level is very much related with educational qualification.

The educated people are aware enough than that of illiterate people.
3. Generally, the village people are less educated than the urban region
people. So government should take proper steps to educate the village
people.
4. Not only the remote area people but also the urban area people are in a
dilution of current situation of poultry industry and the bird flu. This is
not good. It is the right of the people and duty of the government to
disclose all types of information about the bird flu to every class of
people in every region.
5. People of divisional or district town has greater opportunity of having
any information from television or in other ways. But the village
people has less opportunity of having information by such way. So

29
 government should take such kind of steps which must include the
village people for their information.
6. Postering, rally, discussion program should be arranged not only in
urban area but also in village area.
7. Seminar, symposium, conference, etc. should be arranged in urban
area due to increase the awareness of people.
8. Village people are busy in their daily work in field. So it is very much
difficult to take them in a conference or seminar. So to aware them
door to door program should be taken. And this program can be
handle by the students.
9. The people of Bangladesh are very religious. So with the help of
religious institutions such as Mosque, Mandir, Church etc. we can
increase the awareness of both urban and village people.
10. To increase the awareness level of the village people the union council
chairman and the members of union council can work as a
intermediately between the government and village people.

11. The poultry industry owner must work side by side with the
government to increase the awareness of the people and maintain the
stability in poultry sector.
As like those, there are so many measures to increase the awareness level of
the consumers of different region. We should and must apply this due to
protect our poultry industry from destruction.

30
6.4 REFERENCE
• Search result from Google, Yahoo, and MSN:
• Bangladesh _ Information on Avian Influenza_files.
• Bird flu outbreaks in Bangladesh - Pravda_Ru_files.
• Bird flu spreads to northwest Bangladesh, birds culled Reuters_files.
• Bird flu strikes Bangladesh again DoctorNDTV Health news on Bird
flu strikes Bangladesh again_files.
• Bird flu strikes farm in northeastern Bangladesh Reuters_files.
• India, Bangladesh try to contain bird flu outbreak - The China
Post_files.
• IRIN Asia Asia Bangladesh BANGLADESH Bird flu “spreading
fast”, says expert Avian Flu Early Warning Health & Nutrition News
Item_files.
• The Hindu International Bangladesh bird flu situation alarming, says
official_files.

• U_S_ Provides Additional Funding For Avian Flu Fight In India_files

• Small-scale poultry production_files.

• Interviews of different people of Barisal region.

31
32