MINI THESIS

SCHOOLWIDE ENRICHMENT MODEL

MARA JUNIOR SCIENCE COLLEGE MUKAH, SARAWAK
2014

THE LIFE OF WOLVES

SCIENCE AND ART



GROUP: WOLF LYZ
Muhammmad Luqman Bin Abdullah Abdul Manap 144097
Ahmad Faizal Bin Zaidi 144003
Mohd Danial Akmal Bin Mohd Rashid 144025


WRITTERS CONFESSION
We admit that this project is the result of our own work except for excerpts and summaries of
each of which at I explain the source.

Student :
(MUHAMMAD LUQMAN)
College No. :
Date :

Student :
(AHMAD FAIZAL)
College No. :
Date :

Student :
(MOHD DANIAL AKMAL)
College No. :
Date :





FACILITATORS CONFESSION



I confirm that this mini thesis is the result of the students to meet their graduation requirements.



Facilitator :
(MR. NAZRUL HAIZAM)
Date :














APPRECIATION




Bismillahirahmanirrahim
Thanks to God for giving us the chance to finish this mini thesis. This tesis which is entitled
The Life of Wolves is one of the enquiries for us to graduate from MARA Junior Science
College. We are very grateful to every single person that had helped us in finishing this thesis.
Firstly, a big thanks to our principle, Encik Abdul Aziz Bin Baba for giving us the spirit on
continuing their studies and the spirit to never give up. Second, we also wan to thank our
dedicated teachers for helping us throughout the whole process of the program. Next, our parents
that had gave us the opportunity to study in a higher level. Lastly, our friends that gave us help
whether in a big or small matter.





CONTENTS


Preface
Scientific Studies
Methodology
Results
Development
Test and Assessment
Conclusion and Discussion
Bibliography
















ABSTRACT
THE LIFE OF WOLVES
MARA Junior Science College Mukah
Sarawak



Wolves are animals that are pretty common to our ears but we still cannot get a clear image of
what a wolf really is. People nowadays are more to technology than nature which makes them
lacking the knowledge about animals. In this case, we are talking about wolf. When they hear the
word wolf, all they think is a dog-like creature that howls in the middle of the night or a myth of
a human suddenly changes into a werewolf once they stare at a full moon. In fact, there are more
than howling and evolving of wolves. We discovered that wolves are in the same family with fox
and it is called Canidae. Wolves are also at the brink of extinction and we know how to prevent
that from happening.











CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION




1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS
1.3 OBJECTIVES

1.1 Introduction
The English word "wolf" stems from the old English wulf, which is itself thought to be
derived from the proto germanic*wulfaz, from the Proto-Indo-European root*wlqwos/*lukwos.
Old English literature contains several instances of Anglo-Saxon kings and warriors taking on
wulf as a prefix or suffix in their names. Examples include Wulfhere, Cynewulf, Ceonwulf,
Wulfheard, Earnwulf, Wulfmr, Wulfstn and thelwulf.
The species' most likely ancestral candidate is Canislepophagus, a small, narrow skulled
North American canid of the Miocene era, which may have also given rise to the coyote. After
the extinction of the large bodied Borophaginae family, C. lepophagus developed into a larger,
broader-skulled animal. Fossils of this larger form of C. lepophagus found in northern Texas may
represent the ancestral stock from which true wolves derive. The first true wolves began to
appear at the end of the Blancan North American Stage and the onset of the early Irvingtonian.
Among them was C. priscolatrans, a small species closely resembling the modern-day red wolf,
which colonised Eurasia by crossing the Bering land bridge. The new Eurasian C. priscolatrans
population gradually evolved into C. mosbachensis, which closely resembled modern wolves
found in the Arabian Peninsula and South Asia, which were once distributed in Europe in the
early Quaternary glaciation until about 500,000 years ago. C. mosbachensis subsequently
evolved in the direction of C. lupus. The earliest C. lupus remains date back to the middle
Pleistocene, and occurs in Beringia.
Subspeciation
the most ancient is that of the African wolf (native to North, West, and East Africa), which is
thought to have originated as early as the Middle to Late Pleistocene
All other lineages occur together in the Indian Subcontinent, the oldest of which is the
Himalayan wolf (native to the Himalayan region of eastern Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, parts of
Tibet and eastern Nepal), which is thought to have originated 800,000 years ago, when the
Himalayan region was going through major geologic and climatic upheaval.
The peninsular Indian wolf, C. l. pallipes, likely diverged from the Himalayan wolf
400,000 years ago. The youngest wolf lineage in India is represented by C. l. chanco (native to
the northwestern Himalayan region of Kashmir), which originated 150,000 years ago. This last
lineage, known as the Holarctic clade, expanded into Europe and North America, as shown by it
sharing genetic markers with domestic dogs, European and North American wolves.
The now extinct Japanese wolves were descended from large Siberian wolves which
colonised the Korean Peninsula and Japan, before it separated from mainland Asia, 20,000 years
ago during the Pleistocene. During the Holocene, the Tsugaru Strait widened and isolated
Honshu from Hokkaid, thus causing climatic changes leading to the extinction of most large
bodied ungulates inhabiting the archipelago. Japanese wolves likely underwent a process of
island dwarfism 7,00013,000 years ago in response to these climatological and ecological
pressures. C. l. hattai (formerly native to Hokkaid) was significantly larger than its southern
cousin C. l. hodophilax, as it inhabited higher elevations and had access to larger prey, as well as
a continuing genetic interaction with dispersing wolves from Siberia.
1.2 Problem Statement
Most people know what a wolf is. They are types of mammal who mostly live in the
woods. But none of them really know what this creature is, how the creature evolve into such a
magnificent mammal and so on. They have known this creature deeply. When these creatures
nowadays are at the edge of extinction, these creatures are being hunt by the hunters yet none of
us care. Their habitats are being destroyed yet none of us take any action. Worst of all, people
sometime confused these creatures with other being such as a fox and other similar type
mammal.


1.3 Objectives

There are some objectives for this research. First of all, this research is done because we
want to study and get to know more about wolves. The second thing that we pick this research is
because we want to show the world about the life of wolf, so that there will get to know more
about wolves and throw their curiosity about them. The third is because these creatures are
facing there dark days, as they are about to extinct from this world for eternity. So, we want to
find the way to save these creatures from the edge of extinction.



CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE REVIEW


2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW













2.1 Literature Review
There is no denying that wolves are both fascinating as well as controversial in our world
today. We do know that they are derived from the canidae family at some level.
There are other relatives out there in the canine family that wolves are closely related to.
They include the coyote. It isnt uncommon for some types of dogs to be mistaken for wolves in
some areas. For example the Alaskan Husky and the Alaskan Malamute.
Through careful research we are able to understand much more about them than in the
past. These animals arent out there looking for humans to hunt as some legends say. Instead
they are instinctively driven to do all they can to survive. Wolves are very social animals. They
thrive off of the freedoms and the restraints found within their own pack.
The howling of wolves can seem very scary and eerie to people. Yet researchers have
found there is quite a bit of meaning in such sounds. They can be used to call out to the rest of
the pack, as a warning for introducers or emotion signals.
The largest amount of wolf research has been dedicated to the element of their social
hierarchy because is one of the most complex. Yet it allows them to be able to provide the level
of care and harmony within their pack that is necessary. In spite of what most people think,
wolves are able to get along very well with each other. They seldom have conflicts inside of their
own pack.
Wolves value family in much the same way that humans do. They have respect for each
other, work as a team, and even help to care for young that arent their own. It is this type of
research that has shown us wolves arent monsters out there looking to kill everything in site.
What we do know from research though is that these are very instinctive animals. They
have the ability to adapt to a variety of different environments. They arent killing machines but
animals that have the ability to be able to find food sources so that they can continue to survive.
Many people wonder about wolves and attacks on humans. Even if you spend days
looking for information you will find very few reports about them attacking. In those instances
when it has occurred it has been connected to wolves having rabies. A person is much more
likely to be attacked by other types of animals than this one should they be in the wilderness.
A great deal of information that we have about the movements of wolves is due to the use
of tracking devices. This helps to find out which ones may be a given problem in areas where
cattle are being destroyed. They also help to identify the home range for a given wolf pack. It is
very interesting to see how they live, and that information can help with successfully creating
homes for them in captivity and reintroducing them to the wild.
Even though wolf research has been able to offer us an inside look in many areas, it isnt
enough to tell us the entire story. There is still plenty more than has to be looked into before we
are able to fully understand these magnificent creatures. The fact that so many of the species are
in danger of extinction though means that we may not be able to learn enough about them before
it is too late.



CHAPTER 3:
METHODOLOGY



3.1 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology table
The Life of Wolves


People have less knowledge about wolf
The wolves species are at the edge of
exctintion
People always mistake wolves with other
animals such as foxs
Statement Of Issues
Wolves need to be save from the exctintion to
balance the ecosystem.
Hypothesis
To learn more about the life of wolf
To let the world know about the life of wolves
To save the wolves from the edge of exctintion
Objective
Save the wolves species
Balance the ecology
Scientific Studies
Wolves are harmless creatures
Wolves are from canidae family
Avoid illegal hunting
Conclusion

CHAPTER 4:
RESULTS




4.1 RESULTS
4.1 Results
Most people know what a wolf is. They are types of mammal who mostly live in the
woods. But none of them really know what this creature is, how the creature evolve into such a
magnificent mammal and so on. They have known this creature deeply. When these creatures
nowadays are at the edge of extinction, these creatures are being hunt by the hunters yet none of
us care. Their habitats are being destroyed yet none of us take any action. Worst of all, people
sometime confused these creatures with other being such as a fox and other similar type
mammal.
There are a few ways to solve this problem. First of all is to expose people about the life
of wolves. This can be done by holding a program about the wolves, which tell us everything
about wolves. Next is to put these mammals in a zoo. This is because in Malaysia, we could
hardly find any living wolves which make us hard to know what a wolf is. By putting them at
least in a zoo in every state, people could come by and see with their own naked eyes how these
mammals live. Another step to solve this problem is to reinforce the law about the hunting and
killing of wolves. If there is any out doer who hunt them, they must be punished with a very
heavy punishment such as being arrested for a few years or fine them with an insane about of
money. By inforcing the law, the hunter will be afraid to commit any fault to these animals.



CHAPTER 5:
DISCUSSIONS



5.1 DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Discussion
In every research there will always be an obstacle to finish the research smoothly. We
had also faced this obstacle during our researching time. For example, we can hardly find any
living wolf in our place. This makes us hard to do our research properly. This is the major
obstacle that we had faced during our research.
We also find it difficult to search information about wolf as they are about to extinct.
These animals only can be found in some country. The research about these animals also very
limited because people dont care much about this mammals. They think it just a waste of time to
the research about these animals as they think these animals is about to extinct from the face of
the earth.
As our country become more advance, the technology made by the people have also
become more modern. Many useful technologies are usable to do this research, but in our case,
we could hardly use any of this technology because of the restriction in our college. The
technologies in our college are hard to use as there are only a few of them are available. For
example, the limited amount of computers has restricted us from completing this research
because many other students use it. The internet connections here are also less powerful, as we
are located in a district area. Here in Mukah, there were not any 4G internet speeds and the basic
internet speed was too slow to search any information.

CHAPTER 6:
CONLUSION



6.1 CONCLUSION




6.1 Conclusion
Based on our research about the life of wolf, we have got many weird yet important
things about wolf. One of it is that wolf comes from a canidae family. Wolves are also harmless
animals unless you disturb it. They are one friendly animal if you have study about them deeply.
But they are now treated cruelly by the humans especially by the hunters who hunt them almost
everything. They are now facing the edge of extinctions now and there for we must take action
beginning from now to help their species to keep on living in this earth. From our research, we
have gathered much information about wolves and we have come to conclusion on how to solve
our problem.
Bibliography
http://www.wolfworlds.com/wolf-research/
http://www.ibtimes.com/meet-wolf-man-german-researcher-werner-freund-feeds-wolves-his-mouth-
photos-1046470
http://www.wolfcountry.net/information/WolfObserved.html
http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2013/01/28/among-wolves/
http://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GrayWolfExtra.html










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