QUESTION 1

Part (i)

If y mx = and ln y x =

touch then their gradients are the same, that is :-

1
1
m
m
m mx
x
= = (where
m
x is the point at which the curves touch)
Further
1
ln
m
mx
m m m m m
mx y x e x x e m
e
= = = = =

Given , ln , ln a b ma a mb b < = = then
log ln
log
ln log
b
b a a
a
a
a
b b b
b a b a b
a a a
= = = = =


10 5 0 -5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
10 5 0 -5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
10 5 0 -5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
10 5 0 -5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0


The black line is ln y x =

The blue line is
x
y
e
= (i.e. the line touching ln y x = at x e = )

The red line is
1
with 0 y gx g
e
= < <

The first point that the red line cuts ln y x = is x a = and the second point at
which it cuts ln y x = is x b = . Clearly a e b < < .



Part (ii)

10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5


Black, Blue and red lines as before.

Green line is y gx c = + with g as previously defined and 0 c > chosen such that
the line cuts ln y x =

twice, at and x p x q = = .

Given , ln , ln p q gp c p gq c q < + = + = then :-

log
ln
log
ln log
q
p q p p
p
p
q
q gq c q
q p q p q
p gp c p p
+
> = = = > >
+


Part (iii)

15 10 5 0
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
15 10 5 0
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
15 10 5 0
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
15 10 5 0
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0


Black and Blue as before.

Red line cuts ln y x = at and where x p x q e p q = = <

Clearly the red line intersects the y axis at a positive value.

The same reasoning as used in part (ii) can be used to show that if we choose the
point , p e q = =

then :-
3
e
e e

< < >

Part (iv)

10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
10 5 0 -5
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1


1
ln ln
0 and
q p
p q e
q p

< < =

means that we are considering a line parallel to our

original blue line but such that it intersects the y axis at a negative value.

We would follow the reasoning of part (ii) with the following changes:-

log
ln
log
ln log
q
p q p p
p
p
q
q gq c q
q p q p q
p gp c p p

< = = = < <

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