1. Wohl et al.

(E13) studied the physiological properties of the lungs in the patients who received
therapeutic bilateral pulmonary irradiation in early childhood. Their subjects consisted of three
groups of children. Group 1 was composed of six children who received a single course of
bilateral pulmonary irradiation. Group 2 contained six children who had received additional
pulmonary radiotherapy or thoracic surgery or both. Group 3 consisted of eight children who
received no irradiation directed primarily to the lung. Vital capacity values, expressed as
percentages of predicted values based on standing height, for subjects in the three groups are
shown in Table 6.17. Test the null hypothesis of no difference among the three populations
represented against the ordered alternative that the median vital capacity values are in the
order: group 2 group 1 group 3. Determine the P value.
Vital capacity values expressed as percentages of predicted values based on standing height, in
three groups of subjects
Group 1: Bilateral Pulmonary irradiation
71 57 85 67 66 79
Group 2: Additional pulmonary irradiation or thoracic surgery
76 94 61 36 42 49
Group 3: No pulmonary irradiation
80 104 81 90 93 85 101 83
Source: Mary Ellen B. Wohl, N. Thornton Griscom, Demetrius G. Traggis, and Norman Jaffee, Effects of Therapeutic
Irradiation Delivered in Early Childhood upon Subsequent Lung Function. Pediatrics, 55 (1975), 507-516
2. Davis (E14) investigated the performance of hard-of-hearing school children on atask involving
knowledge of 50 basic concepts considered necessary for satisfactory academic achievement
durng kindergatrten, first grade, and second grade. The raw scores made by 24-hard-of-hearing
school children (kindergarten to third grade) on the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (E15) are
shown in Table 6.18 by age. Do these data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that, on the
average, scores tend to increase with age? Find the P value.
Raw Scores for 24 hearing-impaired shildren by age groups
Age 6 Raw Scores 17 20 24 34 34 38
Age 7 Raw Scores 23 25 27 34 38 47
Age 8 Raw Scores 22 23 26 32 34 34 36 38 38 42 48 50
Source: Julia Davis, Performance of Young Hearing-Impaired Children on a Test of Basic Concepts, J. Speech Hear. Res.,
17 (1974), 342-351.


Pembahasan:
Soal 1
1. Hipotesis
H0: MB = MA = MN (Dari ke-3 populasi memiliki median yang sama)
H1: MA MB MN (Median kelompok A kelompok B kelompok N)
2. Tingkat Signifikansi
Ditetapkan = 5%.
3. Daerah Penolakan
H0 akan ditolak apabila J hitung J tabel atau apabila p-value .
4. Statistik Uji
Dipilih uji Johnkheere sampel kecil, karena dalam kasus ini terdapat 3 sampel yang
independen maka diperlukan suatu uji untuk k sampel independen. Serta ingin menguji
apakah dari 3 populasi memiliki median yang sama.
Pertama kita membandingkan observasi-observasi di group B dengan group A sehingga
diperoleh UBA= 11. Kemudian untuk group B dan N diperoleh UBN= 44 dan untuk group A
dan N diperoleh UAN= 42, untuk penghitungan dari masing-masing nilai U seperti terlihat
pada tabel di bawah ini.
B A N
i
j
B
A
B
N
A
N
71
57
85
67
66
79
76
94
61
36
42
49
80
104
81
90
93
85
101
83
2
3
1
2
2
1

8
8
4,5
8
8
8

8
2
8
8
8
8

11 44,5 42

J = 11 + 44,5 +42 =97,5
5. Keputusan
Dengan menggunakan tabel Critical Value of J, The Johnkheere test statistics maka
diperoleh J hitung = 97 > J tabel =90 (dengan alpha=0,05)
6. Kesimpulan:


Soal 2
1. Hipotesis
H0: MA = MB = MC (Median skor di setiap tingkatan umur sama)
H1: MA MB MC (Median skor meningkat sesuai peningkatan umur)
2. Tingkat Signifikansi
Ditetapkan = 5%.
3. Daerah Penolakan
H0 akan ditolak apabila hitung

.
4. Statistik Uji
Dipilih uji Johnkheere untuk kasus sampel besar, karena dalam kasus ini terdapat 3 sampel
yang independen dan ingin menguji apakah 3 sampel tersebul memiliki median yang sama.
Serta kombinasi dari nilai

yang tidak terdapat pada tabel Johnkheere maka

dilakukan pendekatan ke distribusi normal dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut.

)

A B C
i
j
A
B
A
C
B
C
17
20
24
34
34
38
23
25
27
34
38
47
22
23
26
32
34
34
36
38
38
42
6
6
6
2,5
2,5
1,5
12
12
10
7
7
4
10,5
10
9
7
4
2
48
50
24,5 52 42,5
, ,

[

]
[

. )

. )

. )

. )

]
, ,
5. Keputusan
Karena z hitung(1,58) <

(1,645) maka keputusannya adalah Tidak tolak

.
6. Kesimpulan
Dengan demikian, median skor dari populasi di setiap tingkatan umur sama.