Bronfenbrenner's Theory

Home Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice Questions

This activity contains 25 questions.

Systematic change in the mental processes that
underlie all learning and performance is referred to
as:

moral maturation.

cognitive development.

social-emotional development.

intellectual development.

According to Piagetian theory, cognitive
development is influenced by all of the following
EXCEPT:

perception.

reasoning.

verbal facilities.

language.

In Piagets theory of development, mental
processing is considered to be constrained by two

influences:

mental maturity and life opportunities.

physical maturation and schooling.

cognitive schemes and disequilibrium.

assimilation and accommodation.

When a child repeatedly taps the stuffed toy in her
bed to make it play music, the child has reached
which substage of the sensorimotor period?

reflex modification

primary circular reactions

secondary circular reactions

tertiary circular reactions

Which of the following advancements would be new
to a child reaching the preoperational stage?

The ability to consider multiple aspects of a problem.

The ability to consider past and present activities.

The ability to experiment with circular reactions.

The ability to calculate probabilities.

According to Piaget, the middle childhood years
bring a new set of skills, concrete operations, that:

build on and expand development in fine and gross motor capabilities.

facilitate emotional development as the child resolves common cultural

demands and tasks.

reduce anxiety in children at this stage by distorting reality to assist them in
understanding.

provide general, abstract rules and strategies for examining and interacting
with the world.

In contrast to the elementary school child, an
adolescent who has developed formal operational
thought can:

think about possible outcomes.

think systematically about the future.

imagine future consequences of her actions.

do all of the above.

According to Vygotsky, cognitive development
depends on:

environmental pressure.

mental maturity.

social interactions.

genetics.

Vygotskys emphasizes the importance of a more
experienced other who serves as a guide to provide
_____ for the learner.

questioning

scaffolding

disequilibrium

motivation

The task that an individual can accomplish only
with the assistance of a more experienced person
represents the learners:

area of cognitive dissonance.

zone of proximal development.

learning opportunity.

point of disequilibrium.

Which educational psychologist would most likely submit the following personal
ad? I like long conversations with one other person who allows me to learn at my
peak ability. I enjoy doing the crossword puzzle with someone who is slightly better
than I am so I can learn from their skills. I frequently talk aloud to myself and
appreciate when others do the same. If interested in providing me with support,
and being supported in return, please respond to this ad.

Piaget

Vygotsky

Freud

Skinner

Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal all by
himself. When Mommy starts to pour the milk he
puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, No, ME
do it! Sammy is MOST LIKELY in Eriksons ____

stage, and is approximately ___ years old.

trust vs. mistrust; 3

initiative vs. guilt; 3

autonomy vs. shame and doubt; 2

industry vs. inferiority; 1

According to Erikson, successful resolution of the
identity vs. role confusion conflict faced in
adolescence leads to which of the following virtues?

a sense of purpose

feelings of competence

the ability to commit oneself

investment in future generations

Susans children are all married and living a good distance from home. Susan
works as a legal secretary, and most of what she earns goes into college funds for
her 2 grandchildren. Her own children lead busy lives, with friends and work
activities occupying most of their time, so Susan volunteers one evening each week
at the Childrens Hospital, reading bedtime stories to the young children there.
Susan is BEST classified as fitting into Eriksons ________ stage.

intimacy vs. isolation

generatively vs. stagnation

integrity vs. despair

identity vs. role confusion

According to Erikson, ____ is the ability to fuse

ones identity with someone elses without fear
youre going to lose yourself.

trust

identity

intimacy

post-formal thinking

Rachel joined the Olympic gymnastic team when she was 13. She has been a
gymnast all of her life and has not considered other options. Now, at the age of 26,
Rachel has severely injured her knee and can no longer compete. She finds that she
doesnt have an identity beyond that associated with gymnastics. Which of the
following statements would Erikson most likely make?

Rachel can now resolve the crisis of identity achievement; it doesnt matter
when it happens.

Rachel missed her opportunity to reach identity achievement and there is
little hope for her to lead a normal life.

Rachel can skip the stage of identify achievement and lead a normal life.

Rachel developed a maladaptive identity in her teens and needs to take time
with a counselor to resolve the identify crisis.

According to Bronfenbrenners ecological
perspective, the influence of important social forces
on a person who has no direct contact with them
represents the:

microsystem.

mesosystem.

exosystem.

chronosystem.

Consider the educational trends discussed in
Chapter 1. Which of Bronfenbrenners systems
influenced incremental trends that continue to
increase, such as information?

mesosystem

exosystem

macrosystem

chronosystem

A child has a good day at school and goes home and
shares that excitement with his or her parents. This
represents the influence of which system?

microsystem

mesosystem

exosystem

macrosystem

A child who says it is wrong to steal because she
might get caught would be in Kohlbergs ______
stage.

punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)

instrumental hedonism (stage 2)

good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)

authority and social order maintaining morality (stage 4)

A teenager who begins using alcohol because all his
friends are doing it is probably in Kohlbergs _____
stage.

punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)

instrumental hedonism (stage 2)

good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)

authority and social order maintaining morality (stage 4)

Critics of Kohlberg claim that his theory reflects all
of the following EXCEPT:

a cultural bias.

an age bias.

a liberal bias.

a gender bias.

At what level of moral development are the rules
and standards of society internalized and held as
ones own?

preconventional

conventional

postconventional

autonomous

Recent research involving Kohlbergs and Piagets
theories of moral reasoning suggest that:

there is no relationship between level of cognitive development and moral
reasoning.

they underestimated childrens moral reasoning capabilities.

they overestimated childrens moral reasoning capabilities.

they focused too much attention on childrens actions in a moral situation.

Carol Gilligan claims that men and women score at
different levels on Kohlbergs moral dilemmas
because:

males operate on the basis of a morality of justice and females do not.

Freud was right: Females are less morally mature.

Males are more concerned with the needs of others.

Males reason about real life dilemmas while women reason about
hypothetical moral issues.

Your Results for:
"Multiple Choice
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Summary of Results
8% Correct of 25 Scored items:
2 Correct: 8%
23 Incorrect: 92%
More information about scoring

1.
Systematic change in the mental processes that underlie all learning and
performance is referred to as:
Your Answer: social-emotional development.

Correct Answer: cognitive development.

2.
According to Piagetian theory, cognitive development is influenced by all
of the following EXCEPT:
Your Answer: reasoning.

Correct Answer: language.

3.
In Piagets theory of development, mental processing is considered to be
constrained by two influences:
Your Answer: assimilation and accommodation.

Correct Answer: mental maturity and life opportunities.

4.
When a child repeatedly taps the stuffed toy in her bed to make it play
music, the child has reached which substage of the sensorimotor period?
Your Answer: reflex modification

Correct Answer: secondary circular reactions

5.
Which of the following advancements would be new to a child reaching
the preoperational stage?
Your Answer: The ability to calculate probabilities.

Correct Answer: The ability to consider past and present activities.

6.
According to Piaget, the middle childhood years bring a new set of skills,
concrete operations, that:
Your Answer: reduce anxiety in children at this stage by distorting
reality to assist them in understanding.
Correct Answer: provide general, abstract rules and strategies for
examining and interacting with the world.

7.
In contrast to the elementary school child, an adolescent who has
developed formal operational thought can:
Your Answer: imagine future consequences of her actions.

Correct Answer: do all of the above.

8.
According to Vygotsky, cognitive development depends on:
Your Answer: genetics.

Correct Answer: social interactions.

9.
Vygotskys emphasizes the importance of a more experienced other who
serves as a guide to provide _____ for the learner.
Your Answer: questioning

Correct Answer: scaffolding

10.
The task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a
more experienced person represents the learners:
Your Answer: point of disequilibrium.

Correct Answer: zone of proximal development.

11.
Which educational psychologist would most likely submit the following
personal ad? I like long conversations with one other person who allows
me to learn at my peak ability. I enjoy doing the crossword puzzle with
someone who is slightly better than I am so I can learn from their skills. I
frequently talk aloud to myself and appreciate when others do the same. If
interested in providing me with support, and being supported in return,
please respond to this ad.
Your Answer: Piaget

Correct Answer: Vygotsky

12.
Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal all by himself. When Mommy
starts to pour the milk he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, No,
ME do it! Sammy is MOST LIKELY in Eriksons ____ stage, and is
approximately ___ years old.
Your Answer: trust vs. mistrust; 3

Correct Answer: initiative vs. guilt; 3

13.
According to Erikson, successful resolution of the identity vs. role
confusion conflict faced in adolescence leads to which of the following
virtues?
Your Answer: feelings of competence

Correct Answer: the ability to commit oneself

14.
Susans children are all married and living a good distance from home.
Susan works as a legal secretary, and most of what she earns goes into
college funds for her 2 grandchildren. Her own children lead busy lives,
with friends and work activities occupying most of their time, so Susan
volunteers one evening each week at the Childrens Hospital, reading
bedtime stories to the young children there. Susan is BEST classified as
fitting into Eriksons ________ stage.
Your Answer: identity vs. role confusion

Correct Answer: generatively vs. stagnation

15.
According to Erikson, ____ is the ability to fuse ones identity with
someone elses without fear youre going to lose yourself.
Your Answer: trust

Correct Answer: intimacy

16.
Rachel joined the Olympic gymnastic team when she was 13. She has been
a gymnast all of her life and has not considered other options. Now, at the
age of 26, Rachel has severely injured her knee and can no longer
compete. She finds that she doesnt have an identity beyond that
associated with gymnastics. Which of the following statements would
Erikson most likely make?
Your Answer: Rachel developed a maladaptive identity in her teens and
needs to take time with a counselor to resolve the identify
crisis.

17.
According to Bronfenbrenners ecological perspective, the influence of
important social forces on a person who has no direct contact with them
represents the:
Your Answer: microsystem.

Correct Answer: exosystem.

18.
Consider the educational trends discussed in Chapter 1. Which of
Bronfenbrenners systems influenced incremental trends that continue to
increase, such as information?
Your Answer: mesosystem

Correct Answer: chronosystem

19.
A child has a good day at school and goes home and shares that
excitement with his or her parents. This represents the influence of which
system?
Your Answer: macrosystem

Correct Answer: mesosystem

20.
A child who says it is wrong to steal because she might get caught would
be in Kohlbergs ______ stage.
Your Answer: punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)

21.
A teenager who begins using alcohol because all his friends are doing it is
probably in Kohlbergs _____ stage.
Your Answer: punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)

Correct Answer: good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)

22.
Critics of Kohlberg claim that his theory reflects all of the following
EXCEPT:
Your Answer: a cultural bias.

Correct Answer: an age bias.

23.
At what level of moral development are the rules and standards of society
internalized and held as ones own?
Your Answer: autonomous

Correct Answer: postconventional

24.
Recent research involving Kohlbergs and Piagets theories of moral
reasoning suggest that:
Your Answer: there is no relationship between level of cognitive
development and moral reasoning.
Correct Answer: they underestimated childrens moral reasoning
capabilities.

25.
Carol Gilligan claims that men and women score at different levels on
Kohlbergs moral dilemmas because:
Your Answer: Freud was right: Females are less morally mature.

Correct Answer: males operate on the basis of a morality of justice and
females do not.

Multiple Choice Quiz
(See related pages)

1

Which of the following provides the best example of
the microsystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's
ecological theory?
Need a Hint?

A)
Students interact directly with their teacher.

B)
A parent attends a parent-teacher conference
without the student.

C)
Local government approves increased funding for
public school libraries.

D)
Society progresses toward acceptability of females
serving in more administrative roles in the schools.
2

The link between the home and the school is an
example of a:
Need a Hint?

A)
Microsystem

B)
Mesosystem

C)
Exosystem

D)
Macrosystem

E)
Chronosystem

3

The school board passes a new rule that limits the
number of students allowed in each classroom in order
to enhance teacher-student relationships. This is an
example of which environmental system?
Need a Hint?

A)
Microsystem

B)
Mesosystem

C)
Exosystem

D)
Macrosystem

E)
Chronosystem

4

Which of the following provides the best example of
the macrosystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's
ecological theory?
Need a Hint?

A)

B)
A parent attends a parent-teacher conference
without the student.

C)
Local government approves increased funding for
public school libraries.

D)
Society progresses toward acceptability of females
serving in more administrative roles in the schools.
5

Which of the following is the final stage of
development, as proposed by Erikson?
Need a Hint?

A)
Autonomy versus shame and doubt

B)
Trust versus mistrust

C)
Integrity versus despair

D)
Identity versus identity confusion

6

According to Erikson's life-span development theory, at
approximately what age does a person undergo the
stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
Need a Hint?

A)
The first year

B)
The second year

C)
Age 6 to puberty

D)
Adolescence

7

On the basis of Erikson's life-span development theory,
which of the following strategies would best enable a
teacher to stimulate identity exploration in adolescents?
Need a Hint?

Encourage individuals to express their views freely.
A)

B)
Structure activities around success rather than
failure.

C)
Provide opportunities for fantasy play.

D)
Evaluate students' opinions carefully and critically.

8

Children are most likely to have high self-esteem and
get along well with their peers when raised with which
of the following styles of parenting?
Need a Hint?

A)
Indulgent

B)
Neglectful

C)
Authoritarian

D)
Authoritative

9

Researchers who study peer relations among children
have noted that "popular" children typically display
which of the following characteristics?
Need a Hint?

A)
They listen carefully.

B)
They are conceited.

C)
They engage in delinquent behavior.

D)
They are aggressive.

10

Of the following activities, which is most
"developmentally appropriate" for school children
between 5 and 8 years of age?
Need a Hint?

A)
Highly structured activity

B)
Reading silently while sitting at a desk

C)
Teacher-directed lesson

D)
Pursuit of student-selected project

11

Which of the following actions by teachers would most
likely increase the self-esteem of an elementary school
child?
Need a Hint?

A)
Complimenting the student for being polite toward
others

B)
Criticizing the student for making a mistake on a
homework assignment

C)
Punishing the student for interrupting somebody
else

D)
Showing little interest in the student's work

12

Which of the following statements best describes a
student with identity diffusion?
Need a Hint?

A)
The student has explored career paths and made a
commitment toward a goal.

B)
The student has accepted someone else's idea for a
career path and made a commitment toward that
goal.

C)
The student has not explored career paths and lacks
a goal.

D)
The student has explored career paths but has made
no commitments toward any path.
13

Alina, a high school student, loves to work with
computers. She is also very active in student
government. She would like to pursue a career that
involves interacting with people. She is considering
careers in computer programming and computer sales,
as well as careers in politics and law. She hopes to
make a final decision by the end of this school year.
Which of the following labels best describes Alina's
identity status?
Need a Hint?

A)
Identity diffusion

B)
Identity moratorium

C)
Identity achievement

D)
Identity foreclosure

14

A high school student who feels it is wrong to cheat
because if he gets caught he will be sent to the office is
revealing which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?
Need a Hint?

A)
Preconventional

B)
Conventional

C)
Postconventional

15

An individual in the conventional level of Kohlberg's
theory would turn to which of the following when
making a moral decision?
Need a Hint?

A)
Family expectations

B)
Potential punishment involved

C)
Individual values

D)
Personal needs and desires

16

An individual in the postconventional level of
Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following
when making a moral decision?
Need a Hint?

A)
Family expectations

B)

C)
Individual values

D)
17

Kohlberg's second level of morality, reflecting an
internalization of standards created by other people in
society, is called:
Need a Hint?

A)
Preconventional

B)
Conventional

C)
Midconventional

D)
Postconventional

18

Individuals who evaded the draft due to fear for their
lives would be considered ______; while those who did
so out of principles of peace would be ______.
Need a Hint?

A)
preconventional; postconventional

B)
conventional; preconventional

C)
postconventional; conventional

D)
conventional; postconventional

19

Mr. Johnson utilizes an activity within his social studies
class that involves students volunteering in the
community. Students are given the option of helping
the elderly, working in a hospital, or assisting Habitat
for Humanity. This is a good example of:
Need a Hint?

A)
Character education

B)
Values clarification

C)
Cognitive moral education

D)
Service learning

20

Kohlberg and Gilligan have proposed theories of moral
development. Kohlberg's focuses on ____; Gilligan's
focuses on _____.
Need a Hint?

A)
justice; care

B)
care; justice

C)
rightness; wrongness

D)
relationships; abstract reasoning

21

Researchers have found that in some ethnic groups,
aspects of the authoritarian parenting style may be
associated with:
Need a Hint?

A)
Pro-social behaviors

B)
Identity diffusion

C)
Positive child outcomes, such as high academic
achievement

D)
Enhanced language development

22

All of the following statements are true concerning
rejected children EXCEPT:
Need a Hint?

A)
They can be trained to interact more effectively
with their peers.

B)
They are infrequently nominated as a best friend.

C)
They are often actively disliked by their peers.

D)

23

The current controversy about early childhood
education is largely comprised of three groups:
advocates of a constructivist approach, advocates of an
instructivist approach, and:
Need a Hint?

A)
advocates of programs that emphasize children's
intellectual development

B)
Advocates of home-based programs

C)
Advocates of culture-based curriculum

D)
Advocates of authoritarian instruction

24

The NAEYC states that standards in early childhood
education are useful when they:
Need a Hint?

A)
Guide disciplinary consequences for children

B)
Are developed by local governments

C)
Emphasize developmentally appropriate content

D)
Are used to rank and place children

25

A child's low self-esteem may be caused by:
Need a Hint?

A)
Competence in an area

B)
Family conflict

C)
Emotional support

D)
Social approval

26

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to improve
students' self-esteem?
Need a Hint?

A)
Develop children's coping skills.

B)
Provide emotional support.

C)
Help children identify and achieve their goals.

D)
Offer verbal praise regardless of the quality of
student performance.
27

Research shows that family management practices such
as ________ have a positive impact on students' grades
and self-responsibility.
Need a Hint?

A)
varying children's bedtime routine

B)
exhibiting low expectations for achievement

C)
establishing routines for homework

D)
hiring others to handle household chores

28

Which of the following female student groups has the
lowest high school graduation rate?
Need a Hint?

A)
African-American

B)
Latina

C)
non-Latino White

D)
Asian

(See related pages)

Results Reporter
Out of 28 questions, you answered 6 correctly with a final grade of 21%

6
correct
(21%)

22
incorre
ct
(79%)

0
unans
wered
(0%)

Your Results:
The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .

1
INCORRECT

Which of the following provides the best example of the microsystem,
as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?

A)

B)
A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the
student.

C)
Local government approves increased funding for public school
libraries.

D)
Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in
more administrative roles in the schools.

2
INCORRECT

The link between the home and the school is an example of a:

A)
Microsystem

B)
Mesosystem

C)
Exosystem

D)
Macrosystem

E)
Chronosystem

3
INCORRECT

The school board passes a new rule that limits the number of students
allowed in each classroom in order to enhance teacher-student
relationships. This is an example of which environmental system?

A)
Microsystem

B)
Mesosystem

C)
Exosystem

D)
Macrosystem

E)
Chronosystem

4
INCORRECT

Which of the following provides the best example of the macrosystem,
as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?

A)

B)
A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the
student.

C)
Local government approves increased funding for public school
libraries.

D)
Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in
more administrative roles in the schools.

5
INCORRECT

Which of the following is the final stage of development, as proposed
by Erikson?

A)
Autonomy versus shame and doubt

B)
Trust versus mistrust

C)
Integrity versus despair

D)
Identity versus identity confusion

6
INCORRECT

According to Erikson's life-span development theory, at approximately
what age does a person undergo the stage of autonomy versus shame
and doubt?

A)
The first year

B)
The second year

C)
Age 6 to puberty

D)
Adolescence

7 CORRECT

On the basis of Erikson's life-span development theory, which of the
following strategies would best enable a teacher to stimulate identity
exploration in adolescents?

A)
Encourage individuals to express their views freely.

B)
Structure activities around success rather than failure.

C)
Provide opportunities for fantasy play.

D)
Evaluate students' opinions carefully and critically.

8 CORRECT

Children are most likely to have high self-esteem and get along well
with their peers when raised with which of the following styles of
parenting?

A)
Indulgent

B)
Neglectful

C)
Authoritarian

D)
Authoritative

9
INCORRECT

Researchers who study peer relations among children have noted that
"popular" children typically display which of the following
characteristics?

A)
They listen carefully.

B)
They are conceited.

C)
They engage in delinquent behavior.

D)

10
INCORRECT

Of the following activities, which is most "developmentally
appropriate" for school children between 5 and 8 years of age?

A)
Highly structured activity

B)
Reading silently while sitting at a desk

C)
Teacher-directed lesson

D)
Pursuit of student-selected project

11
INCORRECT

Which of the following actions by teachers would most likely increase
the self-esteem of an elementary school child?

A)
Complimenting the student for being polite toward others

B)
Criticizing the student for making a mistake on a homework
assignment

C)
Punishing the student for interrupting somebody else

Showing little interest in the student's work
D)

12
INCORRECT

Which of the following statements best describes a student with
identity diffusion?

A)
The student has explored career paths and made a commitment
toward a goal.

B)
The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path
and made a commitment toward that goal.

C)
The student has not explored career paths and lacks a goal.

D)
The student has explored career paths but has made no
commitments toward any path.

13
INCORRECT

Alina, a high school student, loves to work with computers. She is also
very active in student government. She would like to pursue a career
that involves interacting with people. She is considering careers in
computer programming and computer sales, as well as careers in
politics and law. She hopes to make a final decision by the end of this
school year. Which of the following labels best describes Alina's
identity status?

A)
Identity diffusion

B)
Identity moratorium

C)
Identity achievement

D)
Identity foreclosure

14
INCORRECT

A high school student who feels it is wrong to cheat because if he gets
caught he will be sent to the office is revealing which level of
Kohlberg's moral reasoning?

A)
Preconventional

B)
Conventional

C)
Postconventional

15
CORRECT

An individual in the conventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn
to which of the following when making a moral decision?

A)
Family expectations

B)

C)
Individual values

D)

16
INCORRECT

An individual in the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory would
turn to which of the following when making a moral decision?

A)
Family expectations

B)

C)
Individual values

D)

17
INCORRECT

Kohlberg's second level of morality, reflecting an internalization of
standards created by other people in society, is called:

A)
Preconventional

B)
Conventional

C)
Midconventional

D)
Postconventional

18
CORRECT

Individuals who evaded the draft due to fear for their lives would be
considered ______; while those who did so out of principles of peace
would be ______.

A)
preconventional; postconventional

B)
conventional; preconventional

C)
postconventional; conventional

D)
conventional; postconventional

19
CORRECT

Mr. Johnson utilizes an activity within his social studies class that
involves students volunteering in the community. Students are given
the option of helping the elderly, working in a hospital, or assisting
Habitat for Humanity. This is a good example of:

A)
Character education

B)
Values clarification

C)
Cognitive moral education

D)
Service learning

20
INCORRECT

Kohlberg and Gilligan have proposed theories of moral development.
Kohlberg's focuses on ____; Gilligan's focuses on _____.

A)
justice; care

B)
care; justice

C)
rightness; wrongness

D)
relationships; abstract reasoning

21
INCORRECT

Researchers have found that in some ethnic groups, aspects of the
authoritarian parenting style may be associated with:

A)
Pro-social behaviors

B)
Identity diffusion

C)
Positive child outcomes, such as high academic achievement

D)
Enhanced language development

22

INCORRECT All of the following statements are true concerning rejected children
EXCEPT:

A)
They can be trained to interact more effectively with their peers.

B)
They are infrequently nominated as a best friend.

C)
They are often actively disliked by their peers.

D)

23
INCORRECT

The current controversy about early childhood education is largely
comprised of three groups: advocates of a constructivist approach,
advocates of an instructivist approach, and:

A)
advocates of programs that emphasize children's intellectual
development

B)
Advocates of home-based programs

C)
Advocates of culture-based curriculum

D)
Advocates of authoritarian instruction

24
INCORRECT

The NAEYC states that standards in early childhood education are
useful when they:

A)
Guide disciplinary consequences for children

B)
Are developed by local governments

C)
Emphasize developmentally appropriate content

D)
Are used to rank and place children

25
CORRECT

A child's low self-esteem may be caused by:

A)
Competence in an area

B)
Family conflict

C)
Emotional support

D)
Social approval

26
INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT a strategy to improve students' self-
esteem?

A)
Develop children's coping skills.

B)
Provide emotional support.

C)
Help children identify and achieve their goals.

D)
Offer verbal praise regardless of the quality of student
performance.

27
INCORRECT

Research shows that family management practices such as ________
have a positive impact on students' grades and self-responsibility.

varying children's bedtime routine
A)

B)
exhibiting low expectations for achievement

C)
establishing routines for homework

D)
hiring others to handle household chores

28
INCORRECT

Which of the following female student groups has the lowest high
school graduation rate?

A)
African-American

B)
Latina

C)
non-Latino White

D)
Asian

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Flashcards
Crack the Cases

_______ refers to all of the
characteristics of a person.

A) The self

B) Self-concept

C) Identity

D) Personality

2 INCORRECT

At approximately what age does rudimentary self-understanding
(self-recognition) first take place?

A) 6 months

B) 18 months

C) 24 months

D) 36 months

3 INCORRECT

Preschoolers most often describe themselves in terms of their:

A) thoughts.

B) physical characteristics.

C) emotions.

D) relationships to other people.

4 UNANSWERED

Lauren is 4 years old. What would Lauren MOST likely say if
you asked her to describe who she is?

A) "I am quiet, nice, and friendly."

B) "I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle."

C) "I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in
art."

D) "I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of
William."

5 INCORRECT

Jaymon is a third-grader and has been asked by his teacher to
describe himself. What is the MOST likely description Jaymon
will give?

A) "I have a dog."

B) "I have blue eyes."

C) "I am friendly."

D) "I am strong."

6 INCORRECT

The ability to understand another person's thoughts and feelings
is:

A) self-awareness.

B) perspective taking.

C) self-control.

D) love.

7 CORRECT

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are
MORE likely than children in early childhood to:

A) compare themselves to their peers.

B) compare themselves to role models.

C) use physical characteristics to describe themselves.

D) use outer states to describe themselves.

8 CORRECT

Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the
different domains of an individual's life?

A) self-concept

B) self-esteem

C) self-awareness

D) self-control

9 INCORRECT

If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at age 10, 20,
30, and 40, where are they likely to find the MOST self-concept
stability?

A) between the ages of 10 and 30

B) between the ages of 20 and 30

C) between the ages of 20 and 40

D) There will be little change in self-concept over the life
span.

10 INCORRECT

Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as
a motivation to look back and evaluate their life. This form of
retrospection is what many theorists call:

A) life review.

B) identity resolution.

C) integrity formation.

D) retrospective spirit.

11 CORRECT

Which is the LEAST likely outcome of life review?

A) increased fear of death

B) the discovery of the meaning of one's life

C) a new sense of self

D) an opportunity to share insights with significant others

12 CORRECT

Angela has been told that she is high in self-regulation. If this is
true, we would expect Angela to:

A) need therapy.

B) achieve her goals.

C) be overly controlled.

D) be rigid and inflexible.

13 CORRECT

Compared with earlier periods, adolescence is a time of:

A) increases in self-regulation.

B) decreases in self-regulation.

C) both increases and decreases in self-regulation.

D) stability in terms of self-regulation.

14 INCORRECT

According to Baltes, successful aging is based on selection,
optimization, and:

A) elaboration.

B) flexibility.

C) adjustment.

D) compensation.

15 CORRECT

Self-esteem is to _______ self-evaluation as self-concept is to
_______ self-evaluation.

A) global; domain-specific

B) personal; academic

C) subjective; objective

D) interpersonal; intrapersonal

16 INCORRECT

Susan Harter believes that the best way to enhance a child's sense
of self-esteem is to:

A) coach the child in his or her weakest area.

B) help the child recognize and value a strength he or she
already has.

C) point out that other children are not performing as well as
this child.

D) reinforce the child when he or she says positive things
about himself or herself.

17 CORRECT

Peter and Lynette want to help their daughter develop high self-
esteem. They should teacher her to:

A) turn to adults for help when faced with a problem.

B) ignore problems.

C) cope with problems.

D) turn her problems over to someone who is more advanced
at problem-solving.

18 INCORRECT

Authoritarian parents who have a lot of rules that restrict their
children's behavior tend to move children toward:

A) greater feelings of guilt.

B) having a weak conscience.

C) feelings of despair and stagnation.

D) a greater desire to take initiative over their dominating
parents.

19 INCORRECT

What does a child get from peers that he or she typically cannot
get from siblings?

A) a same-sex friend

B) a chance to share intimate feelings

C) an idea of how the child compares to other children the
same age

D) a view of what the world looks like from another person's
perspective

20 INCORRECT

As children transition from elementary school to middle school,
their self-esteem:

A) drops.

B) increases.

C) does not change for most children.

D) drops for girls but increases for boys.

21 INCORRECT

The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period:

A) of confusion during which youth are choosing between
attachment and autonomy.

B) when adolescents are actively making decisions about
who they want to be.

C) when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or
occupations.

D) of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and
determines an adolescent's identity status.

22 INCORRECT

According to Erikson, what must individuals achieve before they
can develop intimacy?

A) an identity

B) secure attachment

C) self-appraisal

D) commitment

23 INCORRECT

According to the contemporary view of identity development,
your sense of identity is determined:

A) with attachment during infancy.

B) by your choice of family lifestyle.

C) by resolving the identity crisis during adolescence.

D) during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and
old age.

24 CORRECT

Ramona's parents have decided that she will enroll in the state
college near their hometown. Ramona hasn't given much thought
to the issue and will probably do what they advise. According to
psychologist James Marcia, accepting her parents' advice will put
Ramona into:

A) identity diffusion.

B) identity foreclosure.

C) identity moratorium.

D) identity achievement.

25 INCORRECT

Ramon considered attending a technical college, but also
wondered about the value of getting a bachelor's degree from a
university. He finally decided to attend the technical college but
still wonders if his choice was correct. According to James
Marcia, Ramon is in a state of:



C) identity moratorium.

D) identity achievement.

26 INCORRECT

Researchers believe that adolescents who develop the most
positive sense of identity are ones who:

A) never enter into an identity crisis.

B) follow the "MAMA" (moratorium, achievement,
moratorium, achievement) cycle of identity.

C) reach identity foreclosure by age 16.

D) reach identity achievement by age 16.

27 INCORRECT

Jason was confused about whether to propose to his girlfriend.
After he proposed, he felt great and knew he had done the right
thing. As the wedding date approached, however, he was
overcome with doubt. He considered calling off the wedding but
did not. Today he is happily married and glad he made his
decision. Jason's experience is an example of:



C) the "MAMA" cycle of identity development.

D) the values-conflict tension in identity development.

28 INCORRECT

The term that James Marcia uses to refer to the part of identity
development in which adolescents show a personal investment in
what they are going to do is:

A) value.

B) desire.

C) commitment.

D) involvement.

29 INCORRECT

Asked whether they ever had doubts about their religion, four
students gave the following answers. Which of these students has
arrived at identity achievement?

A) Kristin: "Oh, I don't know. It really doesn't bother me. I
figure one's about as good as another."

B) Joe: "No, not really. Our family is pretty much in
agreement about these things."

C) Alicia: "Yes, I guess I'm going through that right now.
How can there be a god with so much evil in the world?"

D) Phil: "Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I've
pretty much resolved that by now, though."

30 INCORRECT

Autocratic parents are most likely to have adolescents
experiencing identity:

A) achievement.

B) moratorium.

C) foreclosure.

D) diffusion.

31 INCORRECT

According to Cooper and Grotevant (1989), both _______ and
_______ are important in the adolescent's identity development.

A) separation; conflict

B) individuality; connectedness

C) obedience; self-regulation

D) family; peer relations

32 INCORRECT

Most ethnic minority individuals first consciously confront their
ethnicity in:

A) early childhood.

B) middle childhood.

C) adolescence.

D) young adulthood.

33 INCORRECT

A contemporary criticism of Freud's developmental theory is that:

A) sexual development declines as we enter adulthood.

B) the superego does not fully develop until adulthood.

C) childhood experiences are not the only important
experiences in our life.

D) unresolved conflicts are not as important as once thought.

34 INCORRECT

Jennifer believes that each individual follows a unique path
toward the development of personality and that one's personality
is constantly changing across the life span. Her views are most
similar to:

A) Bandura

B) Erikson

C) Freud

D) Costa and McCrae

35 INCORRECT

35 Behavioral theories suggest that personality is:

A) situation specific.

B) composed of five basic dimensions.

C) fairly consistent over time and situations.

D) determined by the external environment.

36 INCORRECT

Which type of personality theories stress the person's capacity for
personal growth, freedom to choose one's own destiny, and
positive qualities?

A) social cognitive

B) psychoanalytic

C) behavioral

D) humanistic

37 UNANSWERED

Which of the following is one of Costa and McCrae's "big five"
personality traits?

A) sensitivity

B) masculinity/femininity

C) aggressiveness

D) extraversion

38 INCORRECT

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae determined that the "big five"
personality factors:

A) showed different patterns of development during middle
adulthood.

B) became the "big three" as adults matured.

C) go through a series of developmental stages.

D) remain relatively stable during the middle adult years.

39 INCORRECT

Evidence from an accumulation of studies indicates that the
midlife crisis is:

A) a universal phenomenon.

B) present in most individuals, but not all.

C) dependent on the cohort that is currently middle-aged.

D) exaggerated.

40 UNANSWERED

Hyun-Joo experiences great satisfaction through nurturing,
guiding, and teaching skills to her children. According to Erik
Erikson, Hyun-Joo is dealing successfully with which
psychological task?

A) industry versus inferiority

B) identity versus confusion

C) intimacy versus isolation

D) generativity versus stagnation

41 INCORRECT

Stage theories of adult development have been criticized for:

A) having a female bias.

B) not adequately addressing women's concerns about
relationships.

C) placing too much importance on childbearing and child
rearing.

D) not adequately addressing how men balance career and
family.

42 CORRECT

Regarding age changes in personality, Bernice Neugarten in the
Kansas City Study found that:

A) personality remains fairly constant, but age changes do
exist.

B) significant gender differences in personality were present,
but mostly at younger ages.

C) neurosis increases with age, but social inhibitions in
personality decline.

D) depression increases with age, but only in the personality
of elderly who are widowed.

What term is
used to
describe all of
the
characteristics
of a person?

A)
Self

B)
Self-concept

C)
Identity

D)
Personality

2 INCORRECT

Researchers study the self-understanding of infants by:

A)
questioning parents.

B)
observing infants during play.

C)
presenting infants with images of themselves.

D)
observing infants when they are alone in a room.

3 INCORRECT

Preschoolers most often describe themselves in terms of their:

A)
thoughts.

B)
concrete features.

C)
emotions.

D)
relationships to other people.

4 CORRECT

Lauren is 4 years old. What would Lauren most likely say if you asked her
to describe who she is?

A)
"I am quiet, nice, and friendly."

B)
"I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle."

C)
"I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in art."

D)
"I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of William."

5 INCORRECT

Jay is a third grader and has been asked by his teacher to describe himself.
What is the most likely description Jay will give?

A)
"I have a sister."

B)
"I have blue eyes."

C)
"I am funny."

D)
"I am tall."

6 CORRECT

The ability to understand another person's thoughts and feelings is known
as:

A)
self-awareness.

B)
perspective taking.

C)
self-control.

D)
social comparison.

7 INCORRECT

Fourteen year-old Brenda hopes to be a psychologist when she grows up
and hopes she will not end up unemployed and alone. Brenda's hopes
represent her:

A)
ideal self.

B)
ought self.

C)
possible self.

D)
realistic self.

8 CORRECT

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely
than children in early childhood to:

A)
compare themselves to their peers.

B)
compare themselves to role models.

C)
use physical characteristics to describe themselves.

D)
use outer states to describe themselves.

9 INCORRECT

The adolescent's self-understanding:

A)
is stable across time.

B)
is characterized by stability.

C)
is not important to them.

D)
fluctuates across situations.

10 CORRECT

Self-awareness is:

A)
the same as self-image.

B)
knowing one's psychological makeup.

C)
knowing what one would like to become.

D)
the ability to control one's behavior.

11 CORRECT

Domain-specific evaluations of the self are referred to as:

A)
self-concept.

B)
self-esteem.

C)
self-awareness.

D)
self-control.

12
INCORRECT

Older adults often look back and evaluate their lives. This form of
retrospection is what many theorists call:

A)
self-regulation.

B)
identity resolution.

C)
integrity formation.

D)
life review.

13
INCORRECT

Angela has been told that she is high in self-regulation. If this is true, we
would expect Angela to:

A)
go in for therapy.

B)
achieve her goals.

C)
rely on others for help to control her behavior.

D)
be rigid and inflexible.

14
INCORRECT

Reminiscence therapy has been found to have all of the following effects
EXCEPT:

A)
decreasing loneliness.

B)
decreasing depression.

C)
increasing life satisfaction.

D)
increasing self-esteem.

15
INCORRECT

Peter and Lynette want to help their daughter develop high self-esteem.
They should teach her to:

A)
turn to adults for help when faced with a problem.

B)
ignore problems.

C)
cope with problems.

D)
turn her problems over to someone who is more advanced at problem
solving.
16
INCORRECT

With regard to successful self-regulation in aging, _____ suggests that it is
possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice
and the use of new technologies.

A)
selection

B)
compensation

C)
optimization

D)
adaptation

17
INCORRECT

According to Vaillant (2002), _____ is most strongly related to whether
individual will have an enduring happy marriage at 75 or 80 years of age?

A)
intimacy

B)
identity

C)
generativity

D)
attachment

18
INCORRECT

Erikson's term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy
is:

A)
identity confusion.

B)
social insecurity.

C)
identity resolution.

D)
psychosocial moratorium.

19
INCORRECT

According to the contemporary view of identity development, your sense
of identity is determined:

by attachment during infancy.
A)

B)
by your choice of lifestyle.

C)
by resolving the identity crisis during adolescence.

D)
during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.

20
INCORRECT

The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period:

A)
of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and
autonomy.

B)
when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want
to be.

C)
when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations.

D)
of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and determines an
adolescent's identity status.
21
UNANSWERED

The term that James Marcia uses to refer to the part of identity
development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what
they are going to do is:

A)
value.

B)
desire.

C)
commitment.

D)
involvement.

22
INCORRECT

Ramona's parents have decided that she will enroll in the state college near
their hometown. Ramona has not given much thought to the issue and will
probably do what they advise. According to psychologist James Marcia,
accepting her parents' advice will put Ramona into:

A)
identity diffusion.

B)
identity foreclosure.

C)
identity moratorium.

D)
identity achievement.

23
INCORRECT

Rachel considered attending a technical college, but also wondered about
the value of getting a bachelor's degree from a university. She finally
decided to attend the technical college but still wonders if her choice was
correct. According to James Marcia, Rachel is in a state of:

A)
identity diffusion.

B)
identity foreclosure.

C)
identity moratorium.

D)
identity achievement.

24
INCORRECT

Autocratic parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing
identity:

A)
achievement.

B)
moratorium.

C)
foreclosure.

D)
diffusion.

25
INCORRECT

The MAMA cycle consists of:

A)
monitoring-adaptation-monitoring-assimilation.

B)
moratorium-achievement-moratorium-achievement.

C)
monitoring-acting-monitoring-acting.

D)
moratorium-awareness-moratorium-awareness.

26
INCORRECT

Research has revealed that identity formation is enhanced by family
relationships that are both:

A)
individuated and connected.

B)
flexible and accepting.

controlling and demanding.
C)

D)
relaxed and indifferent.

27
INCORRECT

Ethnic minority adolescents who chose biculturalism:

A)
reject the mainstream.

B)
adopt the values and standards of the majority White culture.

C)
identify in some ways with their culture and in other ways with the
dominant culture.

D)
reject their own ethnic culture.

28 CORRECT

Which of the following is one of Costa and McCrae's "big five" personality
traits?

A)
Sensitivity

B)
Masculinity/femininity

C)
Aggression

D)
Extraversion

29
INCORRECT

Evidence from an accumulation of studies indicates that the midlife crisis
is:

A)
a universal phenomenon.

B)
experienced by most individuals, but not all.

C)
dependent on the cohort that is currently middle-aged.

D)
exaggerated.

30
INCORRECT

When examining all of the research on stability and change in personality
during the adult years, it is apparent that:

A)
age is negatively related to stability.

B)
personality traits become fixed at a certain age in adulthood.

C)
most change in personality traits happen from 20 to 40 years of age.

D)
people show less stability in their personality when they reach midlife.

_______ is the ability to solve problems
and to adapt and learn from experience.

A)
Intelligence

B)
Wisdom

C)
Creativity

D)
Adaptability

2 INCORRECT

The intelligence test developed by Binet and
Simon (1904) was designed to:

A)
measure the intelligence quotient of adults
and children.

B)
identify gifted children.

C)
predict which high school students would be
successful in college.

D)
determine which school children were likely
to be slow learners.
3 INCORRECT

Sally's mental age is 12, while her chronological
age is 10. Sally's intelligence quotient is:

A)
75.

B)
120.

C)
100.

D)
108.

4 CORRECT

When test scores are normally distributed
around the average score, it means that:

A)
most people score in the average range and
few people score very high or very low.

B)
there are equal numbers of low, average,
and high scores.

C)
scores obtained on repeated testings are
fairly consistent.

D)
the test is a good measure of the trait that it
is supposed to be measuring.
5 INCORRECT

When compared to the Binet intelligence test,
the Wechsler test offers the advantage of:

A)
an overall IQ score.

B)
both verbal and nonverbal scores.

C)
scores in four different content areas.

D)
being suitable for testing both children and
adults.
6 INCORRECT

In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence,
"g" refers to:

A)
goal orientation.

B)
general intelligence.

C)
giftedness.

D)
global intelligence.

7 INCORRECT

A statistical procedure that correlates test scores
to identify underlying clusters is called a(n):

A)
bell curve.

B)
t-test.

C)
factor analysis.

D)
anova.

8 CORRECT

Sternberg's triarchic theory and Gardner's theory
of intelligence both emphasize that:

A)
intelligence is a general ability.

B)
there are three types of intelligence.

C)
intelligence consists of several specific
abilities.

D)
there are separate information-processing
components of intelligence.
9 INCORRECT

Indira grew up in poverty and first learned to
care for herself and her younger brother by
selling newspapers and developing "street
smarts." Although she never went to school, she
has become successful in business. In terms of
Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory, which type
of intelligence does Indira have?

A)
analytical

B)
creative

C)
practical

D)
abstract

10 CORRECT

Juan is an architect. According to Howard
Gardner's theory of intelligence, which type of
intelligence does Juan have?

A)
spatial

B)
mathematical

C)
kinesthetic

D)
naturalist

11 INCORRECT

Howard Gardner has developed _______ types
of intelligence.

A)
4

6
B)

C)
8

D)
10

12 INCORRECT

According to Howard Gardner's theory of
multiple intelligences:

A)
most types of intelligence cannot be
destroyed by brain damage.

B)
individuals who are gifted excel in at least
five types of intelligence.

C)
individuals who are mentally retarded have
only one or two types of intelligence.

D)
everyone has all types of intelligence.

13 INCORRECT

Which of the following tests requires individuals
to solve practical everyday problems?

A)
Standard-Binet

B)
Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test

C)
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale

D)
Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children

14 INCORRECT

A heritability index of .80 indicates:

A)
no significant genetic influence.

B)
that nurture is more influential than nature.

C)
a strong genetic influence.

D)
a moderate genetic influence.

15 CORRECT

A performance standard for an IQ test is called
a:

A)
norm.

B)
scale.

C)
percentile.

D)
score.

16 INCORRECT

The Abecedarian Intervention program has
demonstrated that:

A)
environment can have a powerful influence
on intelligence.

B)
despite the best interventions children
cannot surpass their parents' IQs.

C)
the early intellectual gains of children in the
program could not be sustained.

D)
children with IQs below 70 do not benefit
from early intervention programs.
17 INCORRECT

Early IQ tests favored all of the following
except:

A)
White Americans.

B)
middle-income people.

C)
people from urban environments.

D)
people who are gifted.

18 INCORRECT

When scores on an intelligence test predict
performance in school, the test is said to have:

A)
high predictive norms.

B)
high predictive validity.

C)
high predictive significance.

D)
high predictive reliability.

19 INCORRECT

Jarod is an adolescent African American. When
taking an intelligence test, he is anxious about
possibly confirming the old stereotype that
Blacks are "intellectually inferior". He is
displaying the effects of:

A)
IQ bias.

B)
stereotype threat.

C)
discrimination.

D)
culture anxiety.

20 CORRECT

The Gesell test used to assess normal and
abnormal infants has four categories of
behavior. The four categories are:

A)
motor, verbal, language, and adaptive.

B)
adaptive, language, verbal, and personal-
social.

C)
language, adaptive, personal-social, and
motor.

D)
verbal, personal-social, motor, and adaptive.

21 INCORRECT

Which assessment tool has a mental scale, a
motor scale, and an infant behavior profile?

A)
Apgar Scale

B)
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
Scale

C)
Gesell Test

D)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development

22 CORRECT

Fluid intelligence is the ability to:

A)
reason abstractly.

B)
memorize information quickly.

C)
adapt to new ways of thinking.

D)
use language skillfully.

23 CORRECT

According to John Horn, in middle age:

A)
crystallized intelligence increases, while
fluid intelligence begins to decline.

B)
fluid intelligence increases, while
crystallized intelligence begins to decline.

C)
both crystallized and fluid intelligence
increase.

D)
both crystallized and fluid intelligence begin
to decline.
24 CORRECT

Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study has
shown that the highest level of functioning for
four of the six intellectual abilities tested
occurred in:

A)
late adolescence.

B)
early adulthood.

C)
middle adulthood.

D)
late adulthood.

25 INCORRECT

The research on wisdom suggests that:

A)
wisdom is generated from strong cognitive
mechanics.

B)
wisdom emerges in old age.

C)
wisdom is gained through the accumulation
of factual knowledge.

D)
personality-related factors are better
predictors of wisdom than cognitive factors.
26 CORRECT

Organic retardation is caused by:

A)
physical damage to brain tissues.

B)
being raised by poorly educated parents.

C)
an impoverished intellectual environment.

D)
traumatic experiences in early childhood.

27 CORRECT

Everett, a 10-year-old boy, has an IQ of 48 on
the Stanford-Binet intelligence test and he has
difficulty adapting in his everyday life, but his
teachers expect he may be able to support
himself as an adult through some type of labor.
He would be classified as:

A)
mildly retarded.

B)
moderately retarded.

C)
severely retarded.

D)
profoundly retarded.

28 INCORRECT

Hyun-Joo is asked to come up with as many
possible uses of a paper clip as possible. This
task requires her to use:

A)
verbal comprehension.

B)
convergent thinking.

C)
divergent thinking.

D)
critical thinking.

29 INCORRECT

The step in the creative process which often
covers the longest span of time and requires the
hardest work is:

A)
incubation.

B)
insight.

C)
preparation.

elaboration.
D)
30 CORRECT

Researchers have found that the age at which
creativity declines:

A)
is most often in the third decade of life.

B)
varies with the domain involved.

C)
is younger in males than females.

D)
is usually after the age of eighty.
Which of the following brain
areas does not appear to be
involved in ADHD?

A) the frontal lobe

B) the occipital lobe

C) the caudate nucleus

D) the corpus callosum

2 INCORRECT

Which of the following statements about attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is false?

A) Fewer than 10 percent of children develop ADHD.

B) For two-thirds of children, ADHD continues into
adolescence.

C) A large number of adults with a history of
underachievement and poor relationships have been
found to have had undiagnosed ADHD as children.

D) Boys are three times more likely to be diagnosed with
ADHD than are girls.

3 CORRECT

Which of the following has not been found to predispose children
to ADHD?

A) premature delivery

B) consumption of large amounts of sugar

C) maternal nicotine consumption

D) exposure to high concentrations of lead

4 UNANSWERED

In studies examining the biology of conduct disorder and
aggression, children with conduct disorder have been found to
exhibit all of the following except

A) neurological deficits.

B) a genetic history of antisocial behavior among their first-
degree relatives.

C) higher levels of adrenaline.

D) difficult temperaments as infants.

5 INCORRECT

Which of the following drugs has not been found to be useful in
reducing aggressive behavior?

A) stimulants

B) lithium

C) neuroleptics

D) barbiturates

6 INCORRECT

Which of the following is not a symptom of separation anxiety
disorder?

A) persistent and excessive worry about harm or loss of a
caregiver

B) excessive fearfulness about being alone

C) repeated nightmares involving themes of separation

D) excessive sleeping when caregivers are not present

7 INCORRECT

Reading disorder is also known as

A) receptive language disorder.

B) dyslexia.

C) phonological disorder.

D) disorder of reading comprehension.

8 INCORRECT

The children of parents with __________ are three times more
likely to develop separation anxiety disorder than are children of
parents without the disorder.

A) generalized anxiety disorder

B) post-traumatic stress disorder

C) social phobia

D) panic disorder

9 CORRECT

Children who can acquire very simple vocational skills with
special education, who do not achieve beyond the second grade in
academic skills, and who have IQ scores between 35 and 50, are
characterized as _____________ mentally retarded.

A) moderately

B) mildly

C) profoundly

D) severely

10 CORRECT

Which of the following childhood diseases resembles Alzheimer's
disease in that both are characterized by the presence of plaques
and tangles in the brain as well as memory loss and an inability to
care for oneself?

A) phenylketonuria

B) fragile X syndrome

C) trisomy 21

D) fetal alcohol syndrome

11 INCORRECT

Which of the following childhood diseases is the most common
cause of mental retardation?

A) trisomy 21

B) fragile X syndrome

C) trisomy 18

D) phenylketonuria

12 INCORRECT

In the general population, which factor is the most common cause
of mental retardation?

A) hereditary factors

B) acquired childhood diseases/infections

C) environmental influences and other mental disorders

D) unknown factors

13 INCORRECT

The most salient impairments seen in autism is/are impaired

A) communication skills.

B) cognitive skills.

C) motor development.

D) social interaction.

14 INCORRECT

The best predictors of outcome in autism are

A) the child's IQ and language development before age 6.

B) the child's capacity to reach developmental milestones on
time.

C) the child's capacity for nonverbal communication.

D) the quality of parenting the child receives.

15 UNANSWERED

Which of the following appears to be a contributing factor to
autism?

A) a "refrigerator" mother

B) deficits in theory of mind

C) atrophy of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

D) abnormal levels of norepinephrine

16 INCORRECT

All of the following are classified as pervasive developmental
disorders except:

A) Autism.

B) Asperger's disorder.

C) Selective mutism.

D) Childhood disintegrative disorder.

17 INCORRECT

The symptoms of ADHD fall into all of the following categories
except:

A) Inattention.

B) Defiance.

C) Impulsivity.

D) Hyperactivity.

18 INCORRECT

Boys are more likely than girls to develop all of the following
except:

A) Separation anxiety disorder.

B) Encopresis.

C) ADHD.

D) Autism.

19 INCORRECT

All of the following are associated with conduct and oppositional
defiant disorder except:

A) Lower levels of adrenaline.

B) ADHD.

C) Maternal exposure to toxins during pregnancy.

D) Living in a rural area.

20 INCORRECT

Children with _____ mental retardation have very limited
vocabularies, speak in two-to-three-word sentences, and have IQ
scores between 20 and 35.

A) mild

B) moderate

C) severe

D) profound

Autism is characterized by

poor social interactions.

unusual behavior patterns.

impaired communication skills.

all of the above

Autism spectral disorders (ASD) are associated with other medical conditions
such as

pituitary tumors.

fragile X syndrome.

AIDS.

type 1 diabetes.

A unique characteristic of Asperger syndrome is that

they might be intellectually gifted in a certain area.

they have poor motor skills.

they have impaired communication skills.

they have poor social skills.

Some of the symptoms of autism spectral disorder include

an inability to share and take turns.

a tendency to say whatever is on their mind, regardless of whether it is
appropriate or not.

an inability to engage in the give-and-take of normal social conversation.

all of the above.

The diagnostic checklist for diagnosing autism in children aged 16 - 48 months is

MCHAT.

CHAT.

GADS.

CAST.

Which of the following is a screening tool for differentiating between Asperger
Syndrome and general autism?

CAST

MCHAT

CHAT

GADS

The rate of recurrence of autism in siblings of autistic individuals is
___________than that of the general population.

70 - 90 times greater

20 - 50 times less

10 - 20 times less

10 - 60 times greater

Prenatal exposure to ________ is thought to be associated with developing autism.

thalidomide

alcohol

risperodone

folic acid

Which component of certain vaccinations is hypothesized to contribute to autism?

thalidomide

risperodone

thirmerosol

gluten

In general, the prognosis for a child with autism would be improved if they are
diagnosed before _____ years of age.

7

10

3

5

Autism is characterized by
Your Answer: impaired communication
skills.
Correct Answer: all of the above

Autism is a disorder
characterized by impaired
communication skills,
unusual behavior patterns,
and poor social interactions.

2. Autism spectral disorders
(ASD) are associated with
other medical conditions such
as
Your Answer: pituitary
tumors.
Correct Answer: fragile X
syndrome.

ASD is associated with other
medical conditions such as
fragile X syndrome and
untreated phenylketonuria.

3. A unique characteristic of
Asperger syndrome is that
Your Answer: they might be
intellectually
gifted in a
certain area.

4. Some of the symptoms of
autism spectral disorder
include
Your Answer: a tendency
to say
whatever is
on their
mind,
regardless
of whether
it is
appropriate
or not.

Correct Answer: all of the
above.

Those with autism spectral
disorders have a variety of
impaired social and
communication skills. These
include: an inability to share
and take turns, an inability to
engage in normal give-and-
take of conversation, and a
tendency to blurt out
whatever is on their mind
regardless of whether it is
inappropriate or not.

5. The diagnostic checklist for
diagnosing autism in children
aged 16 - 48 months is
Your Answer: CHAT.

Correct Answer: MCHAT.

The diagnostic checklist for
diagnosing autism in children
aged 16 - 48 months is
MCHAT.

6. Which of the following is a
screening tool for
differentiating between
Asperger Syndrome and
general autism?
Your Answer: GADS

7. The rate of recurrence of
autism in siblings of autistic
individuals is
___________than that of the
general population.
Your Answer: 70 - 90
times
greater

Correct Answer: 10 - 60
times
greater

The rate of recurrence of
autism in siblings of autistic
individuals is 10 - 60 times
greater than in the general
population indicating a strong
genetic predisposition.

8. Prenatal exposure to
________ is thought to be
associated with developing
autism.
Your Answer: risperodone
Correct Answer: thalidomide
Prenatal exposure to the drug
thalidomide caused severe
birth defects and is also
associated with increased risk
for developing autism.

9. Which component of certain
vaccinations is hypothesized
to contribute to autism?
Your Answer: thalidomide
Correct Answer: thirmerosol

The mercury-containing
compound thimerosol found
in some vaccines is
hypothesized to contribute to
autism.

10. In general, the prognosis for a
child with autism would be
improved if they are
diagnosed before _____ years
of age.
Your Answer: 3

Home Chapter 7 Self-Assessment Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

This activity contains 20 questions.

An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health
factors; an inability to build satisfactory relationships; inappropriate types of
behavior or feelings; a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; and a

tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school
problems are characteristics of which of the following?

Behavioral disorder

Emotional disturbance

Learning disability

Mental retardation

Anxiety disorder, mood disorder, oppositional
defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and
schizophrenia are all types of which of the
following?

Behavioral or emotional disorder

Juvenile delinquency

Learning disability

Mental retardation

____________________ includes phobia, panic
disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-
traumatic stress disorder.

Anxiety disorder

Conduct disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder

Mood disorder

________________ involves an extreme deviation in
either a depressed or an elevated direction or

sometimes in both directions at the same time.

Anxiety disorder

Conduct disorder


Mood disorder

__________________ causes patterns of negativistic,
hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors.

Anxiety disorder

Conduct disorder


Mood disorder

_________________ consists of a persistent pattern
of antisocial behavior that significantly interferes
with others' rights or with schools' and
communities behavioral expectations.

Anxiety disorder

Conduct disorder


Mood disorder

Behaviors that are persistently aggressive or involve
acting-out and noncompliant behaviors are
______________________ behaviors.

Externalizing

Internalizing

Defiant

Antisocial

_________________ behaviors include withdrawal,
depression, anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions.

Externalizing

Internalizing

Defiant

Antisocial

Students with emotional or behavioral disorders
may be gifted or have mental retardation, but most
have IQs in the _____________________ range.

Above average

Well below average

Low average

Middle

A student who lives in ________________ is more
likely to develop emotional or behavioral disorders.

Poverty

The city

The suburbs

An apartment

Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and
emotional abuse are specific types of which of the
following?

Conduct disorders

Child maltreatment

Behavior disorders

Antisocial behavior

The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale allows
educators to be more ______________________
when working with students.

Deficit-oriented

Informed

Educated

Strength-oriented

A family-driven, collaborative, individualized,
culturally competent, and community- and
strengths-based program is which of the following?

Special education

Community awareness

Wraparound

Extracurricular

Helping students learn how to define self-
management; learn the relationship among
antecedents, behaviors, and consequences; and
discuss how to respond appropriately is which of
the following?

Peer-assisted self-management

An IEP

A transition program

Wraparound

Specific reasons why students drop out of school
include which of the following?

Lack of parental support for education

Problematic home lives

Student work schedule

All of these

A student advisory program, establishing and
involving students in extracurricular activities,
monitoring risk factors, developing schools within
schools, engaging in community-based learning, and
providing vocational education are all interventions
for which of the following?

Successful transitions

Better grades

Reducing dropout rates

Reducing behaviors

Beginning early and using all tools available are
suggestions for ________________________.

Transition programs

Reducing behaviors

Service learning

Early intervention

A method for students to develop newly acquired
skills by active participation and structured
reflection in organized opportunities to meet
community needs is which of the following?

Transition programs

Reducing behaviors

Service learning

Early intervention

The benefits of conflict-resolution instruction
include which of the following?

Providing a framework for resolving conflicts

Giving students opportunities to assume responsibility for behavior

Increasing instructional time

All of these

Conflicts usually originate because of three major
issues: resources, needs, or __________________.

Diversity

Goals

Anger

Behavior disorders

An inability to learn that cannot be explained
by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an
inability to build satisfactory relationships;
inappropriate types of behavior or feelings; a
general pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression; and a tendency to develop
physical symptoms or fears associated with
personal or school problems are
characteristics of which of the following?
Your Answer: (blank)

2.
Anxiety disorder, mood
disorder, oppositional defiant
disorder, conduct disorder, and
schizophrenia are all types of
which of the following?
Your Answer: Juvenile
delinquency
Correct Answer: Behavioral
or emotional
disorder

Anxiety disorder, mood
disorder, oppositional defiant
disorder, conduct disorder, and
schizophrenia are all types of
behavioral or emotional
disorders.

3.
____________________
includes phobia, panic disorder,
obsessive-compulsive disorder,
and post-traumatic stress
disorder.

4.
________________ involves
an extreme deviation in either a
depressed or an elevated
direction or sometimes in both
directions at the same time.
Your Answer: Anxiety
disorder
Correct Answer: Mood
disorder

Mood disorder involves an
extreme deviation in either a
depressed or an elevated
direction or sometimes in both
directions at the same time.

5.
__________________ causes
patterns of negativistic, hostile,
disobedient, and defiant
behaviors.
Your Answer: Anxiety
disorder
Correct Answer: Oppositional
defiant
disorder

causes patterns of negativistic,
hostile, disobedient, and defiant
behaviors.

6.
_________________ consists
of a persistent pattern of
antisocial behavior that
significantly interferes with
others' rights or with schools'
and communities behavioral
expectations.

7.
Behaviors that are persistently
aggressive or involve acting-
out and noncompliant
behaviors are
______________________
behaviors.
Your Answer: Internalizing

Correct Answer: Externalizing
Behaviors that are persistently
aggressive or involve acting-
out and noncompliant
behaviors are externalizing
behaviors.

8.
_________________ behaviors
include withdrawal, depression,
anxiety, obsessions, and
compulsions.
Your Answer: Externalizing
Correct Answer: Internalizing

Internalizing behaviors include
withdrawal, depression,
anxiety, obsessions, and
compulsions.

9.
Students with emotional or
behavioral disorders may be
gifted or have mental
retardation, but most have IQs
in the
_____________________
range.

10.
A student who lives in
________________ is more
likely to develop emotional or
behavioral disorders.
Your Answer: Poverty

11.
Neglect, physical abuse, sexual
abuse, and emotional abuse are
specific types of which of the
following?
Your Answer: Child
maltreatment

12.
The Behavioral and Emotional
Rating Scale allows educators
to be more
______________________
Your Answer: Deficit-
oriented
Correct Answer: Strength-
oriented

The Behavioral and Emotional
Rating Scale allows educators
to be more strength-oriented

13.
A family-driven, collaborative,
individualized, culturally
competent, and community-
and strengths-based program is
Your Answer: Wraparound

14.
Helping students learn how to
define self-management; learn
the relationship among
antecedents, behaviors, and
consequences; and discuss how
to respond appropriately is
Your Answer: Peer-assisted
self-
management

15.
Specific reasons why students
drop out of school include
Your Answer: Student work
schedule
Correct Answer: All of these

Specific reasons why students
drop out of school include lack
of parental support for
education, problematic home
lives, student work schedules,
substance abuse, frequent
discipline problems, student
pregnancy, peer pressure to
leave school, and frequent
moves between schools.

16.
A student advisory program,
establishing and involving
students in extracurricular
activities, monitoring risk
factors, developing schools
within schools, engaging in
community-based learning, and
providing vocational education
are all interventions for which
of the following?
Your Answer: Successful
transitions
Correct Answer: Reducing
dropout rates

A student advisory program,
establishing and involving
students in extracurricular
activities, monitoring risk
factors, developing schools
within schools, engaging in
community-based learning, and
providing vocational education
are all interventions for
reducing dropout rates.

17.
Beginning early and using all
tools available are suggestions
for
________________________.
Your Answer: Transition
programs
Correct Answer: Early
intervention

Beginning early and using all
tools available are suggestions
for early intervention.

18.
A method for students to
develop newly acquired skills
by active participation and
structured reflection in
organized opportunities to meet
community needs is which of
the following?
Your Answer: Service learning

19.
The benefits of conflict-
resolution instruction include
Your Answer: All of these

20.
Conflicts usually originate
because of three major issues:
resources, needs, or
__________________.
Your Answer: Diversity

Correct Answer: Goals

Conflicts usually originate
because of three major issues:
resources, needs, or goals.

Which of the
following
scenarios
would best be
explained by
the prototype
model of
concept
structures?

A)
determining whether something is a car if it has four wheels

B)
determining whether something is a fish if it swims in the water

C)
determining whether something is a flower if it is similar to a rose

D)
determining whether something is a cat if it can run

2 CORRECT

In comparing a computer to the human brain, the computer's hardware is
like _____ and the computer's software is like _____.

A)
cognition, the brain

B)
the brain, cognition

C)
sensation, perception

D)
perception, sensation

3 CORRECT

Rose believes that being involved in a plane crash is more likely than
being involved in an automobile crash. Which of the following errors has
Rose made?

A)
confirmation bias

B)
hindsight bias

C)
fundamental attribution error

D)
availability heuristic

4 CORRECT

Focusing on information that supports your beliefs and discounting
information that contradicts your beliefs is an example of

A)
confirmation bias.

B)
hindsight bias.

C)
the fundamental attribution error.

D)
the availability heuristic.

5 CORRECT

Trying the same technique repeatedly to solve a problem is called

A)
subgoaling.

B)
heuristics.

C)
deductive reasoning.

D)
fixation.

6 CORRECT

Which of the following are characteristic of creative thinkers?

A)
inner motivation

B)
functional fixedness

C)
fixation

D)
availability heuristic

7 INCORRECT

In order to develop _____ for a test, the test should be given to a large,
representative group of people of various ages, races, sexes, and
geographic locations.

A)
validity

B)
reliability

C)
norms

D)
mental age

8 INCORRECT

If an adult is 20 years old and her mental age is 30, what is her IQ?

A)
15

B)
67

C)
100

D)
150

9 INCORRECT

If an intelligence test asks questions that would more likely be familiar to a
person living in a city than to a person living in the country, the test is

A)
reliable.

B)
valid.

C)
culturally biased.

D)
unstandardized.

10
INCORRECT

A person diagnosed as mentally retarded as a child is able to function
within society as an adult. What type of mental retardation does this person
likely have?

A)
organic retardation

B)
pervasive mental retardation

C)
extensive mental relation

D)
cultural-familial retardation

11
UNANSWERED

What type of intelligence would likely be strongest for an engineer who
designs bridges?

A)
verbal

B)
naturalist

C)
bodily-kinesthetic

D)
spatial

12
INCORRECT

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what type of
intelligence would be needed to calculate a mathematical problem?

A)
practical

B)
mathematical

C)
creative

analytical
D)
13
INCORRECT

Consider the word driving. The d sound is known as a _____, while the
suffix -ing is known as a _____.

A)
morpheme, phoneme

B)
phoneme, morpheme

C)
semantic, syntax

D)
syntax, semantic

14 CORRECT

Which of the following statements is supported by the theories of
Benjamin Whorf?

A)
Intelligence is multifaceted and people have different levels of each
type of intelligence.

B)
The more words an individual has to describe an object or event, the
easier it will be for him or her to think about it.

C)
Standardized intelligence tests tend to be culturally biased.

D)
Individuals determine whether an object is part of a category by
comparing it to an object typical of that category.
15 CORRECT

The sentence, "The tablecloth asked her dog to type the dishes," contains

A)
correct syntax but incorrect semantics.

B)
correct semantics but incorrect syntax.

C)
morphemes but not phonemes.

D)
phonemes but not morphemes.

16
INCORRECT

Noam Chomsky's assertion that humans are designed for language
acquisition is supported by which of the following?

A)
All humans speak.

B)
Language rules are similar from culture to culture.

C)
Children from different cultures develop language at about the same
age and in the same order.

D)
Parents from all cultures speak to their infants.

17
INCORRECT

A college student and a billionaire both lose a $100 bill. The student is
stressed by this event, but the billionaire is not. These two individuals are
in the _____ stage of the stress and coping process.

A)
primary appraisal

B)
secondary appraisal

C)
emotion-focused coping

D)
problem-focused coping

18
INCORRECT

A student has an exam in the morning and is quite stressed about how he
will perform. The night before, he attempts to lessen his stress by drinking
many beers. In what type of coping is the student engaging?

A)
problem-focused

B)
emotion-focused

C)
primary appraisal

D)
secondary appraisal

19 CORRECT

Which of the following would be an example of using approach coping to
deal with an upcoming job interview?

A)
exercise

B)
praying

C)
meditation

D)
practicing possible interview questions

20
INCORRECT

How are experts different from novices?

A)
Experts are more intelligent.

Experts are good at a range of activities, while novices are only good
B) at one or two activities.

C)
Experts use better problem-solving strategies than novices.

D)
Experts tend to be older.

The affective
domain
refers to:

A)
physiological factors.

B)
academic development.

C)
information processing.

D)
attitudes and motivation.
Feedback: Incorrect. Academic development is influenced by at least three
factors: elements in the cognitive domain (information processing), elements
in the physiological domain (biological factors), and elements in the affective
domain (motivation, curiosity, etc.).
2 CORRECT

Kinesthetic learners learn best

A)
by doing.

B)
by hearing.

C)
by using texts and watching videos.

D)
in calm, quiet surroundings.
Feedback: Correct! Kinesthetic refers to body motion, and these learners do
best by doing -- by "hands-on" learning.
3 CORRECT

Someone who assumes responsibility for his or her performance on a test has

A)
an internal locus of control.

B)
an external locus of control.

C)
a visual learning style.

an under developed emotional intelligence.
D)
Feedback: Correct! Someone who assumes responsibility for his or her
performance has an internal locus of control.
4
INCORRECT

Howard Gardner is closely associated with

A)
the development of IQ tests.

B)
multiple intelligences theory.

C)
emotional intelligence.

D)
moral intelligence.
Feedback: Incorrect. Moral intelligence and development is associated with
others, including Kohlberg and Gilligan.
5
INCORRECT

According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is

A)
best measured with a standardized test such as the Stanford-Binet.

B)
best developed through biofeedback.

C)
valued in different cultures.

D)
best tested with the "marshmallow experiment."
Feedback: Incorrect. Gardner supports the use of authentic assessment, not
standardized testing.
6
INCORRECT

The name most closely associated with EQ, or emotional intelligence theory,
is

A)
Howard Gardner.

B)
James Banks.

C)
Daniel Goleman.

D)
Mary Budd Rowe.
Feedback: Incorrect. Howard Gardner developed multiple intelligences
theory.
7
INCORRECT

The greatest immigration surge in U.S. history occurred

A)
just prior to the Civil War.

B)
at the beginning of the twentieth century.

C)
in the post-WWII decade.

D)
at the close of the twentieth century.
Feedback: Incorrect. The greatest immigration surge occurred at the close
of the twentieth century.
8 CORRECT

Demographers say the next generation will produce a U.S. student body more
diverse than ever. How will teachers experience this change?

A)
Teachers in some areas may see little change in their own classrooms and
schools, in terms of their own students.

B)
Teachers will continue to prepare all their students to live, learn, and
work within our European roots.

C)
Schools will find their resources increased to adequately meet the needs
of students with limited English proficiency.

D)
Demographers now believe that it is likely that a greater number of
Europeans will migrate to the U.S. during the next decade, bringing more
"balance" to the immigration patterns.
Feedback: Correct! While the national picture will reflect greater diversity,
the changes will not occur in all parts of the nation, impacting some
communities in very significant ways and other communities hardly at all.
9
INCORRECT

Which of the following is a recommended approach to teaching a culturally
diverse group of learners?

A)
Help your students more easily fit into the American society by creating
common and familiar American sounding names and nicknames for
them.

B)
Help Americanize your students by immersing them in American ways
of learning in the classroom: Promote competition as a way to increase
achievement; offer praise and criticism in front of the group, rather than
in private; and reinforce the curriculum with readings from western
classics.

C)
Recognize that generalizations about groups are destructive, and treat all
students in the same way.

D)
Build on individual learning styles: Give your students a learning style
assessment (or observe them doing their work) and then adapt your
instruction accordingly.
Feedback: Incorrect. These suggestions are not responsive to the needs of
culturally diverse learners. For some cultural groups, cooperation will be
more effective than competition in raising achievement. Learners from some
cultures may not respond well to being either praised or criticized in public.
And learners from other cultures are likely to learn best when the
curriculum does not shut their heritage out.
10
INCORRECT

A key figure associated with multicultural education is

A)
James Banks.

B)
Carol Gilligan.

C)
Howard Gardner.

D)
Mary Budd Rowe.
Feedback: Incorrect. Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple
intelligences.
11
CORRECT

Four approaches to multicultural education are

A)
contributions, additive, transformation, social action.

B)
immersion, submersion, transformation, maintenance.

C)
cognitive, affective, physiological, psychological.

D)
pull-out, mainstreaming, regular, inclusion.
Feedback: Correct! Contributions, additive, transformation, social action.
12
INCORRECT

When Carlos Ovando was a struggling student, his family moved him to a
new school. In this new school, his outlook on life and his academic success
underwent enormous, positive change because

A)
his new school immersed him in English, and he knew that he had to
learn this new language.

B)
his new principal realized that English Language Learners like Carlos
needed a strict set of rules in order to function well.

C)
his new teacher honored his language and his culture as assets, not
deficits.

D)
his new community spoke mostly Spanish, and he felt at home once
again.
Feedback: No. The connection between Carlos and his teacher was not about
rules.
13
INCORRECT

In Lau v. Nichols, the Supreme Court held that

A)
maintenance programs are unconstitutional.

B)
an Individualized Education Program must be written for bilingual
students.

C)
teaching students in a language they did not understand was not an
appropriate education.

D)
school districts cannot prevent gifted students from accelerating through
grades.
Feedback: Incorrect;. CHRIS Repeating the right answer each time does
not work for me. Can we refer to why each distractor is not correct? Such as
"Maintenance refers to programs emphasize the importance designes toof
keepinging the native language while learning English. The Lau decision
ruled that teaching students in a language they did not understand
wasunconstituional. unconstitutional. unconstitutional. Maintenance
programs would not be unconstitutional; "submersion" would be." etcLau
v. Nichols ruled that teaching students in a language they did not
understand was not an appropriate education.
14
CORRECT

An IEP is an

A)
Individually Educated Pupil.

B)
Individualized Education Program.

C)
Interim Evaluation Plan.

D)
Independent Education Proposal.
Feedback: Correct! An IEP is an Individualized Education Program.
15
INCORRECT

Which of the following is an accurate statement about gender and computer
use?

A)
Males and females use computers in equal number.

B)
Males use computers more frequently than females in elementary school,
but females catch up by secondary school.

C)
Females use computers as often as males in the elementary grades, but
their usage declines thereafter in the middle and secondary grades.

D)
No research has been done on male-female differences in computer
usage.

Ashley is
trying to learn
how to spell
the word
practical. She
repeats p-r-a-
c-t-i-c-a-l to
herself several
times until she
can spell the
word. What
memory
strategy is she
using?

A) elaboration

B) organization

C) mnemonics

D) rehearsal

Feedback: p. 185

2 INCORRECT

Roshan is studying for a history test. He groups together events that occurred in
close proximity to one another and studies them in that manner. What memory
strategy is he using?

A) elaboration

B) organization

C) mnemonics

D) rehearsal

Feedback: p. 185

3 CORRECT

Monica is studying for a history test also. She relates information in the chapter
on which she is to be tested to information she has already mastered. She also
summarizes the main ideas of each section in the chapter. What memory
strategy is she using?

A) elaboration

B) organization

C) mnemonics

D) rehearsal

Feedback: p. 185

4 INCORRECT

Mrs. Kim has given her students a multiple choice test on vocabulary words
they are to have learned this week. What type of memory task is this?

A) elaboration

B) recall

C) recognition

D) organization

Feedback: p. 186

5 INCORRECT

Mrs. Eckman has given her students a test over vocabulary words they are to
have learned this week. She states the word and students write down the
definition. What type of memory task is this?

A) elaboration

B) recall

C) recognition

D) organization

Feedback: p. 186

6 INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT a developmental difference in retrieval
strategies cited in your text?

A) Older children tend to be more exhaustive in their memory searches.

B) Older children tend to be more systematic in their memory searches
than younger children are.

C) Younger children may give up a memory search after only a few items
are retrieved

D) Younger children may give up a memory search after only a few items
are retrieved

Feedback: p. 186

7 INCORRECT

Which of the following statements about metacognition is false?

A) Much of a child's knowledge about cognition is acquired between the
ages of 5 and 10

B) Younger children are more efficient at metacognition than older
children.

C) Children use metacognitive knowledge to choose effective memory and
learning strategies.

D) Older children are more likely than younger children to view their
memory capabilities as limited.

8 INCORRECT

If an 8-year-old child has a mental age of 8, what is his/her IQ score?

A) 85

B) 100

C) 105

D) 120

Feedback: p. 197

9 INCORRECT

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with general
intelligence or g?

A) Gardner

B) Guilford

C) Sternberg

D) Terman

Feedback: p. 198

10 INCORRECT

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the triarchic
theory of intelligence?

A) Gardner

B) Guilford

C) Sternberg

D) Terman

Feedback: p. 201

11 CORRECT

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the theory of
multiple intelligences?

A) Gardner

B) Guilford

C) Sternberg

D) Terman

Feedback: p. 201

12 INCORRECT

Jamal is very good at playing three-dimensional video games. According to
Gardner, Jamal is most likely high in what type of intelligence?

A) logical-mathematical

B) linguistic

C) spatial

D) naturalistic

Feedback: p. 201

13 CORRECT

Seung is an attractive, happy child. This happiness tends to elicit positive
responses from those around her. This is an example of which of the following?

A) evocative gene-environment effect

B) niche-picking gene-environment effect

C) passive gene-environment effect

D) none of the above

Feedback: p. 206

14 INCORRECT

Which of the following is one of the major shortcomings of research on racial
and ethnic differences in cognitive abilities?

A) Most research subjects are of the same socio-economic status.

B) Most of this research fails to examine differences within ethnic groups

C) Most of this research involves first generation immigrants.

D) There are no major shortcomings of this research.

Feedback: p. 218, 219

15 CORRECT

Which of the following statements is not true regarding Asian American
students?

A) Asian American students perform better in U.S. schools than African
American and Hispanic American students because they do not
experience discrimination.

B) The grade point averages of Asian American college-bound students is
often higher than that of Anglo-Americans.

C) Asian American students' generally do well academically during the
transition to junior higher school.

D) Asian Americans often value their academic success due to the
influence of their parents.

Feedback: p. 217

16 INCORRECT

Which of the following is NOT true about tracking?

A) Low-ability classes are often taught by less experienced teachers.

B) Tracking determines which courses a student take in high school, which
affects their eligibility for college.

C) In low-ability classes, there is a strong emphasis on higher-order
thinking.

D) Most students placed in low-ability groups during elementary school
remain there until high school.

Feedback: p. 219

17 CORRECT

Which of the following is a true statement about research regarding gender
differences in cognitive ability?

A) Gender differences in students' cognitive abilities are less evident today
than 20 years ago.

B) Males perform much better than females across all tests.

C) Females perform much better than males across all tests.

D) Males have better verbal skills than females, but do less well on tests of
visual-spatial skills.

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