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JAVA

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3
18
21
23
34
37
42
46
48
63
66
74
77
78
82
85
88
89
92
93
99
100
102
104
106
113
114
115
116



2001
: . . (6) (5).

1 :
4 .. 61 4 .
, 3333333333 4 . .
;

2 :
.
;

3 :
.
; ;

2
8

4
6

6
4

8
2

10
0

4 :
D = 10 P S = 4P P
. .
. = 3; .

5 :
.
. ; .

6 :
Nash .
; .

2002
: .

5 7
(2 1 3 2 ). .
1 ( 3 2)
1.

2.

3.

: ()

1% :


3 ()

-0,25
0,06
0,01

-0,13
-1,20
0,27
.

0,07
0,41
-0,85

;
Q
P
TC
100 . 10
. ,
1
25
10
4
2
23
23
, 40 .
3
20
38
C
4
18
55
Q, ()
5
15
75
() () ()
6
12.5
98
. ( ).

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1.
2.
3.
4.

, .
;
;
;
.
; ; ;
,
W0, ;
;

5.

 2002
: .
(5) 8 ( 2 ). .

1 ( 2, 3)
1.

, ( ) 1
2000 2002. () ( 2000) () 1
, 60% ,
30% 10%. .
(1 ) (1 ) (1 )
2000
1
6
20
2002
2
4
8
2. D Qd = 20 P S Qs
= 5 + 2P . .
= 4, ;
3. , -0,8, 0,8
1,8.
Q
P
TC
10% .
1
25
10
4. TC
2
23
23
Q, () MC MR ()
3
20
38
. (
).
4
18
55
5
15
75

2 ( 2, 3)
6
12.5
98
5.
6.
7.
8.

.
; 2
.
,
.
1 . 0,5 . ;
.

2003

1.

2.

3.

: .
.
.
28 . .
( 34).
2
80 90 . :
() 25%
() -25%
() 0,25%
() -0,25%
()
.
;
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()
()
()
;
() ,
.
()
.
()
.
()
.

4.

( )
.
()
()
()
()

5.

;
()

()
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6. ;
() Giffen
()

()

()
.

7.

.
, .

:
()
()
() Giffen
()

8. .
, .
,
:
()
()
() 0
()

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

100
. 10
5 .
5
. 50
:
()
()
()
()
. , .
. . ,
. 10 . .
;
() 10
() .
()
() 10 .
:
() f ( tK, tL) < t f (K, L) = tQ
() f ( tK, tL) > t f (K, L) = tQ
() f ( tK, tL) = t f (K, L) = tQ
() ,

:
() ,
() ,
() ,

0()
;
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() MR = MC.
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.
()
.
;
() T , .
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;
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17.
;
()
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:
()
()
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()

()

()
()
20. :
()
()
() 1 ( = 1)
()
21. ;
() ,
.
() ,
.
() .
()
, .
22. = -5
= -2. ( P/MC) :
() 5% 2%
() 12.5% 20%
() 25% 100%
()
()
23. ,
:
() Q1 P1AQ1O
() Q1 P0BQ1O
() Q2 P0Q2O
() Q2 P2Q2O
24. :
() MR = MC,

() MR = MC,
() MR = MC,
()
25. ,
.
. , :
()
()
()
()
7

26. :
()
()
()
()
27. ;
() .
() ,
.
()
.
()
.

28. ( 1 () 2

(), (, ) 1 5 2 3).
, :
() (5, 3)
() (2, 4)
() (10, 4)
() (7, 3)
() .

(5, 3)
(10, 4)

(2, 4)
(7, 3)

(2, 4)
(7, 3)
29. :
()
()
()
()
30. . ,
:
() (0, 1)
() (2, 1)
() (1, -1)
() (-1, 2)
() Nash

(0, 1)
(1, -1)

(2, 1)
(-1, 2)
31. :
()

()

()

()

32. ;
() ,
,
.
() ,
,
.
()
.
() .

33.
( )
, .
,
:
()
()
()
()
34. , L3,
:
()

()
()
()

2009
: .
( 3)
( 1 2). 2 .

1 (6 )
;
; .

2 (6 )

.

3 (6 )
. 1 ( ).
1. =10
Q=2000:
) .
) .
) .
. (
):
Q
FC
VC
TC
ATC
AVC
MC
0
4
5
8
20
7

2010
: .
3 .

1 (5 )
,
:
) <
) =
) <
) <
) >
) =
) <

2 (5 )
.

3 (5 )
. 2 ( - )
( 1). 2, (Qs) (Qd)
1

60
52
42
30
16
0

0
4
8
12
16
20

2
P($/)
2

Qd(.)
Qs(. )
18
2
14
6
14
6
14
16
4
16
) ,
) () ),
(40, 10) (50, 3)
) .
) .
) 6$ 14$
.
. 160:
L
Q
ATC
VC
AVC
MC
TC
8
5
10
210
9
30
40
10
50
40

2011
: .
1. :
() .
() .
() .
()
() .
() .
2. :
() , ,
()



()
()
.
().
() ()
() .

3. :
()
()


()
()



()
()


10

4. H :
()
()

()
()

()
()

5.
(U/) / (U/) :
() U/U.
() QX/Q.
() PX/P.
() Q/Q.
() P/P
()
6. Ceteris paribus, P :
() -
()

.
()
()
(. )
.
() (
() .
)
7. P 50 55 Q 10 9 ,
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
8. ;
() QA * QB = 10 .
() [P * (Q * QB ) ] (PA*QA) (P*QB) = 10.000 .
() PA + PB = 100 .
() Q/Q = 100.000 .
() (PA*QA) + (P*QB) = 1.000 ______________.
() .
9. PA :
()
()
.
( ).
()
()

()
.
()
()
10. Ceteris paribus, ( ),
() :
() .
() .
() .
() .
() ()
() .

12. , , :
() ,
() ,
() ,
()
:
) ,
() ,
() ,
()
13. , :
() , ()
.
14. , :
() () ()

() () () .
11

15. ,
;
:
() , () , () , () .
H : () , () , () , () .
: () , () , () , () .
: () , () , () , () .
16. Ceteris paribus, __________ ;
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
17. ,
:
() .
()
.
()
()
.
()
() .
()
()
.
18. :
() .
()
.
() ( ) . () , ,
.
() .
()
19. :
() ()
()
.
.
() , P(Q),
()

.
()
()

20. , ()
:
()
()
.
.
()
()
.
()
.
.
21.
:
() .
() ,


()
()
.

. (
, .)
()
()

22.
:
() , () , (

) .
.
(c2f3)
, .
()
() .
12

,


() ,

23. ,
:
() () .
() .
() .
() .
() .
() .
24.
:
() Bertrand
() Cournot
() To Stackelberg
() Sweezy
() .
25. ():
()
() ,

,
.

.
()
() ,



. (. .)
()
()


()

.
26.
:
() ( ) .
() ( ) .
() ( ) ,

27. Ceteris paribus, :
() .
() .
() .
() .
() ( )
( )
.
() .
28. ( ), ( )
:
() ,
.
() () , ceteris paribus,
.
() , .
() ( )
( )
.
() .
13

29.
, :
() , , , , .
() , ()
.
() ( , ..)
(.. , ...)
() .
() . .., ___________________________________
30. ,
. , :
() , (
, ). .
() , ,
(, ..), ,
.
() (
), , ( )
. , ,
( ) .
() , :
( )
.
() ,
. , .
() .
31.
,

;
. ______________________________________________________
. ______________________________________________________
. ______________________________________________________
. ______________________________________________________
____________________________________
32. , ()
* Q=AKL.
* . .
33. Nash :
(i) 5 . 2 (ii) 2 .
1 .
(i) 7 . 2 (ii) 1 .
( ).
O = P*Q (wL + rK) = P*AKL (wL + rK).
L P Q/L W =0
MPL= Q/L = W/P.
C=(wL + rK)/L=W.
(MPL)/W = 1/P.
34.

:
. : ______________________
B. : _______________________________
. : _______________________________
. : _______
. : _____
35. , . ()
( ) , () ( , )
, () ,

14

 2012
: .
1. , ceteris paribus, (1 ):
a) () ,
, () .
b) () ,
, , ()
.
c) () , ()
, ( )
.
d) () , ()
() .
e) .
2. (1 ):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e) .
3. (1 );
a)
b)
c)
d) .
4. , (
) (1 ):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e) , ,
5. ,
30%.
(1 ):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f) ():

15

6. . ,
, ceteris paribus, (1 );
a) (, ) ( )
()
b) ().
c)
d)
e)
7. (1 ):
a)
b)
c)
d)
, .
e)
8.
.
, . ( .)
, ceteris paribus, (1 ):
a)
b)
c)

d)

e) ():
9. (1 ):
a)
b)
c) , ,

d)
10. ,
(1 ):
a) Bertrand
b) Cournot
c) Stackelberg
d)
11. : 2
. ( ) 6 . ( )
( ), 5 . 4 .
. 3 1
, 2 9 . . (3 )
i. :
a. 5, 3
b. 6, 2
c. 2, 1
d. 4, 9
e. . :
ii. :
a. 5, 3
b. 6, 2
16

c. 2, 1
d. 4, 9
e. . :
iii. :
a. 5, 3
b. 6, 2
c. 2, 1
d. 4, 9
e. . :
(3 )
()
:
a)
b)
c)

1) () (
0,3
0,2
, ) U=XA (
0,4
0,5
) U=X .
, :
) .
) , =f(),
100 150.
2
2) K=L .
StATC 100%
. (3 )
3) P=10-2Q,
P=5-2Q, P=1+Q.
:
) .
)
.
) . (7 )
4)
. ,
..,
(), Nash. (3 )
5)

17

 &

2004
1
1.
2.
3.

4.

: .

112,875 (0.5 )
7 bits 2;
. (1 )
6 bit 2.
: 101011 100110
. (1.5 )
r n (r 1);
5 (43210)6 (2 )

1. 5. ;
15 132; (0.5 )
2. 10 4 ,
: 3568, 5000, 6678. (1 )
3. (-42) (-13) , 2
. & .
. (1.5 )
4. (2110201102220112)3 9. (2 )

1.
2.
3.
4.

(153)10 . (0.5 )
(10110001101011.11110000011)2 . (1 )
(211)x = (152)8 , x 5, 6 7 . (1.5 )
=1010100 & =1000011. () & () ,
2. 7 .
, . (2 )

2004
. . . !
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

(10000001,001)2 . , (201)10 .
6 bit 2.
: 111001 100010
(:
, ).
(150) 10; ;
.
10 4 ,
: 4497, 5000, 7690, 9999; .
(10231000133)4 .
. .
(411)x = (152)8, x 5, 6, 7 . (152) 8
( )

2005
2 .
(2.5 )
1.

(3267) 10 (-15621) 10 (
byte). () 2.

2.
3.

(722) 10 = (?) 8 = (?) 2 = (?) 16

(. , ).
i.)
(4D9) 16 + (5EF4) 16 = (?) 16 , ii) (763) 8 + (317) 8 = (?) 8 iii)(111110111) 2 + (11011011) 2 = (?) 2

18

 (1 )
4.

6 bit 2.
: 110101 11.
.

5.

(150) 10 ; ;
.

6.

(132,013) 4 .

7.

340,750 . ,
340,750.

8.

(DF7A) 16 = (?) 8 .

2006

1 : (312,3)4 .
.

2 : (600) 10 = (?)8 = (?)2 = (?)16

( , ).

3 : Boolean x = (NOT A) AND (A XOR B).

x.

(-456,75)10 ( 2 byte).
2. 12 .
.

2007
1
: F = ((A AND C) XOR (B OR C) OR (NOT (C))
A) F.
B) F .

(2,5 )

2
19-7 , 2 /
8 bit.
(1 )

3
() / 6 bit
. ;
.
(2 )

4
:
(61,375)10 = (?)2
(16,24)9 = (?)3
(2F,BC)16 = (?)10

(2 )

5
/ 8 bit 10001101.
/ :
) bit ) )
(2,5 )

19

 2008
.
1 (0.5 )
(12C.1E)16
.

2 (1.5 )
:
(4254.14)6 + (5421.303)6
(F1.AB)16 + (D6F.E1)16
(101110.11)2 (10100.111)2
: , /.
.

3 (2 )
8 . 2.
, 34, -12, -28 .
() .
() / - -.
.

4 (2 )
16 .
bit , 7
35
. ( ) 34.359.738.368 (2 ) 0,000000000011111 .

5 (2 )
:
F = ((A AND C) XOR (B AND C)) OR (NOT(C))
() F.
() F, ( ).

6 (2 )
C 1 21
3 ( To athroisma einai 84 3+6+9+12+15+18+21).
# include <stdio.h>
main ( )
{
int arithmos, athroisma;
for (arithmos=0; arithmos<21; ++arithmos)
if (arithmos % 3 = = 1)
{
athroisma +=arithmos;
}
print (To athroisma einai %i, athroisma);
}
() .
() ;

20



2004
: .

(3) (4) . 1 4 .
1). , , .
. .
2). Weber () .
;
;
3). (task environment).
4). Hofstede.

2006

..

1 :
(4-5 max) , (4-5
max)

2 :
) Weber . :
1 : 2-3 max
2 : 2-3 max

: 2-3 max
) ; (5-6 max)

3 :
) ; (5-6 )
) ; (5-5 )

2007
.
1.

2.

3.

/
;
.
(3 )
Weber ()
. ;
;
(3 )
(task environment).
( ).
(4 )

2009
1.
2.
3.

.
; (). .
) , , ; ) ;
; ( ).

21

 2009
.
1. .
.
(3 )
2. .
( )
.
(3 )
3. .
(4 )

2011
1:
. . (4 )
2: Hofstede . . (3
)
3: (boundary spanning).
; (3 )

2012
1 (3 )

.
2 (4 )
) 3 Fayol .
) .
3 (3 )
.

2012
3 .
1

. (3 )
2
) Fayol .
) . (4 )
3
.(3
)

2013
1.
2.
3.

; .
; ;
Taylor.

22


2005
: . . 4 7
1
) Taylor

f ( x) x

x 1.

1.02

2
Cobb-Douglas:

Q( K , L) 50K 0.4 L0.6

1000 L .
)

QK

750.000

991, ;
)

2Q
, .
L2

) Cobb-Douglas :

Q(tK , tL) tQ( K , L) , .

f (t ) t 1900.

(40,17).
) 1940 1970.
) 1940.
) 1910 1980
f(t).

(90,42)

Y=f(t)

(70,40)

(40,17)

40

70

90

1900

t 1900.

4
(25,3)

50 p
. p = 40.
( p 50)( p 100)

f (3z x, 2 z y) 0

z ( x, y)

z
z
2 1 .
x
y

p 100 0.01x

c( x) 50 x 10000 .

7
:

16Q2 9C 2 64Q 18C 199 0

: f(x,y)=0 :

f xx f y 2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x 2
d2y
f
dy
.
x , 2
dx
f y3
dx
fy

2005
23

: . .
4 7
1
.

Y CI

C f (Y )

(1)

(2)

f (Y ) 0 1.

, C .

(1) () (C) (I). (2)

().
) : C f (Y ) 95.05 0.712Y . .
. 1 .
) (1) (2) .

dY
dI

1 .

2
1960 641 1970 705
. t
, t 1960 (t=0 1960, t=1 1961 ...). )
2010, ) , )
0.72% 1960 2100.
.

D( p) 8000 p 1.5 . D( p)

1 %

p4

4
) Taylor

f ( x) x

x 1.

) 1.02

5
Q 2 x3 x2 y y3 x y
. 30 20 .

.

6
x C ( x) 1 x 2 4 x 53 . t

x(t ) 0.2t 2 0.03t

. 4

7
p1(t ) 50 t 2 , t .

p2 (t ) 200 5t .

) .
) .
) .

2006
: . .
4 7
1

8:00 .. Q(t)= -t3 +

6t2 + 24t t .
) 11:00 ..
) 11:00 .
;
) 11:00 11:10 .. ;

2
16Q2-9C2-64Q+18C+199=0,
; f(x,y)=0 :

f xx f y2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x2
d2y

dx 2
f y3
3

24

 50 . :
35 60 .
1 35 .
.
; , ;

4
p dp

dx

135 x x ( ) (
9 x2

). 400 (x=4) 30 . )
p(x), ) 300 ;

, t , p'(t) = 50 + t2 . ,
p2' (t) = 200 + 5t .
) ; ) .
) .

: y" -3y' = x2

x y = 0 z=(x,y) : xzx +yzy = z

f( ,
)
z z

2006
: . . 4 6
1
p x(p)=240-2p 0

p 120

) p. ) p=100
. ; ) -1;
.

2
(p1) (p2).
( ) :
Q Q1 Q2
TC 20000 100Q
Q1 200 0.5 p1
Q2 500 2 p2
p1 p2 MR( )=MC( ) .
: MC d (TC ) 100

dQ

) (
) . ) . )
, .
p1=p2=p
;

3
, , 800 .
, , , . , ,
( , , , ) 100 .
120 . )
( , break-even analysis),
; ) ; )
.

4
20 p 4 p
) 8 ;
)

200(16 p)

p .

. ;
q

: CS =

[ D(q) p]dq

: CP =

5
:

[ p S (q)]dq

x' '4 x'4 x t 2 2

z f ( x, y) x 2 y 3 y
:
) z ) dz ) a z dz x=4, y=3, x=0.01, y=0.02,
) f(5.12, 6.85) .

25

 2007
: . . 4 6
1) :

QS 3 0,018 p, QD 12 0, 012 p

QD QS . ( ) .

)
) ;
) );
) );
2)

x z
f ( , ) 0,
z y

z ( x, y)

3) )

x z y z

1
z x z y

y x 2 1. y 2 x =(1,2).

Ox, Oy =(0,2).
, Oy . , Oy

y 2x

. ;
) :

ex 1
x
e x 2 dx , e u ,

f ( x) x2 2bx 4 a ln( x2 ) x 0 . f ( x)
f x1 1 , x2 2 .

4) )

a, b
;
)

f ( x, y) x 2 y 2 4 x 6 y 3 0 , y.

2
( : d y f xx f y 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x
2
3
2

dx

fy

5) 8 ..

Q(t ) t 3 6t 2 24t t .

) 11 ..
) t 11 ..
) 11 11:10 ..

f ( x) x

f ( x) f ( x)x .

) 11 11:10 .. ).
6) (P,Q)=(4,12)

55P
.
( P 1)( P 56)

) .
) p=4, 25%.
)

2, 4e0,8Q

-0,4 (). .

2007
: . . 4 6
1
Cobb-Douglas:

Q( K , L) 50K 0.4 L0.6

1000 L .
)

QK

750.000

991.
) ;
)

2Q ;
L2

) Q(K,L) . ;

x z
f ( , ) 0 , z ( x, y) : x z y z 1.
z y
z x z y
) u f ( y ax) f ( y ax) f , ux=0 x=0.
)

26

16Q2 9C 2 64Q 18C 199 0

: f(x,y)=0 :

f xx f y 2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x 2
d2y
f
dy
.

x ,
dx 2
f y3
dx
fy
4

360 . ) (10,60).
( P 1) 2

. )
.
5

f (t ) t 1900.

(40,17).
) ( ) 1940 1970.
) ( ) 1940.
) 1910 1980
f(t).
) f (a h) f (a) f '(a) h , 1940

100000 .

(90,42)

Y=f(t)

(70,40)

(40,17)

40

70

90

1900

t 1900.
6
t

C '(t ) 2000 10t

R '(t ) 5000 20t 2

2

) .
) .
) .

2008
: . . 4 6
1.

MC(q)=7-6q-q
2
MR(q)=495q2q , q .

27

500.000 (..). .
q, .

2.
DVDs DVDs : q=D(p) = 360 60p, q
DVDs p .
) p p = 2 p = 4.
.
) p .
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E(p)=1.

3.
) Q1=50-P1 Q2 P0=10.
Q2 6 Q1 . Q2,.
) u = f(y+x) + f(y-x), f , : ux = 0, x = 0.

4.

: y"- 4y' + 4y = x + 2

5.
f (x/z , -y/z) = 0 z = (x, y) , : xzx + yzy + z

6.

) Q = 2x +x y +y , x
y . 30
20 .
.
-0.2x
) z x z = 1/1+2y , y = e .

2008
: . . 4 6
1
) x :

R( x) x3 12 x 2 40 x 10

C ( x) 62 x2 27.500

:
i)
P(x).
ii)
, , 50 .
iii) , , 50 .

iv) 51 ,
.
v)
50 50 ,
)

d2 f

f ( x, y, z ) x3 y y 3 z z 3 x yz 2 xyz ,

d 2 f f xx dx2 f yy dy 2 f zz dz 2 2 f xy dxdy 2 f xz dxdz 2 f yz dydz

2

) p dp 135 x , x ( )
dx
9 x2
( p).
30 400 (x=4).
i)
p(x).
ii)
300 , ;
iii) 20 ;
) y3 x2 y5 x 4 27 , (0,3).

3
2

) H p( x, y) 50 x 3 y 3 , p
x y .
i)
125 64 .
ii)

iii) x=125, y=64, .
)

27

4
)
)

f (3z x, 2 z y) 0 z ( x, y)

y x(4 x)

y f ( x)x

, 3 z 2 z 1

dy x 5 dx 0.2
28

y '' y ' 2 y 4 x 2

6
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i)
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;
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=48 . .
, ;
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.)
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L

Euler

2009
: . 4 6
1.)

4p
80
3

p q .
i) 40 , ii)
; iii)
( ); iv)
1, v) ,
vi) .

2.)
)

2 K 3 3L3

L
K

i) 2 .
ii) Euler K+L.
) :

Q 0.4P2 4P 10

Q 1.2P 30 ,
2

P, Q >0.

3.)
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(Cobb-Douglas) :

q 50n0.6 r 0.4
q n r . 1000
20 .
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;
ii)

;
1

) Riemann

(x

1)dx

n=5 (

).

4.)
) Taylor x=0
)

f ( x) e

x2
2

x(e x 1)

u x3 y3 xy 1 3x2 2 y 2 5 0 . du

29

d 2u

(x,y)=(-1,1).

u f ( x, y)

( x, y) 0

du f x dx f y dy

d 2u f y d 2 y ( f x dx f y dy)2

( f x dx f y dy)2 f xx dx 2 2 f xy dxdy f yy dy 2 . :

f
dy
f ( x, y ) 0
x
dx
fy

f xx f y 2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x 2
d2y

dx 2
f y3

5.)
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500 25 % .
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.
ii)

iii)
;
[

dy
k ( N y)
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f (3z x, 2 z y) 0 z ( x, y)

z
z
2 1
x
y

6.)
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40 6 (.) 50
10 (..). 200 (.).
i)
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iii)
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2011
: . 4 6
1
)

3K
2L
, 20 %,

K L K L

.
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).
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, , L +=1.
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2
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100 . .
200 .

x2 y 2 4x y 2 0 ,

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1
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2

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( :

30

5
,
2

4
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f
dy
x
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fy

f xx f y 2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x 2
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dx 2
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f (3z x, 2 z y) 0 z ( x, y) .

3
)

z
z
2 1
x
y

u x3 y 3 3xyz x

u
u
u
y
z
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x
y
z

5
) :

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6
:

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p 68 0.5qB

p q A , qB

) .
) (
).
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.

dq p
dp q

2012
: . 4 6
1.)
f ( x, y) x y 2 x 10 y 17 0 .
) y,
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) ) ),
) ) y x=4, (x,y)
f ( x, y) 0 .
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f ( x, y) 0 ,

f xx f y 2 2 f xy f x f y f yy f x 2
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f
dy

)
x ,
dx 2
f y3
dx
fy

2.)
6000
100 .
5000 .
160 .
) q ,
p ,
)
3500 7000 ,
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) 50000
p
31

) p (

b
).
2a

3.)
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f ( y ax) f ( y ax) , f ux 0 x=0.

z
z
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x
y
4.)
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x x=1.

1.02 ,
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f (5.12,6.85) .

5.)
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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

20

10

15

20

15

60 .
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f ( x)

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x y .

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x
f
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y

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2

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6.)
)

y 5 y 6 y x e2 x
,
x
.
)

e2 x .

y ( x) x 1 y

x y 4 x 2 y 20 0 .
2

2012
: . 4 6
1)

32

0 ,


8 ..

Q(t ) t 3 8t 2 15t

t .

) 9 .
) 9 ., 11 .

) 9 9:15 ., 11 11:15, .

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. 900 3
.
)
. 4
5 .
)
.
)

z f ( x, y, z ) x3 y y 3 z z 3 x yz 2 xyz
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35 60 , 1
35.
) .

.
)

x2 y 2 2 x 4 y .

. ;
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x z
x z y z
f ( , ) 0 z ( x, y)

1
z y
z x z y
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)

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6)
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)

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f ( x) e x x 0 .

p3 ( x)dx p3 ( x) Taylor .

) 4

p3 ( x)dx . .

e1 2.71 e 1 =0.36)

2003
: . 8 :
1.

33

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

; .
;
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;
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7.
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5 :
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.
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2006
6 :
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

, ,
.
; ;
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;
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;
perceptual map.

2008
5 :
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

. 2 .
- , ;
.
push () pull .
, ; ;
.
, ,
.
4 . .

2008
5 6 :
1.

; .

34

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

:
.
. .
,
.
, ;
.
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. .

2009
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5.

6.

5 6 :
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2009
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player) .
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, .

2011
5 6 .
1.
2.

() ,
; .
;
.

35

3.
4.
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6.

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.
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2011
5 6 . .
1) () ;
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;

2012
5 6 .
1) marketing ; . ,
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3) ;
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;
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. .
2.
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.
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2005
: .
36

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25/10/04.

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SQL :
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5 (10 ) [SQL-Stored Procedures]

stored procedure,
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6 (10 ) [ ]
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(3NF).
R (A, B, C, D, E, F)
A C
A D
B D
D F
A, B F

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2007
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37

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2008
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5 (10 ) [SQL]
SQL :
2007, 2006.

6 (10 ) [SQL - Stored Procedures]

stored procedure,
2007 .

7 (10 ) [ ]
. (3NF)
R(A, B, C, D, E)
A
B
B
C
C
D
D
E

2009
CALLCENTER A.E.
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38

 , , . ,
.

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2010
gartner gartneronline(website) (
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SQL :
downloads 2009

5 (10 )[SQL]
SQL :
downloads 2009
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stored procedure,
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7 (10 )[ ]
32 (32000 bytes) 200 bytes
8 bytes . 2000 .
8 bytes ( 16
bytes), ; (:
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39

 2011
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SQL :
100 , 2010.

5 (10 ) [SQL]
SQL :
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6 (10 ) [SQL Stored Procedures]

stored procedure,
2010 .

7 (10 ) [ ]
;
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2012
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40

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4 (10 ) [SQL]
SQL :
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5 (10 ) [SQL]
SQL :
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(status updates) )
2010.
6 (10 ) [SQL Stored Procedures]
stored procedure, ,
2011.
7 (10 ) []
R(A, B, C, D, F) :
AC,
AD,
A, BE,
BF
(2NF).

41


2006
1

: . .

) .
; )
; ;

) ; ;
) .
500, 600 650 1, 2 3 , . 4 %
.
i. ;
ii. (. );
iii. 500 , ,
; ;
;

) ; .
; ) 1.000 3
24%. .

) arbitrageurs ( ) ; ; )
Gordon g,
r d0,: P0= [d0(1 + g)]/(r g)

) ;
; ) 8 .
5 . 4 . 5
2 . (. 5 10 ).
15
1.5 . 8%, ;

) : 100 10 ,
100 .
,
;

: = d{[(1+r) - 1]/r}
-N

: = d{[1 - (1+r) ]/r}

: 1+r0 = (1+r)(1+i)

2007
: . 5 6 . .

1
) cent
. 10 5 . ,
600. 10%
;
;
) .

2
78 15.000,
3 . 5%. ;

3
( ) 100 20, 10, 25 70
4 . 7%.
, 30, 2
7%. ( )
500 300.
3% 40%, ... .
. ;

42

4
) .
) short 2300 5 . 4
short . 5%
12% , ;
6; 2 short
.

5
) .
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11% 6 . ;

6
) 10.000 100 3 .
4%. .
) 4 ; .

2007
.

1
78 10.000
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;

2
) 15%
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;
;
) .

3
)
; ;
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short . 5%
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10; 2
short .

4
;
;

5
200 . (t=0) : 30 . (t=2), 35 . (t=3)
200 . (t=4). (t=1).
5%. 30, 6
5% ( ). , 500 .
300 . 5.66%
40%, . .
;

2010
.
1

i) 100.000 3 .
10% ,
:
. (1.5 )
. (bullet loan) (.
.
)(0.5 )
.
50.000 (0.5 )
ii) (1 )
43

iii) (1
)
iv)
;(0.5 )

2
APOTG 150 .
10 . 5%
12%.
i) (g)
; (1 )
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. , APOTG
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3
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2 . 217,540
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,
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).
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.
300.000 . 20% .
30%. 38.000
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N
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44

 2011
. .

1:
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;
;
3:

1 . . 4 .
100 .
50
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4 50.000, 100.000, 300.000 500.000

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650.000 60%, . 20%.
2 3 .
7,5% 15%. 9 ()
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2013
1 (3 )
.
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2

0.2
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0.05
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0.50
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0.10
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.
; (3 )
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45

 &
2006
: .

1 2 3.
1. () .
2. 10 , , ;
3. ( Karl Jung)
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1.
2.
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Herberg -
;
; , ;
;
.

2007
1.
2.
3.

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)
Herzberg . . (6
)
.
. (6 )

2007
1. ;
. (4 )
2. Herzberg,
, ; . (6 )
3. (storming)
(performing); . (4 )

2008
1.
2.
3.

. .

;
K. Jung
;

2008
1.
2.
3.

;
;
;

2009
1.
2.
3.

( ).
(empowerment) ( ).
(storming).
.

2010
2
1.
2.
3.

.
.
,
, ;
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46

 2010
2
1. ? ( )
2. Herzberg?( )
3. ( )
K. Jung (, , , )? ( )

2011
2 3
1. 10
,
, ; .
2. ( ,
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.
.
3. ;
.

2012
2 3
1. ( 20),
,
.
2. ;
.
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2012
2 3
1. ,
.
2. (groupthink)
;
3. ; .

I 2013
1. , .
.
2. . .
3. ;

47


2008
: . .
1: (4 )
100 . (, , )
. 4.600 4.000
.
1,5 , 100 50 .
400 650 . 15.000
35 .
,
.

20
35
10

50
75
40

200
280
170

. :
1=
2=
3=
4=
: :

MaxZ 200 x1 280 x2 170 x3 250 x4

400x4 15.000
(1)
x1 + x2 + x3 + 1,5x4 100
(2)
20x1 + 35x2 + 10x3 + 100x4 4.600 (3)
50x1 + 75x2 + 40x3 + 50x4 4.000 (4)
x4 35
(5)
x1, x2, x3, x4 0
Solver :
Target Cell (Max)
Cell
Name
Original Value
Final Value
$F$6
0
17925
Adjustable Cells
Cell
Name
Original Value
Final Value
$B$5
x1
0
0
$C$5
x2
0
10
$D$5
x3
0
37,5
$E$5
x4
0
35
Constraints
Cell
Name
Cell Value
Formula
Status
$F$8
14000 $F$8<=$G$8
Not Binding
$F$9
100 $F$9<=$G$9
Binding
$F$10
4225 $F$10<=$G$10
Not Binding
$F$11
4000 $F$11<=$G$11
Binding
$F$12
35 $F$12<=$G$12
Binding
$B$5
x1
0 $B$5>=0
Binding
$C$5
x2
10 $C$5>=0
Not Binding
$D$5
x3
37,5 $D$5>=0
Not Binding
$E $5
x4
35 $E$5>=0
Not Binding
Adjustable Cells
Final
Reduced
Objective
Cell
Name
Value
Cost
Coefficient
$B$5
x1
0
-1,428571429
200
$C$5
x2
10
0
280
$D$5
x3
37,5
0
170
$E $5
x4
35
0
250
Constraints

48

Slack
1000
0
375
0
0
0
10
37,5
35
Allowable
Increase
1,428571429
38,75
14,8
1 + 30

Allowable Decrease
1E+30
5
2
26,42857143

Final
Reduced
Objective
Allowable
Allowable
Value
Cost
Coefficient
Increase
Decrease
$F$8
14000
0
15000
1E+30
1000
$F$9
100
44,28571429
100
8,75
17,5
$F$10
4225
0
4600
1E+30
375
$F$11
4000
3,142857143
4000
525
350
$F$12
35
26,42857143
35
2,5
35
:
1. ;
2. ; ;
3. 5 ;
4. 10;
5. 10 ;
6. 200 ,
;
7. 300
;
8. ,
, 20 , 35 200 .
;
.
Cell

Name

2: (3 )
(, , ). 200, 150 100
. .
100 .
.

/ ( )
2,5
2
1,2

/ ( )
3
2,5
1,5

( 1, 2, 3, 4)
. .
40 . ( )
, .

1
4
7
2

2
5
6
3

3
6
5
4

4
7
4
5

( )

1200

1800

1500

1700

, 1 4 7 2
. .
.
.

3: (3 )
Metal Detection Corporation (MDC)
( ).
3 .
MDC .
, 1
:

1%

0,05%

0,2%
( ),
.
30, , 250
150.
MDC , , 750.000

.

250.000
50%.

, 3%, 2% 1% .

49

 , 0,75%, 0,04% 0,175%

.
. .
. MDC; ;
. , (
) 1,8 . ;

2009
: . .
1: (4 )
Galaxy
, 1, 2, 3 4.
3000
. , .
25 27 150 .
40 .
,
, .
:

1
10
2,5
0,9
0,8
2
9
2
0,8
0,9
3
8
3
0,6
0,6
4
11
2,5
0,7
0,8
, , 1 50%
, 40% . ,
1000 .
160 2.
. :
1= 1
2= 2
3= 3
4= 4
=
: : =10 1 + 92 + 33 + 114 -150

50

 :
1. ; ;
;
2. ; ;
3. 2 5 ;
4. 20
;
5. 2 40 ,
;
6. 200 ,
;
7. 2 ;
8. , 5, 3,5 , 0,5
0,9 . 5 12. ;
.

2: (3 )
.
15 . ,
200.000 . , 5.
.
22 19.
.

10.000
0,2
15.000
0,4
20.000
0,2
25.000
0,2

1.
2.

15.000
0,2
20.000
0,5
25.000
0,2
30.000
0,1

.
;

51

3.

, 40.000,
; ;

3: (3 )
(, , , , ) (1, 2, 3) .

. 1 ,
.
1

35
25
30
40
50

2000
3000
1800
2500
1900

2 ,
,
.
2

( )
1
2
3
30
35
25
40
30
35
25
30
25
15
20
30
20
25
20
60
40
70
4.500
4.000
3.500
15.000
12.000
18.000

.

.
.

2010
: . , .
1: (3 )


.
, . 2.800
3.000.
.
, 40%
50 60% 150,
40%
0, 40% 100
20% 200.
, ,

.
50%
200.
,
60%
50 40% 150, ,
60% 0 40% 100.
52

 , 30% 10 70%
150, 20%
0, 40% 100 40% 200.
1. .
2. ,
; ;

3. 80. ,
;
2: (4 )

. ,
8 .
,
, .
.

1
4%

0
4%
2
5,2%

1
0
5,2%
+
3
7,1%

25%
7,1%
4
10%

30%
10%
5
8,2%

1
20%
8,2%
+
6
6,5%

1
15%
6,5%
7
20%

65%
20%
8
12,5%
C

40%
12,5%
100.000.
:
1. .
2. 7,5% .
3. 50% ( )
4. 40% .
5. 30.000 .
,
.
:
Solver :
Target Cell (Min)
Cell
Name
$J$5
Adjustable Cells
Cell
Name
$B$4
x1
$C$4
x2
$D$4
x3
$E$4
x4
$F$4
x5
G$4
x6
$H$4
x7
$I$4
x8
Constraints
Cell
Name
$J$9
$J$10
$J$11
$J$12
$J$13
$B$4
x1
$C$4
x2
$D$4
x3
$E$4
x4
$F$4
x5
$G$4
x6
$H$4
x7
$I$4
x8

Original Value
0
Original Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cell Value
100000
7500
77333,33
40000
30000
17333,33
12666,67
0
22666,67
47333,33
0
0
0

Final Value
16266,67
Final Value
17333,33
12666,67
0
22666,67
47333,33
0
0
0
Formula
$J$9=$K$9
$J$10>=$K$10
$J$11>=$K$11
$J$12>=$K$12
$J$13<=$K$13
$B$4>=0
$C$4>=0
$D$4>=0
$E$4>=0
$F$4>=0
$G$4>=0
$H$4>=0
$I$4>=0

Status
Not Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Binding
Binding

53

Slack
0
0
27333,33
0
0
17333,33
12666,67
0
22666,67
47333,33
0
0
0

Adjustable Cells
Cell
Name
$B$4
$C$4
$D$4
$E$4
$F$4
$G$4
$H$4
$I$4
Constraints
Cell
$J$9
$J$10
$J$11
$J$12
$J$13

x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
Name

Final
Value
17333,33
12666,67
0
22666,67
47333,33
0
0
0
Final
Value
100000
7500
77333,33
40000
30000

Reduced
Cost

Objective
Coefficient
0
0
0,05
0
0
0,01
0,02
0,02

Shadow
Price
-0,07
3,33
0
0,04
-0,1

Allowable
Increase
0,01
0,005
1E+30
0,00
0,00
1E+30
1E+30
1E+30

0
0
0,25
0,3
0,2
0,15
0,65
0,4
Constraint
R.H. Side
100000
7500
50000
40000
30000

Allowable
Increase
4634,15
520
27333,33
21111,11
17333,33

Allowable
Decrease
0,005
0,01
0,05
0,01
0,005
0,01
0,02
0,02
Allowable
Decrease
6341,46
380
1E+30
28888,89
6333,33

:
1. .
2. Solver (Excel), ;
;
3. 3;
4. 30% ,
;
5. 25.000
;
6. 60%
;
7. 4 26%
;
8. 9%,
.
;
.
.

54

 3: (3 )
(, , , ).
,
.
3 .

1
2
3

500
700
650

. ,
. 4 365 .
,
. .

( . )

130
200
47
65
75

2,3
2,8
2
1,3
0,8

( . )
1
1,4
0,9
0,4
0,3

.
,
.

2010
: . , .
1:(3 )
, ,
. , 90
.
, ,
( ) :
19.000
9.500 .
2.800
( ) :
-39
-62
-46
:
-3,1 , 2 1
-2,6 1
-1,6 3
( ) :
-8 3.280
-5 1.530
-7 1.120
, :
-13.000
-8.000
-4.000
365
,
, (
).
.

2: (4 )
, super, super .
, . 1 ,
, .

55

120
900
1000

90
800
1200

130
1000
700

. 2
, , .
2

Super
94
1200
800

92
1000
1100
Super
96
1100
500

.
:
:
ij= I j.
i=, , j=1, 2, 3
H Solver :
Target
Cell
(Max)
Cell
Name
$K$5
Adjustable Cells
Cell
B$4
$C$4
$D$4
$E$4
$F$4
$G$4
$H$4
$I$4
$J$4
Constraints
Cell
$K$7
$K$8
$K$9
$K$10
$K$11
$K$12
$K$13
$K$14
$K$15
$B$4
$C$4
$D$4
$E$4
$F$4
$G$4
$H$4
$I$4
$J$4
Adjustable Cells

Original Value
0

Name
XA1
XA2
XA3
XB1
XB2
XB3
X1
X2
X3

Original Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Name

Cell Value
1000
1200
700
1300
1100
500
35600
0
12000
500
0
500
155
1045
0
645
55
0

XA1
XA2
XA3
XB1
XB2
XB3
X1
X2
X3

Cell
$B$4
$C$4
$D$4
$E$4
$F$4
$G$4
$H$4
$I$4
$J$4
Constraints
Cell
$K$7
$K$8
$K$9

Final Value
650000

Name
XA1
XA2
XA3
XB1
XB2
XB3
X1
X2
X3

Name

Final Value
500
0
500
155
1045
0
645
55
0

Final Value

Formula
$K$7<=$L$7
$K$8<=$L$8
$K$9<=$L$9
$K$10>=$L$10
$K$11>=$L$11
$K$12>=$L$12
$K$13>=$L$13
$K$14>=$L$14
$K$15>=$L$15
$B$4>=0
$C$4>=0
$D$4>=0
$E$4>=0
$F$4>=0
$G$4>=0
$H$4>=0
$I$4>=0
$J$4>=0

Status
Binding
Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding

Reduced
Cost

Allowable Increase

500
0
500
155
1045
0
645
55
0

Final Value
1000
1200
700

Objective Coefficient
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Shadow
Price
300
400
200

300
100
200
400
200
300
200
0
100
Constraint R.H. Side

Allowable Decrease

0
0
100
0
210,52
0
0
0
0
Allowable
Increase

1000
1200
700

56

Slack
0
0
0
500
0
0
35600
0
12000
500
0
500
155
1045
0
645
55
0

0
1E+30
0
0
0
1E+30
0
0
1E+30

Allowable
Decrease
1E+30
8900
1E+30

500
155
500

$K$10
$K$11
$K$12
$K$13
$K$14
$K$15

1300
1100
500
35600
0
12000

0
-200
-100
0
0
0

800
1100
500
0
0
0

500
163,15
500
35600
25800
12000

1E+30
1100
500
1E+30
2200
1E+30

:
1. .
2. ;
3. 300 ,
;
4. 200 ,
;
5. super 100 ,
;
6. 150 ,
;
7. 200 ,
;
.

3: (3 )

3.200 YOGHURT . , ,
.
20.000 40 % 2 ,
70% 4 .
50% 5 . ,
5 ,
. 2 25% .
, .
1.
.
2.
, ;
3.


-30780

(bonus)

-30800
-30820

-30840
.
-30860

-30880
,
-200
-150
-100
-50
0




;

2011
1: (4 )
350 .
6 .

:
10 365 .
1000 .
40% .
900 .
5% .
70% .
0,25 800 . 30
.
0,20 750 .
25 .

57

 .
100 .
10
.

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:

58

 .
:
1. .
2. ;
;
3. 330 ;
4. 80%
;
5. 90 ;
6. 850 ;
7. 650 ;
8. 28 ;
2: (3 )
.
. 100.000.
40% 400.000.,
30% 100.000, 30%
.
, 2.500.
.
47%. ,
.
(47%)
(53%)

70%
10%

20%
40%

10%
50%
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.

;

2000 ; ,
;

3: (3 )
(1, 2, 3)
. 1 1000
, 2 600 , 3 700 .
, , ,
(1, 2, 3). ,
( ) (1, 2, 3) (1, 2, 3) :

1
2
3
1
20
20
30
2
30
40
22
3
30
35
25
59

, . , 1
1200 , 2 900 3 700
.
,
(1, 2, 3) . ,
5
, . ,
(1, 2, 3) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
.

( /)

( /)

1
2
3
1
300
2000
500
280
2
400
3000
600
400
220
3
600
5000
350
800
4
800
10000
540
1200
5
1000
15000
840
340
,
. , .
. ,
.

,
,
.
.

2012
1

.
,
, .

(/)

1
160

2
180

3
200

(/)

21

26

30

(./.)

3,5

4,25

1
2
3
(/)
15.000 ,
250 . 100 .
(1) .
10.
.

x1= 1
x2= 2
x3= 3
Solver :
Target Cell (Max)
Cell
Name
Original Value
Final Value
$F$6
0
17800
Adjustable Cells
Cell
Name
Original Value
Final Value
$B$5
x1
0
60
$C$5
x2
0
20
$D$5
x3
0
0
Constraints
Cell
Name
Cell Value
Formula
Status
Slack

60

$F$8
$F$9
$F$10
$F$11
$B$5
x1
$C$5
x2
$D$5
x3
Adjustable Cells
Cell

Name

$B$5
x1
$C$5
x2
$D$5
x3
Constraints
Cell

Name

$F$8
$F$9
$F$10
$F$11

13200
250
100
40
60
20
0
Final
Value
60
20
0

$F$8<=$G$8
$F$9<=$G$9
$F$10<=$G$10
$F$11>=$G$11
$B$5>=0
$C$5>=0
$D$5>=0
Reduced
Cost
0
0
-26

Final
Value
13200
250
100
40

Not Binding
Binding
Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Not Binding
Binding
Objective
Coefficient
210
260
300

Reduced
Cost
0
64
18
0

Objective
Coefficient
15000
250
100
0

1800
0
0
40
60
20
0
Allowable
Increase
12,86
160
26
Allowable
Increase
1E+30
32,14
15,38
40

Allowable
Decrease
80
13,68
1E+30
Allowable
Decrease
1800
33,33
16,67
1E+30

:
1. .
2. ; ;
3. ; ;
4. (2) 3 / (
2) 400. ; , ;
;
5. 20.000 .
;
6. 30 ..
;
7. 10 .
;
8. 4, 3 . , 2
, 140 25 /. ; .
.
2
. ( )
: , . :
1.
2.
1 700 . 2 1200 . 1 (
) 2 ( ) 3 ( )
1. 0,50 km.
1 :
(km)

15

30

10

15

25

. ,
.
.
2.

61

 2 :

(/)

(/)

(/)

3850
12
1000
2

1150
16
500
3

1920
6
1300
.
.
3
.
, .
. 450
. , 30
. , 60%
( 6 ) 40% ( 30
).
.
90.
80% 20%
.
, 80% .
, 80% .

,
;

,
20, ; ,
;

62


JAVA
2004
: .

Java:
Class Versicler {
int unprime;
Versicler () {unprimed = 10; }
Versicler (int v0) { unprimed = v0; }
int m() { return 35; }
int t () { return 2; }
}
class Unworker extends Versicler {
static int count = 5;
Unworker () { count += 8; }
int m() { return 14; }
int n() { return unprimed; }
}
class Exam {
public static void main (String args [] ) {
int precourse = 4;
int i = 1;
int rigidity = 4;
while ( i < 12 ) {
i = i + 2;
precourse = precourse + 1;
}
for ( i = 1; i < 12; i = i + 2)
rigidity = rigidity + 1;
int coohe = 6;
try {
coohe = 13;
if ( coohee == 13)
throw new Exception ();
coohee 23;
} catch (Exception e ) {
coohee = 16;
}
Versicler y = new Versicler (3);
Versicler z = new Versicler ();
Versicler w = y;
Unworker x = new Unworker ();
Versicler u = y;
Unworker v = x;
int nundine = 10;
int gurnard = z.m () + 2 * x.m () + 3 * x.t ();
int musefully = y.unprime;
nundine = 21;
if (w.unprime ! = y.unprime)
nundine + = 1;
else
nundine + = 10;
String s = unignored + metamery;
int intrapial = s.substring (1, 11) .length();
int acervulus = Unworker.count;
int beetled = 23;
Versicler r = new Unworker ();
beetled = r.m ();
int trullan = 26;
boolean array [] = new Boolean [17];
try {
if (array [27])
trullan = 54;
else
trullan = 40;
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
trullan = 31;
}
}
}

1. coohee:
A. 6
B. 16

C. 13

D. 23

2. musefully:
A. -10 B. 10

C. 0

D. 3

3. acervulus:
A. 13 B. 5

C. 21

D. 0

4. gurnard:
A. 41 B. 34

C. 63

D. 69

5. rigidity:
A. 4
B. 10

C. 11

D. 9

6. precourse:
A. 9
B. 10

C. 4

D. 11

7. intrapial:
A. 9
B. 11

C. 12

D. 10

8. trullan:
A. 54 B. 40

C. 31

D. 26

9. nundine:
A. 1
B. 10

C. 22

D. 31

10. beetled:
A. 0 B. 23

C. 14

D. 35

1
0.25 .

63

 2005
: .
class Exam {
static boolean ba[] = new boolean[6];
public static void main(String args[]) {
int lunula = 12;
for (int i = 3; i < 11; i += 1)
if (i % 3 == 1)
lunula = lunula + 2;
int upglean = upslant(4, 9);
String s = "alfet";
s += "ceras" + "alfet";
int chinaware = (s.substring(1, 8) + s).length();
int bedstock = 6;
try {
bedstock = 10;
if (bedstock == 10)
throw new Exception();
bedstock = 20;
} catch (Exception e) {
bedstock = 15;
}
Bitted y = new Bitted(2);
Bitted z = new Bitted();
Bitted w = y;
Samantha x = new Samantha();
Bitted u = y; Samantha v = x;
int megachile = 11;
int powerless = z.m(16) - 2 * x.m(18) - 3 * x.t();
int peccable = y.kangaroo;
megachile = 23;
if (w.kangaroo != y.kangaroo)
megachile += 2;
else
megachile += 12;
int archwise = Samantha.count;
int drumming = 26;
int ai = 0;
ba[ai++] = false; ba[ai++] = true; ba[ai++] = true;
ba[ai++] = true; ba[ai++] = true; ba[ai++] = true;
for (int i = 0; i < ba.length - 1; i++) {
if (!ba[i]) drumming += 11;
if (ba[i] || ba[i + 1]) drumming += 9;
if (ba[i] && ba[i + 1]) drumming -= 3;
}
int unhumble = 25;
Bitted r = new Samantha();
unhumble = r.m(17);
}
private static int upslant(int a, int b) {
int loc1 = a;
int loc2 = b;
return (3 * loc1 + 2 * loc2 * loc2);
}
}
class Bitted {
public int kangaroo;
Bitted() {kangaroo = 11; }
Bitted(int v0) { kangaroo = v0 + 1; }
public int t() { return 2 * 2; }
public int m(int v) { return 31 - v; }
}
class Samantha extends Bitted {
public static int count = 5;
Samantha() { count += 7; }
public int m(int v) { return v - 13 * 2; }
}

64

 2010
Java
import java.io.*import java. util.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
class Exam{
public static void mai (String args[]){
HashMpa<String.Integer>+;
+=new HashMap<String, Integer>();
int prune= 22+26/26+81%26, sharper=20;
Mirrorize b = new Mirrorize(1);
Mirrorize c = new Mirrorize();
Mirrorize d = b;
Phytonomy a = Phytonomy (6)
Mirrorize u = b; Phytonomy v = a;
int garboil = 11
int messianic = c.m(16)-2*a.n(16)-3*a.get_val();
+put("Knyaz", 17);+.put("ionicize",6);
+put("Sharps",28); +.put("unrococo",12);
int mescal=+.get("ionicize")*St t.get("unrococo")*3++.get
("knyan")*2++.get("shaves")/2;
int reflog=b.get_val();
garboil=23+b.get_val();
if (d.get_val()!=b.get_val()) garboil +=4;
else garboil+=12;
String S="unwhite"+"grubworm"+"phimotic";
int dian=(s.substring(1,10)+S+S).length()/2;
Sharper+=xmlCheck("calabrese>yashiro</itchiness",5);
Sharper+=xmlCheck("calabrese>hendianys<calabrese>",10);
Sharper+=
xml Check("<calabrese>itchiness>lampyris</intchiness></calabrese",14);
int twattling=12;
for(int i=7-2; i<15+2, i++)
switch(i){
case 6 : case 15: case 16;
twattling*=2;break;
case ID: case 14:
twattling*=3;break;
default
twattling++;break
}
int lushai+Phytotomy.om+a;
int foreu++er=25;
Mirrorize r=new Phytonomy(6);
foreutter+v.m(21);
}
Static int xmlCheck (String s.inti){
try{//
DocumentBuilder db=
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().new DocumentBuilder();
// XML
db.parse(newInputsource(new StringReader(s)));
} catch (Exception e){
return i;
}
}
}
class Mirrorize{
private int ipecac;
Mirrorize(){ipecac=-11;}
Mirrorize (int vo){ipecac=v0+2;}
public int get_val() {return 2*ipecac;}
public int m (int v){return 37*v;3}
}
class Phytonomy extends Mirrorize{
public static int anta=3;
Phytonomy(int cherubim)} anta+=cherubim;}
public int m(int v) {return v+15*2;}
}

65

.
garboil i)33 ii)41 iii)23 iv)6
twattling 152, 20, 151, 153
dian 28, 27, 29, 26
lushai 3, 9, 15, -9
erune 26, 20, 2, 24
reflog -11, 6, 11, 0
messianic 500, 566, -26, -56
foreutter 51, 58, 0, 25
sharper 21, 16, 2, 11
messal 114,195, 31, 178

0.25 .


2006
1

: . .

. .
.

2
-. ,
, 2 3 .
(
-), :
.

A
B
C

4
2
3

, ( ) 5
, :

1
2
3
4
5

A
20
25
30
15
35

B
21
24
29
51
22
C
19
43
32
41
21

,
.
. (greedy)
. .
. ,
. .
(2 ).

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0,100
0,100
0,300
0,500
0,300
0,110
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0,300
0,800
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0,400
0,200
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0,900
0,700
0,900
0,800
0,500
0,990
0,100
0,700
0,100
0,600
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0,300
0,200
0,200
0,700

5 ,
. ,
5 5 ,
.
( ). ( ) 5
:
1 = 5
2 = 7
3 = 10
4 = 8
5 = 6
C= 20 .
. (greedy)
. .
. ,
Tabu Search .
.
To Tabu List 1.

1 .
.

( ).

66

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0,700
0,200
0,800
0,100
0,200
.
.

0,500
0,800
0,400
0,500
0,300
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0,300
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0,500
0,600
0,200
0,100
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0,700
3, ;

2007
: .

1. (3,5 )
.

. ,
,
.
.
.
:

5
(A ) 10 :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

72
36
89
46
130
56
61
35
34
56

31
140
79
63
78
31
25
92
128
29

56
53
45
88
25
44
33
37
74
46

78
68
28
42
141
72
45
78
28
89

160
86
74
71
137
83
61
89
179
91

95
41
34
122
39
52
54
22
45
23
1.
2.

. . (2 )
,
. .
. (1,5 )

2. (4 )
1.
2.
3.

( ) Tabu Search
. . (1 )
Tabu Search.
. (2 )
Variable Neighborhood Descent. (1
)

3. (2,5 )
courier .
( 0),
.
.
, t. t=0, ,
1 2 : (0, 1, 2, 0).
t 0 3. ,
.

67

tij
0
1
2
3

0
0
120
80
100

1
120
0
100
40

2
80
100
0
80

3
100
40
80
0

, t, 3 ,
.
3 .

2008
: .
1. (4 )
.
, . ,
. : 8.00-10.00 10.0012.00 12.00-14.00 14.00-16.00 16.00-18.00 18.00-20.00.
:

1 5 6

2 3 5

3 2 6 7

4 7

5 1 2 6 8 9

6 1 3 5 9 10

7 3 4 10 11 12

8 5

9 5 6 10

10 6 7 9

11 7

12 7 14

13 14 15

14 12 13 15

15 13 14
o
. . (2 )
o
, .
. (2 )

2. (4 )
a.
. (1 )
b. Tabu Search
. (1 )
c. Tabu Search.
, .
. (2 )

3. (2 )
( 1) 18,000 lt ,
. :
( 1) .
.
.
:
1

21 56 89 56 25 64 41 48 55

9 10

21

56 29

89 34 32

56 52 72 36

25 36 56 64 29

64 12 64 81 55 40

41 55 81 95 47 56 29

48 35 89 99 65 62 31 11

29 34 52 36 12 55 35 67
0

32 72 56 64 81 89 26
0

36 64 81 95 99 18
0

29 55 47 65 39
0

40 56 62 46
0

29 31 43
0

11 46
0

36

10 55 67 26 18 39 46 43 46 36

( . lt) :

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

2
4
5
1
7
3
5
4
4
o
(1 )

68

(1 )

2010
1. (3,5 )
6 :

1
2
3
4
5
6

, ()
,
. .
, :

/
1

1
0
22
74
49
46
2
0
70
44
79
66
3
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70
0
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42
4
74
44
0
73
58
5
49
79
38
73
0
6
46
66
42
58
0
) (3 )

1. (1, 4, 5),
2. (move) :
,
3.
,
4. ,
5.
6. .
Simulated Annealing .
.
( 0
1).

0,500

0,800

0,200

0,150

0,500

0,550

0,600

0,766

0,555

0,453

) (0,5 )
(1, 4, 5) .
2. (3,5 )
, 8
. , ,
, 8 (
).
.


.

.
3. (3 )
) (2 )
TSP.
2-opt ( ) S

.
500
69

() S S F(S)
F(S) . S
S 500 .

.

) (1 )

Simulated Annealing Basic VNS.

2010
1.(3 )
, , (slots)
.
: .
() (slots)
. ,
slots .
36 (7-2)
. 36 36 slots.
. ,
3 36 slots.
(7-2).

3
1

1
2

4
3

3
4

5
5

1
6

2
7

1
8

2
9

5
10

3
11

6
12

36
.
2. (3 )
,
8 . ,
, , 8
(
).

.


.

70

3. (4 )
( 1) 18,000 lt
, .
- ( 1) .
- .
-
.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
0
21 56 89 56
2
21 0
29 34 52
3
56 29 0
32 72
4
89 34 32 0
36
5
56 52 72 36 0
6
25 36 56 64 29
7
64 12 64 81 55
8
41 55 81 95 47
9
48 35 89 99 65
10 55 67 26 18 39
( lt) :

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2 4 5 1

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36
56
64
29
0
40
56
62
46

64
12
64
81
55
40
0
29
31
43

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7

7
3

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55
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95
47
56
29
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46
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5

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35
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99
65
62
31
11
0
36
9
4

55
67
26
18
39
46
43
46
36
0

10
4

1.
(1 ).
2.
(1 ).
3. 3.1, .
(2 ).

2011
1 (3 .)
( 1`) 18.000 lt
, . :
( 1) .
.
.
:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1

21

56

89

56

25

64

41

48

55

21

29

34

52

36

12

55

35

67

56

29

32

72

56

64

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26

89

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32

36

64

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47

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64

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46

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11

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55

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71

 ( lt) :

2
2

3
4

4
5

5
1

6
7

7
3

8
5

9
4

10
4

.
(1.5 )
.
. , ,
(1.5 )

2. (3 .)
Tabu Search.
, .
.

3.(4 .)
, ,
.
.
supermarket

Tk: 200.
k= , k=1,2
i= , i=1,2,..6. .
/ i k , .
i: k .
Pik: / k
Li= i
Ui= i .

No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
No.5
No.6

3
4
7
2
5
4

ai
20
40
30
50
20
50

Pik
100
800
300
700
200
400

Li
0
0
0
0
0
0

Ui
2
2
2
2
4
3

,
-
.
- i k Li Ui i
.
- i k .
.
.
(2 )
. 3.
(2 ).

72

 2012

1 (5 )

/ . ,
5 ( 2-6). , ,
, 8 .

,
, .

2 (5 )

( outsourcing )
9 . 18,000 lt .

( 1) .

.
( ):
1

10

26

56

89

56

25

27

28

48

55

26

29

34

52

36

32

55

35

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56

29

32

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64

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89

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34

32

36

64

81

95

99

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56

52

72

36

29

55

47

65

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25

36

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32

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55

40

29

31

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28

55

81

95

47

56

29

11

46

48

35

89

99

65

62

31

11

36

10 55 67 26 18 39 46 43 46 36
0
( lt) :

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
4
5
1
7
3
5
4
4
.
9 . . (2,5 )
. 500 (
).
50 500 .

2 (2,5 ).

73

2013

1 (7 )
, 20 , stock
, ,
. ,
, : p1=14, p2=8, p3=8, p4=9, p5=6, p6=9, p7=5, p8=15, p9=6, p10=7, p11=7.
(
20 ).
. .
. .

2 (3 )

4 : , , .
, .
4 12.00, 14.00, 12.00
18.00. . .
12 .

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*
*
*
*
*
*
*
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*

*
*
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*

*
*
*
*
*

. .

74

 &
2005
: . . ( 2 3 )
1.

2.

3.

site Internet
. 5 Porter
,
.
(case studies) (Lion Hellas, Everest).
Nolan, ( ) .
,
( ).
CRM , (Loyalty
Scheme System). .
CRM.

( 2 3 )
1.
2.
3.

" ";
;
Just-In-Time (JIT);
;

2006
: . . ( 2 )
1.
2.

3.

.. (EIS) .
( ) 4 EIS.
ERP EDI.

. 3
2 ...
:
(EDI).
. .
( ) .

( 2 )
1.
2.
3.

;
;
; ;
; ;

;

2009
: . . (3) (4)
1.

2.

3.
4.

(4) :
(project manager), (business consultant), (functional consultant)
(software engineer). . (5)
( ) :

: e-mail

: report (packing list)

:
:

(3) (assignments) .
; ;
;

75

 2010
: . (3) (4)
1.

2.

3.

4.

.
CFID .
/ ( ) ;
.
. ( ) ( )
.
.
/
.

.
.
.

2011
: . (3) (4)

1
. ,
internet.

2 () .

.
,
.

3 (Business Intelligence) .

.
(data mining)
internet.

4 M ERP
-.
.. , .

2012
: . (3) (4)

1
/ //
() ( ).
(EIS)
.

2

. , (project)
.
(5)
.
.

3
()
.
(6)
.
2 ,
.

76

.

.
- - - .

2012
1
( ).
. (2) (7)
: , , .
2
().
RFID POS (Point of - Sales) out of self
. .
RFID reader .
3
(
2) ()
.
.. , .
(3)
..
4
(8) .

.

- .

2013
3 4 .
1
super market (loyalty card) ,
( POS)
. /
(data mining).
2
/ .. (EIS)
.
/ . 4
.
3
ERP .

. (3)
..
.
4

( )
.
( ) .

77


2009
: .
1 ( 30)
1

(m)

(a)

14
20

14
17

15
15

25
28

,
24
27

10
11

28
30

20
25

17
19

15
20

,
12
18
.
, PERT:
1) .
2) , , 95 .
3) , , 98 .
4) 90%.

(b)
26
20
15
31
30
12
32
30
24
25
24

2 ( 30)
1 . 2.
1
2

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

:
1)
2)

5
4
10
7
3
7
12
6
10
4

.
:
) E, F, H, J.
B) E, H, D, I.

3 ( 40)
3

()
()
(. /)
A
4
3
50

3
2
80

5
4
54

4
3
70

,
12
10
97

10
9
95

,
7
5
60

15
10
68

6
5
72

,
8
6
52

6
5
85
() = 10.000 + 70.000 .
:
1)
.
2)
, ( ) (-)
. ; ( )

78


2006
: .

1 70%
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
.
;
.
, / ;
; 3 ;

2 - 30%
6 , - .
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

4 :
.
.
.
.
16 :
.
.
. &
.
:
. -
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
;
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.

2006
1.
2.
3.

. .
. .

2007
4 5
1. .
.
2. ,
.
3. .
.

79

4.
.
5. .

2008
.
1. , management ,
;
.
2. .
.
.
.
. . ,
( ).
9 4 .
. -
.
, .
.
2 , ,
.
.
3. ;
4. ;

2008
.
1. ( ) 3 .
.
2. .
3. .

Gallup.

382 . , , . , 24%

, . ,
.
,
. ,
, , ,
. 11%
. ,
, ,
, .

4. , ,
- (
);

80

 2009
.
1)
2)
3)
4)

. ,
. .
;
.
.

. (..
, , ...),
. , (hope), (optimism),
- (thriving), - (engagement)
(Positive Organizational Behavior POB). POB
. Wikipedia Its focus is on strengths and on building the best in the workplace under the
assumption
that
goodness
and
excellence
can
be
analyzed
and
achieved.
, ,
; .

2010
on-line (15% ):

. (1.5 ):
1. ,
.
.
.
.
.
2. (work engagement)?
.
.
.
.
3. Belbin, 5 ( 8 )
.
.
.
: ( - 7 )
1. (contextual performance)
(organizational citizenship behaviour) ;
;
2. .
;
3. manager
, ;
; .

2010
1. / .
;
2. 4 5 managers (79%) .
. 26%
,
. ,
.
3.
.
4. , - ,
. ,
more with less. , -
.
5. , ,
, .

81

 2011
.
1. .

-.
2. . ,
, // .
3. . ; ;
, ; , .

2012

. (1,5 ) :
1. ;



-
2. .

-

3. .

: ( -5,5 )
1. () (IQ) . .
2. " , , .
. ,
, . , ,
, ,
".
,
.
3. (work engagement) .
(work-aholism).

82

 &
2009
: .
1
java servlet HOTEL_CODE
. servlet 3-tier 2-tier .
;

2
:
: . .
.
-marketing: .
: .
(use case diagram) (class diagram).
;
) online .
) offline .

3
JSP servlets;
() () ;

2010
.
web-site
. site
. site
, . login,
.
1 (use-case diagram), (class diagram)
(component diagram) .
. (3-tier ).
2 servlets , servlet
.
3 session ; .
session;
4 servlets jsp, components (
1) ; jsp ;

2010
1) Java Servlet STUDENT_ID
. . servlet
. servlet 3-tier 2-tier . .:
Java.
2)
, (GPS). , ,
.
.
) Internet.
) Internet.
3) , 2.
.

83

 2011
1:
Java servlet web-site
.
.
.
. servlet 3-tier
2-tier . (:
). HTML servlet ;
: java.

2:

.
(GPS).
.
.
:
. internet
. internet.
.

3:
(use-case diagram), (class diagram)
(component diagram) () 2.
. .

2011
site . site
.
. ,
.
.

1
(class diagram) (component diagram) .

2
Java servlet
ShowPersonalizedOffers. servlet
. servlet 3-Tier .
servlet servlet PrintListServlet
.

3
.
(smartphone iPhone, Android, ...)
. Ajax ; ,
;

2012

1
web-site
. .
.
. (login)
, . Java servlet
. servlet 3-tier
2-tier . (:
). HTML servlet ;
: java

2

(GPS).
. ,
facebook account .
:

84

. application
. browser

3
, () 2.
.
.

2013
, .
, , (Google maps), .
, ,
.
, ,
.
1
(class-diagram) (component-diagram) .
.
. app
web browser;
2
java servlets , servlet
.
. link
,
. likers Facebook
.
3
jsp .
. javascript ;

85

 &
2006
: . (3) .
1
() , , .

1(1)
5(2)
3(3)
S
6(4)

6(2)
4(3)
1(1)

() , .
a\b\c , a , b
c ( ). 2
.

5/7/4

1/6/2

1/3/1
4/2/1
5/3/1

1/5/4
2

4/5/3

.
, . ()
() i j cij,
.

3
, .
max
7x1+6x2+5x3+4x4+3x5
8x1+6x2+5x3+2x4+2x516
5x1+7x2+6x3+4x4+2x517
x1,,x5 {0,1}

4
10 8, , . 5 7 ,
. . ,
.
, , , ,
. , 5 , 3
. .

3(5)
1(3)

5(5)
2(2)

1(2)
2(2)
-

() . ()
, (i) min cx x=b, Ixu, (ii) min cx x=0, Ixu ()
. .

86

 2007
: . . (4) .
1
3 , 9 .
pij (pij=pji) i j. ,
pij i j. pij
.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

0.4

0.3

0.8

0.4

0.5

0.9

0.2

0.7

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.5

0.9

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.6

0.7

0.3

0.2

0.7

0.4

0.7

0.3

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.3

, 3 ,
.

2
1, 2 3 .
1 2. .
1
2
3
4
5
3
1
6
2
7
2
, , .
, .
1-2
2-3
1-3
14

10

(a) .
(b) 1 2 8, ;

3
5 . ,
, , .

1
2
3
4
5
9
6
7
4
8

5
2
4
3
4

8
10
9
12
7

10
(
) 20. ;
4
,
. .
\
1
2
3
4
5
8
5
3
12
7

7
6
11
4
5

10
8
4
5
6

7
9
6
8
5

, .

5
() ,
.
,
s t.
() , ei
pi.
s t.
pi=p ;

2011
87

 1
, (server)
( ). (i,j), i (Gbytes/sec)
ij, ji j. ,
3 Gbytes/sec, 2 Gbytes/sec (
0 , .. (,). ,
(.., 2 /Gbytes/sec ).

()
()

G (Gbytes/sec); ;
6 Gbytes/sec G ;

2
,
3000 . , ,
.

Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
()
14
22
17
15
20
()
500
400
500
600
400
, 3 .
, .

3
() , v1
v9. v1-v3
v1-v9.
() , .
() (v3,v2) (v4,v5) (. v2
), -7 -8 .
v1-v8.

v3

v5

4
.
a,,e 1,,5 (
).
() ;
() (
),
.
() ( ),

( ).

88

 &
2006

: .

1 :
.
. ( holt) 10.
8 90%. 2. 90%=
1,98. 0.

2 :
(VMI)
Bullwhip;
;

3 :
10 ( 0,001%). ;
;

4 :
.
;

2010
.
1
.
; ,
( ).
.
2
VMI/CRP .

.

;
3
bullwhip; VMI/CRP
; ;
4
; ,
;

89

 ( )
2004
: . ERIC SODERQUIST

ERIC SODERQUIST
: , (50%)
. , ,
)
) .
,
, . ;
.

2004
ERIC SODERQUIST
;
;

. ( ).
;

2008
1.
2.

3.
4.

5.

(50%) - ERIC SODERQUIST

enablers ; .

.
.
;
.

. ; ( ) competing on the edge
.

.

2010
: (50%) .
A. 2 (3 )
1. 4 .
.
2. ,
.
3. , (learning objects)
. ,
.
4. , (2)
Ostroff FORD(1989) (3)
.
. (4 )

. ,
?

Maslow
.
.
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .

90

 : (50%) .SODERQUIST
1/5 .
1. 1 buckman.
, enablers
. .
Enablers=
2. .
. ? /
. 2 .
3. , , ,
.
4. /
.
5. cluster . cluster
( ) .

2012
: (50%) .
2 () () - 3
1. () () ()

()

2. 6 () bloom . ()
()

.
3. Cisco () 5
() () .
4. () 4 () .
4:
. ()
.
: (50%) .SODERQUIST
1.
. 3 3 enablers( )

()
()

. 2 , () .
2.
. 2 () 5 () ( ), () ()
.
. () . ()
()
3
. . ; 2 -
. .

2012
I: (50%)
. 2 (3 ):
1. 4 .
.
2. ,
.
3. , (learning options)
. ,
.
4. , (2)
Ostroff Ford (1989) (3)
.

91

. (4 ):
1.
. , ,
;
II:
(50%)
(3)
.
1/3
II.
.
1.

, " enablers*"

. .
*enablers =
2. ""


;
3.

,


.
4.

/
.

92


2007
: . - . 2 3
1.
2.
3.

. ;
. .
;
. (fit);

;

2008
: . 3
1. . ;
2. Greiner,
. (;)
3. . .

2010
.
1: () .
) (fit);
()
, ;
() . (4 )
2: Lewin . (3
)
3: Nadler Tushman 4 . .
(3 )
1

2011

. ;

Lewin .
.

; .

2011
1 (3 )
. ; .

2 (3 )

3 (4 )
.

2012
1 ;
.
2
.
3 .
.

93

 ( )
2007
: .
. 20% .

1 () , ()
() . ,
, .
. , .
. (,
, , , ).
,
.
, , . , ,
3000 .
.
,
.
,
.
/.
, , :
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() ( ., ...., .)
( - . . ).
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(1) . () ()
;
3)
.
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; ; ()
( ) ;

, ,
. ( )
.
.
, . ,
.
.
:
4) Kotter .
( ); .
5) ,
.
.
.
.

2008

1 : () , ()
() . / , , ,
. (logistics)
. , , ,
. : ,
, , .

.
.
,
.
.

94

 :
1). ; () ( ) ()
( ., ...., .)
( - . .
).
2).
/ .
/ . ()
() ; ( ).

2 ( 1)
.
.
. .
:
(1) ( )
; , .
(2) ; , ;
(3) ;
(4) ;
.
, .

2008
. .
() , () ()
. ,
, .
. , .
. ( ,
, , ).
,
.
. , ,
3000 .

.
.
.
.

, :
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(.,
...., .) ( - . .
).
2).
. / .
() ()
(1) .
3)
.

. . :
() , ,
() (
).
4). .
, , .
: ()
() ( ) ;
; () .
5) ,
Kotter. . : ()
, ; . ()
; .

95

 2011
. : 25% 12,5% .
, . !

:
1) :
a. , , .
b.
, .
( );
.
c. ; .
2) .
a. ; .
b.
( ., ...., .) ( /
- )
c. ;
;
3) :
a. ( Kotter)
b. ; ;
c. , ;
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. ; , .
5) .
a. ;
b. , ;
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1999, 24 ,
. , .
. ,
.
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,
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). .
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ISO 9001, HACCP
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.
, .
,
, , .
, .
. ,
.

, .
, .
. . .
cross selling, .
. ,
.

96

 ,
.
. (
) .
. ,
- .
, ,
. , .
.
, , ,
.
. .
, / ,
.
.
, .

, .
, .
.
,
. .
.
,
. ,
.
. .
.
.
. ,
. .
, .

97

 2012
. : 25% 12,5% .
, . !
:
6) :
a. , , .
b.
, .
( );
.
c. ; .
7) .
a. ; .
b.
( ., ...., .) ( /
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c. ;
;
8) :
a. ( Kotter)
b. ; ;
c. , ;
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. ; , .
10) .
a. ;
b. , ;
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1999, 24 , .
, .
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.
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.

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. . ,

98

 ,
.
. ( )
. .
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, . ,
. .
, , ,
. .
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.
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,
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.
.
,
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.
,
. , .
.
.
.
.
. , .
. ,
.

99

2008
: .

.
.

1 (20 ) data warehousing fact table

star snowflake OLAP.
.

2 (10 ) ETL .

3 (10 ) ( ) .
; , ;
A
B
C
D
Category

4 (10 )
pivoting, roll-up/drill-down ranking.
a1
b1
c1
d1
Y

5 (10 )
a1
b1
c1
d2
Y
( SQL) (ad hoc OLAP)
a2
b1
c1
d1
N
(
a3
b2
c1
d1
N
OLAP ).

a3
b3
c2
d1
N
6 (10 ) :
a3
b3
c2
d2
Y
1 = 4, 2 = 5, 3 = 6, 4 = 10, 5 = 13, 6 = 14, 7 = 21, 8 = 24, 9 = 25, 10 = 30
a2
b3
c2
d2
N

K-Means : 1= 1, 2= 8 3= 19.
a1
b2
c1
d1
Y
.
a1
b3
c2
d1
N
.
a3
b2
c2
d1
N

7 (20 )
a1
b2
c2
d2
N
. Bayes,
a2
b2
c1
d2
N
=a1, =b3 , C=c1, D=d2. .

a2
a3

b1
b2

c2
c1

d1
d2

N
Y

2010
() (, ,
...) .
.
1. (30 ) data warehousing fact table
- star snowflake- OLAP.
.
2. (10 ) --- etl . .
3. (10 ) OTLP( ) OLAP ()
4. (10 ) (SQL ) (ad hoc OLAP)
( OLAP )
5. (10 ) . OLAP ?
/ OLAP .

6. (10 ) 5 A, B, C, D, E.

7.
8.

TRANSACTION ID
ITEMS
t1
, , C, E
t2
A, B, D
t3
A, D
t4
B, C, D
t5
A, C, E
t6
A, B, D
t7
A, C, D
(10 )
(10 ) 10 : (1,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (5,3), (5,4), (6,1), (9,1), (9,2), (10,1).
(, ) (2 , 2) |2 1|+ |2-1|.
- MEANS 1=(4,1) 2=(5,2) 3=(7,1).
? [(=1,2,n xi/n), (i=1,2,n Yi)n] (xi,yi)
.

100


2008
: .
. .
1.

2.

3.

,
. 3
(
). ( );
2 , , ,
( ) .
.
;
;

2008
1.

2.

2 , ,
- ( ) .
.
( , .
) - .
.

2009
1.

2.
3.

( , .
) .
.
3 3 .
.
,
,
/. ; ; ;
.

2010
1.

2.

3.

,
. .
/ /
.
.
.

. /

2010
1.

2.

;

(, , ).
.
2 5
2 .
.

101

 2011

: . -
.
1. 2 , (
) ,
.
( ) .
.
2.
, . ;
/ ;
.
3. .
. .

2012
1) / .

. (
.)
2) .
( ) . .
3) ;
. ;
; .

2012
1.

.
. .
2. 2-3 / 5
. . /
;
3. ,
. 3
(
). / , .

102


2007
: .
(5) . .
1.

2.
3.
4.

5.

. PLAISIRONS, (
). . ,
. PLAISIRONS . .
(.. , .)
( ) PLAISIRONS. . PLAISIRONS .
.
( )
. ;
: -global ( multidomestic) .
( )
( )
.
Porter (..
).

2010
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

( )
.
()
() (
).
3. magnifico (, , )
, . ,
, 50 , . magnifico

() . magnifico
, .
4.
() () (software)

2011

( )
. ;

4 Porter ( )
. .

( ) ( ) :
(global) / (multidomestic) ,
.

;
. . (software)

103

 2011
1. ( )
.
2. ()
() (
).
3. Arrivederci (, , )
, . ,
, 50 , . magnifico
()
. magnifico
, .
4. () ()
( ).

2012

: .

1 :
. ; (3,5 ).
. ;
; (1,5 ).

2 :
. . (4 ).
. - -
(managers) ; (1 ).

3 :
. ;
; (3 ).
. ;
(2 ).

104


2010
: .
1

;
Sharpe Ratio ;
;
; ;
;
;
;
CML SML;
SML;
;

i) . 10%
5%.
;
ii) 2009 50000 . 20000
( 2000 ) 30000 (1000 ).
4000 1500 . 1000
. 2009;

i)
0,7.

6%.

16%
12%
:

14%
10%
i) A ii) B iii) iv) 60%

12%
8%
40% .
ii) H Value Line Investments Alpha 1,3.
CAMP 12 0,8 0,55.
Value Line.

) t1 80. market risk premium 5%. 30%

1,2. t0;
) (RM) = 16% , rf= 8% = 20%. RA = 12% , =1%
. SML;
)
CML ;

5
)

1
-20%

2
30%

3
50%

4
-10%

4 50.
)
) . ;
) ;
) ;
)
2
() = ;

5
6
9

105

1/3
1/3
1/3

4
7
10

 2012
: . . .

1
() 5 :

(%)

12

14

16

20

28
10%,
16% 6%.
:
() (CML)
()
() ;
() (diversification effect)

2
() Y (market risk premium) 7,5% (risk-free rate)
3,7%. Alpha Bank 14,2%. (beta coefficient)
.
() (security market line- SML);
()
. .

3
() : CVa = 0,24 CVb = 0,14. ()
; () ;
;
() (efficient market);
;

BG(British Gas)
0,93
0,25
Cadbury
0,81
0,35
Granada
1,36
0,20
Diageo
0,88
0,20
: ()
(CAMP), () .
(risk-free rate) 6% 17%
() , ;

5
() 0,6,
0,2. ,
0,2.
5%. 8%,
15%.
() ;
() ;
() ; (minimum variance portfolio)

106


2010
: .
1 (4 ) (cases).
400 (
):

400 /
400

(2)

5.25 (4)

(2)

. ,
:
1:
MPS-items
400

1
150

2
200

3
175
120
20

80

5
250
180

6
7
300
50
100
80

9
100
70

10
300

11
200

12

60

2: Lead times, lot sizing rules, on-hand inventory

400

(lead
time)
1
2

5.25

1
1
1

(lot sizing rule)

(n-hand inventory)

/
(SR)

Lot-for-lot
Fixed order
quantity = 800
Lot-for-lot
Safety stock = 100
Fixed order
quantity = 300
Lot-for-lot &
Min order quantity = 250
Lot size = 30
Safety stock = 300
Fixed order period = 2
Lot size = 40
Lot size = 80

400
600

300

200

200

1500

100
200
800

2 = 200
1 = 400
3 = 600

: MRP (
).

107

: 0
400
No.

: -
(Lead Time): 1
1
150

2
200

3
175

: -: Lot-for-lot
Safety stock: -5
250

7
300

9
100

10
300

11
200

12

400

Planned order receipt
Planned order release
: 1

: 400

(Lead Time): 2

No.

: x2
: FOQ 800
Safety stock: -5

10

11

12

11

12

600

Planned order receipt
Planned order release
: 1

: 400

(Lead Time): 3

No.

: x1
: Lot for Lot
Safety stock: 100
5

10

300

Planned order receipt
Planned order release
: 1

: 400

(Lead Time): 1

No.

: x1
: FOQ 300
Safety stock: -5

10

11

12

200

Planned order receipt
Planned order release
: 2

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

: x1
: Lot-for-lot
Min order = 250
Safety stock: -9
10
11

12

20
0

Planned order receipt
Planned order release
: 2
5.25

:

(Lead Time): 2

No.



Planned order receipt

1500

108

: x4
: Lot size (30 )
Safety stock: 300
6

10

11

12

Planned order release

: 2

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

10

11

12

: x1
: Lot size (40 )
Safety stock: -5

10

11

12

200
200

: 2

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

/


Planned order receipt
Planned order release

100

Planned order receipt

Planned order release
: 2

/


Planned order receipt
Planned order release

: x1
: Fixed order period (2 )
Safety stock: --

400

: x2
: Lot size (80 )
Safety stock: -5

10

11

12

600

800

2 (2 ) 1: .

.
: 2

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

/



Planned order receipt
Planned order release

10

11

12

200
200

: 2

:

(Lead Time): 1

No.

/



Planned order receipt
Planned order release

: x1
: Lot size (40 )
Safety stock: --

1
400

: x2
: Lot size (80 )
Safety stock: -5

10

11

12

600

800

2: ; (: ,
).

3 (2 ) .
10 . 15

109

180,000

355,000

150,000

500,000

100,000

()

58,000

400,000

105,000

200,000

78,000

1. : ( - )
2. .
3.
4. ;

4 (2 )
ERP.
)
) Navision ;
) ?

2011
: .

1 (5 )
(cases). 11
(
):

11 /

.
,
.
1:
MPS-items

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
11
150 200 175
250
300
100 300 200

120
180
50
70

50
100
80
120
50
2: Lead times, lot sizing rules, on-hand inventory
E

(SR)
(lead time)
(lot sizing rule)
(on-hand
inventory)
11
1
Lot-for-lot
400
-

110

5.25

1
2

1
1

Fixed order
quantity = 800
Lot-for-lot
Safety stock = 100
Fixed order
quantity = 300
Lot-for-lot &
Min order quantity = 250
Lot size = 30
Safety stock = 300
Fixed order period = 2

Lot size = 40
Lot size = 80

600

300

200

200

1500

100

200
800

2 = 200
1 = 400
3 = 600

: MRP (o
).
: 0
: -: -11

: Lot-for-lot
(Lead Time): 1
Safety stock: - .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
150 200 175
250
300
100 300 200

400

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 1
: 11
: x2


: FOQ 800
(Lead Time): 2
Safety stock: - .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

600

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 1
: 11
: x1


: Lot for Lot
(Lead Time): 3
Safety stock: 100
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

300

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 11
: x1
: 1

111

(Lead Time): 1

1 2 3 4 5 6

20

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 2

200

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 2
5.25

7 8 9

1
0

1
1

1
2

:

(Lead Time): 1
2
3
4
5

1500

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 2

100

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release

: FOQ 300

Safety stock: --

:

(Lead Time): 2
2
3
4
5

(Lead Time): 1
2
3
4
5

12

: x4
: Lot size(30 )
Safety stock: 300
7
8
9
10
11
12

: x1
: Lot-for-lot
Min order = 250
Safety stock: -8
9
10
11

: x1
: Fixed order period(2
)
Safety stock: -7
8
9
10
11
12

112

: 2
()
.

/

200

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release
: 2

.

/

800

Planned order
receipt
Planned order
release

:

(Lead Time): 1
2
3
4
5

: x1
: Lot size(40 )
Safety stock: -7
8
9
10
11
12

: x2
: Lot size(80 )
Safety stock: -7
8
9
10
11
12

200

400

:

(Lead Time): 1
2
3
4
5
600

2 (3 )
) , , 1/1/2010.
180.000. 21.200,
2.300, 10.000, 16.000, 3.000
9.000. 2.000, 900
500. 300.

1.000. , 500.
31/12/2010
.
) 31/12/2010
:
20.000, 80.000,
5.000. 7.000 700.
276.000 50.000.
24.000, 3.300,
20.000, 14.400. 20.700
30.500.
200.000,
40.000, 85.000, 300,
50.000 500.

3 (2 )
) ;
) ; (
)
) ;
) ;

113


2012
: .
1
3 3 . 3 ,
0,7 0,3 .
5 ;
2
() (. ) , .
. 1 3
.
() , , 40 ;
() , ,
50%; .
3
, '', '' ''.
, , 1/3. ,
2/3 .
.
() 20 , ;
() ;
4
,
. .

1
2
3
4
5

0,1
0,3
0,2
0,2
0,2
.
, .

() 3 ;
() =100 =80, ;

114


2012
: . .
1
1. (basis risk) ?
2. put option : ,
, .
3. forward future . ?
4. (at-the-money option)
(in-the-money option).
5. / (long & short call option)
/ (long & short put option).
(premium) (strike) K.
6. (Initial Margin) (Variation Margin)
(Futures)
7. ;
;
8. short put long call.
9. ,
.
10. ; (Swaps)
ZHTHMA 2o
1. $500/, () $700
10%. (arbitrage) , ;
.
2. (call option) , (strike price) $45,
$3 (put option) , $40, $4.
(maturity).
, , .
3
1. 52. 6-
9% 6% . 12%. put option 55
;
2. 1.000.000 03/01/2012, 1.000 1.000 .
100. 03/01/2017.
. 10%.
-/ -, -;
.
. 5%. .
;
. ,
(&). , ;
4
1. 10 ., 7 .

6,0%
LIBOR+ 0,1%

7,4%
LIBOR+ 0,6%
.
0,1% .
2. Bear Spread (puts).
(. )

115


2012
: .
1
.

(. ), (.
) .
2
;
3
) (Integrated Marketing Communications);
) ;
.
4
(lose - win)
.
5
(. ) )
/ , )
;
, , (. )
.
6
, ,
(CRM)
.
7
)
;
)
; .
8

.

(. ) .
9
(role playing)
. , ,
( ).
,
.
10

.

(. ).

116

 &
&
2012
: . .
1
.
: i) , ii) , iii) , iv) .
80, 500, 3000 .
.
2
(courier services) .
, (vehicle routing)
(facility location) .
3
()

1. 2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
1

( / )
:
0,1*t
C(t)=1000+100*2
( t )

3. 3 .
(.)

60

50

55

40

50

40

60

30

58

20

62

60

:
1) 1.
2)
. .
: .

117

118