Quantitative Techniques

Unit II:
1) Statistics are numerical statement of facts but all facts numerically stated are not statistics .
Clarify this statement and point out briefly which numerical statement of facts are statistics.
2) Define statistics. Discuss its scope and limitations
3) What are the reasons of distrust in statistics? ow can be wron! use of statistics be a"oided?
#) Define statistics and e$plain the functions and importance of statistics.
%) Distin!uish between primary and secondary data and discuss the "arious methods used in the
collection of primary data.
&) Distin!uish between a census and a sample in'uiry and discuss briefly their comparati"e
ad"anta!es. ($plain the conditions under which each of these methods may be used with
ad"anta!e.
)) Define a statistical error. Discuss the "arious types of statistical errors and su!!est how
they can be a"oided or corrected?
*) +rran!e the followin! series in ascendin! and descendin! orders.
,i) -ar.s ,out of %/) 0 2% 1* #2 %/ 3% 11 2) 11 #&
,ii) 2ncome ,in 3s) 0 22 1& 11 3) 23 #2 &/
4o. of wor.ers 0 2 * & 1 1& 3 *
,iii) +!e 5roup 0 1&62# #/6#* #*6%& 21632 326#/
4o. of persons 0 2 ) 13 1 #
1) 7he len!th of life8 measured in hours8 of #/ li!ht bulbs appears below. Construct e$clusi"e
class inter"als usin! Stur!e9s 3ule0
31* 2%2 #2* %/* %&/ 2#* 3/# 312
31# #// 1/1 #3/ 1/* #&/ #11 3*)
3// #2& 2/* #%) 2#& #3* 3/* %13
#/3 #)2 #/2 %*1 #&1 222 #11 %#&
#1/ 2/2 #*1 %#% %/# 3&3 1&/ #*1
1/) Con"ert the followin! into e$clusi"e series0
,i) 7otal 2ncome,3s) 0 &/1/6)/// )/1/6*/// */1/61/// 1/1/61/8///
4o. of +ssesses 0 2132 %%*% )%11 &2/1
,ii) Classes 0 /61 1/611 2/621 3/631 #/6#1 %/6%1
:re'uency 0 % 1% 13 11 1/ 1
,iii) 2ncome in 3s 0 1%611.11 2/62#.11 2%621.11 3/63#.11
4o of persons 0 * 11 22 3/
11) Con"ert the followin! une'ual class6inter"al series into e'ual class inter"al series
Class :re'uency Classes :re'uency
,i) /62 2 1#61% 13
26% # 1%61) 3
%6* ) 1)62/ 2
*61/ * 2/62% 1
1/61# 1/
,ii) Classes 0 2/623 2362% 2%63/
:re'uency 0 * 1/ 3/
Classes 0 3/63% 3%6#/ #/6%/
:re'uency 0 33 3* #%
,iii) Classes 0 /61/ 1/62/ 2/6%/ %/61// 1//62// 2//62%/
:re'uency 0 & 1/ 1) 2) 3) %)
,i") 2ncome ,3s) 0 /61// 1//62// 2//6%// %//61/// 1///62/// 2///6%///
4o. of person 0 2/ %/ 1// */ 1/ 2
12) Con"ert the followin! series into e'ual inter"als0
,i) Central ;alue0 1/ 1# 1* 22 2& 3/
:re'uency 0 2 * 1/ 12 1& 2/
,ii) Central Si<e 0 * 12 1& 2/ 2#
:re'uency 0 2 * 1# 2/ 3/
13) Con"ert the followin! series into une'ual inter"als0
,i) -id. ;alue 0 1/ 2/ #/ */ 12/ 1%/
:re'uency 0 % 12 2/ 1% * )
,ii) -id. ;alue0 % 1/ 2/ #/ 1// 2//
:re'uency0 1/ 1* 2) 13 1/ &
1#) Chan!e the followin! into e$clusi"e continuous series0
-id ;alue 0 *.% 13.% 1*.% 2#.% 3#./ #).% &/./
4o. of persons 0 # * 1% 2% 12 & #
1%) Calculate the mid "alues from the followin! "alues0
,i) Classes 0 /61.% 1.%611.% 11.%621.% 21.%631.% 31.%6#1.%
:re' 0 1/ 2# 32 #/ 1*
,ii) 5roups 0 /6% %61/ 1/62/ 2/63/ 3/6%/ %/6*/
:re' 0 % * * 1% 1/ *
1&) Compute the mid "alues from the followin! series0
,i) =elow 0 %/ #/ 3/ 2/ 1/
4o. of students 0 12 * % # 2
,ii) -ar.s o"er 0 / #/ &/ */ 1//
4o. of students 0 %/ #3 2% 1) )
1)) ,i)Con"ert the followin! series into cumulati"e fre'uency0
-ar.s 0 /61/ 1/62/ 2/63/ 3/6#/ #/6%/ %/6&/
4o. of Students 0 2 % 1/ 12 1% 2%
,ii)Classes 0 %/ #/ 3/ 2/ 1/
4o. of students 0 2& 1& 13 1/ %
1*) Con"ert the followin! into an ordinary series0
Wa!es in 3s 4o. of Wor.ers
>nder 2% )
>nder 3/ 1/
>nder 3% 1%
3%6#/ 22
#/6#% 2%
#%6%/ 3/
%/6%% 3*
%%6&/ #/
11) Con"ert the followin! into an ordinary series0
2ncome in 3s 4o. of ?ersons
@ess than 3/ 1&
@ess than #/ 3&
@ess than %/ &1
%/6&/ 1%
=elow )/ *)
=elow */ 1%
*/ A abo"e %

2/) :rom the followin! information8 prepare a table showin! class and residence6wise number
of students in the faculty of commerce of a colle!e.
7otal number of students is )//. Class6wise distribution0
?re6uni"ersity 1//
=.Com ?t. 1 3//
=.Com ?t.2 2//
=.Com ?t.3 1//
3esidence6wise distribution
?re6>ni"ersity =.Com ?t. 1 =.Com ?t.2 =.Com ?t.3
ostellers */ 2// 1%/ )/
Day Scholars 2/ 1// %/ 3/
21) 7he position of different e$amination results of a colle!e are as follows0
7here were three faculties8"i<8 +rts8 Commerce and Science and three classes in each one of
them8 "i< 8 =.Com ?t.2 8 =.Com ?t.22 and =.Com ?t. 222. 7he total number of students appeared in
+rts 3//8 in commerce #// and in science 2%/. 7he class wise stren!th and pass percenta!e
bein!0
2 + 12/ &/B
22 + 1/% &)B
222 + )% 1/B
2 C 1&/ )/B
22 C 1#/ )/B
222 C 1// *%B
2 S 1// #/B
22 S 1/ &/B
222 S &/ &%B
7abulate the abo"e information in a suitable form showin! actual number of students8
passed class as well as faculty wise and also the total.
22) Calculate arithmetic mean from the followin! data0
?rofits0
,in C///)
3%6#/ 2%63/ 2/62% 1%62/ 1/61% %61/
4o. of
shops
) 1/ 21 2) 1* 1

23) :ind out the mean from the followin! if the step de"iations ha"e been ta.en from assumed
mean 3% and ma!nitude of class inter"al is 1/0
Step
De"iation
63 62 61 / D1 D2
:re'uency % 1/ 2% 3/ 2/ 1/

2#) :rom the followin! data8 calculate the mean.
2ncome in 3s 4o. of ?ersons
=elow 3/ 1&
=elow #/ 3&
=elow %/ &1
=elow &/ )&
=elow )/ *)
=elow */ 1%
*/ A abo"e %

2%) Calculate missin! "alue from the followin! data if arithmetic mean is &&.% years.
?rice 1% 2/ #% #) %% ? )% *2 1%
:re'. 1 2 3 % ) 12 1& 1/ #
2&) 7he followin! mar.s ha"e been obtained in three papers of statistics in an e$amination by 12
students. 2n which paper is the !eneral le"el of the .nowled!e of the students hi!hest? 5i"e
3easons.
Students 1 2 3 # % & ) * 1 1/ 11 12
?aper + 3& %& #1 #& %# %1 %% %1 %2 ## 3) %1
?aper = %* %# 21 %1 %1 #& &% 31 &* #1 )/ 3&
?aper C &% %% 2& #/ 3/ )# #% 21 *% 32 */ 31
2)) Calculate median and 'uartile from the followin! data.
4o.
of
:lowers
% & ) * 1 1/ 11
4o. of
?lants
1% 1* 2% 3/ 12 * )
2*) Calculate median and 'uartile from the followin!
Si<e /6* *61& 1&62# 2#632 326#/
:re' & 1/ 12 1 3
21) Calculate median and ran!e of income of middle */B of wor.ers 0
Wa!es in 3s. 4o. of wor.ers
=elow 1/ %
=elow 2/ *
=elow 3/ 1%
3/6#/ 2/
#/6%/ 3/
%/6&/ 33
&/6)/ 3%
3/) :ind out median and 'uartile from the followin! data 0
Central
;alue
11% 12% 13% 1#% 1%% 1&% 1)% 1*% 11%
:re'uenc
y
& 2% #* )2 11& &/ 3* 22 3
31) 7he median of the followin! incomplete distribution is #*. :ind out the missin! fre'uency
and then find out arithmetic mean 0
Si<e :re'uency
/61/ 1/
1/62/ 1%
2/63/ 2/
3/6#/ ?
#/6%/ %/
%/6&/ &/
&/6)/ ?
)/6*/ 1%
*/61/ 1/
N = 250
32) Si<e of collors of 2// students of a colle!e is !i"en in the followin! statement. Calculate
modal si<e0
Collar
Si<e
,cm)
32 33 3# 3% 3& 3) 3* 31 #/ #1
4o. of
students
) 1# 3/ 2* 3% 3# 1& 1# 3& 1&
33) Calculate arithmetic mean 8 median and mode from the followin! data0
+!e in years 4o. of persons
@ess than 2% *
@ess than 3/ 23
@ess than 3% %1
@ess than #/ *1
@ess than #% 1/3
@ess than %/ 113
@ess than %% 11)
@ess than &/ 12/

3#) :rom the followin! data8 find out the missin! fre'uency . 2f "alue of mode is 22.%% 4 E %/
-id6"alue % 1% 2% 3% #%
:re'uency % ? 2/ ? 3
3%) 2f the median of followin! fre'uency distribution is 1*.*3 and mode is 11.2#. :ind out
missin! :re'uencies and then calculate mean also.
Central
Si<e
% 1/ 1% 2/ 2% 3/ 3% #/
:re'uency 1# * ) ? ? 1/ 1 3
3&) :ind out the mean8 mode and median from the followin! information0
Central
si<e
1 2 3 # % & ) *
:re'uency % %/ #% 3/ 2/ 1/ 1% %
3)) :rom the followin! data8 find the ,i) a"era!e salary ,ii) median salary and ,iii) the most
common salary 0
Salary in 3s. 4o. of persons
-ore than 1// 1//
-ore than 1* 1*
-ore than 13 13
-ore than *3 *3
-ore than 3// #3
-ore than 3%/ 23
-ore than #// 12
-ore than #%/ %

3*) :rom the followin! series calculate mean 8 median and mode0
;alue ,3s.) :re'uency
1/62/ #
1/63/ 1&
1/6#/ %&
1/6%/ 1)
1/6&/ 12#
1/6)/ 13)
1/6*/ 1#&
1/61/ 1%/
31)
Central Si<e 4o. of persons
1 3
2 %
3 12
# 2/
% 32
& 1*
) 1
* #
1 3
1/ 2
,i) :ind out the ran!e of mar.s within which middle %/B of the students lieF
,ii) :ind out the mar.s of a student whose mar.s are !reater than that of %/B of the
students.
#/) 7he wor.in! results in 31 -arch8 2//1 of %/ branches of a concern are !i"en below. :ind
out mean8 median and mode.
@oss,3s.) 4o. of =ranches ?rofit,3s.) 4o. of =ranches
2///63/// 3 /61/// 12
1///62/// % 1///62/// 1&
/61/// & 2///63/// *
#1) Calculate mean8 median8 'uartile and mode from the followin! series0
-.;. # 1/ 1* 2* 3* #&.%
:re'uency * & 1 12 ) *

#2) Calculate mean8 median and 'uartile from the followin! data0
2ncome in 3s. 4o. of persons
=elow 3/ 1&
=elow #/ 3&
=elow %/ &1
%/6&/ 1%
=elow )/ *)
=elow */ 1%
*/ and abo"e %
#3) :rom the followin! data8 calculate mean 8 median A mode0
Wa!es in 3s. 4o. of ?ersons
>nder * %
>nder 1& 12
*62# 21
2# A o"er 31
326#/ *
#/ A o"er 11
#* A o"er %
##) Calculate mean8 median A mode from the followin! data0
Wa!es in 3s. 4o. of ?ersons
=elow 13 3
1361% %
1%61) &
=elow 11 21
=elow 21 2&
21623 #
=elow 2% 33

#%) Calculate mean8 median and mode from the followin! data 0
Wa!es in 3s 4o. of Wor.ers
@ess than % )
@ess than 1/ 2/
%61% 3*
1% and abo"e %%
2/62% 2/
2% and abo"e /%
3/ and abo"e 11/

Unit III:
#&) 7he monthly ?rofitG@oss for si$ months of a company is as under. Calculate ran!e and its
coefficient0
-onths +pril -ay Hune Huly +u!ust September
?rofitG@oss )// #// 613// 1*// %/// 62//
#)) :ind out the ran!e and its coefficient from the followin!0
-ar.s
below
1/ 2/ S #/ %/
4o. of
students
2/ #/ */ *1 1%
#*) 7he daily wa!es of %// wor.ers in a factory are !i"en below. Calculate coefficient of
Iuartile de"iation
Wa!es,
in 3s)
1/61// */61/ )/6*/ &/6)/ %/6&/ #/6%/
4o. of
wor.ers
1*% 12/ 12 &/ 3/ 13
#1) :ind out the coefficient of 'uartile de"iation from the followin!
Central
"alue
,in J!)
11 13 1% 1) 11 21 23
4o. of
bo$es
2 1 2/ 2% 2# 1% %
%/) Calculate dispersion of the followin! series by usin! coefficient from mean
Wee.ly wa!es ,in 3s.) :actory +
@ess than % 2/
%61/ 1*
1/61% 3/
1%62/ 2%
2/62% 2/
2%63/ 1%
%1) Calculate mean and standard de"iation from of all laborers from followin! distribution
relatin! to salary of s.illed A uns.illed laborers of a factory0
Salary S.illed >ns.illed
2/63/ # &
3/6#/ 3 *
#/6%/ * #
%/6&/ # 1
&/6)/ 3 #
)/6*/ 2 %
%2) 7he followin! is the record of !oals scored by team C+9 in a football season0
4o. of
!oals
scored
/ 1 2 3 #
4o. of
matches
1 1 ) % 3

:or team = the a"era!e number of !oals scored per match was 2.% with S.D. of 1.2% !oals.
Which team may be considered more consistent.
%3) 5oals scored by two teams + and = in a football match durin! season were as follows0
4o. of !oals scored
in match
4umber of matches
7eam + 7eam =
/ 1% 2)
1 1/ /1
2 1 /)
3 ) #
# # 3
7otal #% %/
Which team may be considered more consistent?
Unit IV:
%#) Calculate the coefficient of correlation for the a!es of husband and wife0
+!e of
husband
23 2) 2* 2* 21 3/ 31 33 3% 3&
+!e of
wife
1* 2/ 22 2) 21 21 2) 21 2* 21
%%) Calculate Jarl ?earson9s coefficient of correlation between a!e and passin! of e$amination
A its probable error.
+!e in
years
1) 1* 11 2/ 21 22 23
?ass
?ercenta!e
&1 &/ %) && &# &1 %1
56) From the following table. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between X and Y series:
K Series
L Series
1/613 &61 26%
7otal
2/62# 2 1 666 3
1%611 1 3 666 #
1/61# 666 2 2 #
%61 666 1 1 2
/6# 666 1 1 2
%)) :ind out the coefficient of correlation from the followin! bi"ariate table
$Gy 63 62 61 / 1 2 3 7otal
63 666 666 666 666 666 666 1/ 1/
62 666 666 666 666 1& & * 3/
61 666 666 666 1* 1# * 666 #/
/ 666 666 # 1/ 1* & 666 3*
1 666 # & 12 666 666 666 22
2 & & 666 666 666 666 666 12
3 * 666 666 666 666 666 666 *
7otal 1# 1/ 1/ #/ #* 2/ 1* 1&/
%*) 7he competitors in a beauty contest are ran.ed by two Mud!es in the followin! order0
:irst
Hud!e
1 & % 1/ 3 2 # 1 ) *
Second
Hud!e
2 * # 1 & 1 % 3 ) 1/
Calculate the coefficient of ran. correlation.
%1) Calculate the coefficient of concurrent de"iation from the followin! data0
Kears 2//2 2//3 2//# 2//% 2//& 2//) 2//*
Supply 1%/ 1%# 1&/ 1)2 1&/ 1&% 1*/
?rice 2// 1*/ 1)/ 1&/ 11/ 1*/ 1)2
&/) 7he followin! are the mar.s obtained by a !roup of 1 students in accountancy and statistics
out of 1// in each paper0
-ar.s in
accountancy
)/ %% #/ &/ 2% %/ 3% */ *%
-ar.s in
statistics
%/ #/ &/ )/ 3/ #% %% &% */
&1) 7he hei!hts of fathers and sons are !i"en in the followin! table0
ei!ht of
father,inches)
&% && &) &) &* &1 )1 )3
ei!ht of son
,inches)
&) &* &# &* )2 )/ &1 )/
&2) :rom the followin! data8 find the two re!ression e'uation0
L 1 2 3 # % & )
K 2 # ) & % & %
&3) 7wo random "ariables ha"e least s'uare re!ression lines with re!ression e'uations0
2L D 3K 6 2& E /
L D &K 6 31 E /
N
L
2

E
1
:ind out mean N
y
G N
$
of both the "ariables and "alue of r also.
&#) :or two correlated series of L and K0
X
E 3&F
Y
E#/F N$

E &F N
y
E *F r E #G%
:ind the two lines of re!ression. ?redict K when L E 21c and predict L when K E #%.
&%) 5i"en the followin! data0
;ariance of L E 18 3e!ression e'uations0
#L O %K D 33 E /
2/L 61K O 1/) E /
:ind ,i) the mean "alues of L and K 8 ,ii) the S.D. of K8 and ,iii) coefficient of correlation
between L A K.
&&) ,a) + ba! contains * white and # red balls. % balls are drawn at random from the ba!. What is
the probability that 2 are red and 3 are white balls?
,b) ow many different !roups of 3 males and 3 females can be formed out of 12 males and
1& females?
&)) + card is drawn at random out of pac. of %2 cars. What is the probability that the card is
,i) + 'ueen ,ii) + blac. cards ,iii) +n ace of spade?
&*) ,+) + ba! contains 2% balls8 numbered from 1 to 2%. Pne is to be drawn8 find the
probability that the number of the drawn ball will be a multiple of 3 or %.
,=) + ba! contains 1 red and 1# white balls8 2 balls are drawn from the ba!. :ind the
probability that both are of the same color.
&1) ,a)+ ba! contains % white and # blac. balls. Pne ball is drawn from the ba! and then
replaced . +nother ball is drawn after the replacement. :ind the probability that both
drawin!s are of white balls.
,b) + ba! contains ) red and 11 white balls. 2f two balls are drawn from the ba!8 find the
probability that ,i) both are red8 ,ii) one ball is red and one is white.
)/) 7he odds a!ainst an e"ent is %03 and in fa"or of another independent e"ent is )0%. What is
the probability of happenin! at least one e"ent?
)1) ) coins are tossed 2%& times. :ind the probability and e$pected fre'uencies of the followin!
outcomes0
,i)% heads ,ii) % or more heads ,iii) less than 3 heads ,i") at least & heads ,") no head

)2) 2f the proportion of defecti"es in a lot is %B. :ind the probability of not more than 2
defecti"es in a sample of 1/ units.
,e
6%
E /.&/&% )

)3) 7he followin! table !i"es the number of automobile accidents and number of days for a
period of %/ days. Pbtain ?oisson distribution from the !i"en data0
4o. of
accidents
/ 1 2 3 #
4o. of days 21 1* ) 3 1
)#) 7he Delhi -unicipal Corporation installed 1/8/// electric bulbs in the streets of the city. 2f
these bulbs ha"e an a"era!e life of 1*%/ hours with a standard de"iation of 2// hours8 what
number of bulbs may be e$pected to burn less than 1&// hours?