Applied System Engineering

&'0$ 6\VWHP 3DUDPHWHUV

7HFKQLFDO ([FKDQJH 0HHWLQJ

3/6/98

Page 1

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

I removed the 1.9GHz adjective to the title. The slides were really designed for
800 MHz. I have added notes to some other slides indicating some differences
between 1900 and 800. (Sam Fernandez)

Applied System Engineering

2YHUYLHZ
2YHUYLHZ FXVWRPHUFKDQJHDEOH V\VWHP SDUDPHWHUV LQ
0RWRUROD &'0$ V\VWHP
'LVFXVV LPSDFW WR V\VWHP SHUIRUPDQFH RI SDUDPHWHU
FKDQJHV
,QWURGXFH UHFRPPHQGHG VHWWLQJV

3/6/98

Page 2

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KUHH &DWHJRULHV RI 3DUDPHWHUV
&XVWRPHU FKDQJHDEOH WKURXJK ILHOG RSWLPL]DWLRQ
! +DQGRII SDUDPHWHUV
! &HOO VL]H SDUDPHWHUV
&XVWRPHU FKDQJHDEOH WKURXJK FDOLEUDWHG ODE WHVWLQJ
! 3RZHU FRQWURO SDUDPHWHUV
)L[HG 3DUDPHWHUV

3/6/98

Page 3

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

There are three categories of parameters.

The first catagory are those whose changes are easily evaluated through field
optimization techniques. Handoff parameters and forward link ERP are included in
this list.
The second category are those which require a calibrated laboratory evaluation to
achieve the repeatability required in their evaluation.Power control parameters are
included in this group.
The final set of parameters are those that should, in most typical cases, never be
chenged in the field.

Applied System Engineering

+DQGRII 3DUDPHWHUV

3/6/98

Page 4

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

7B$GG 3LORW 'HWHFWLRQ 7KUHVKROG

5DQJH  WR  G%
 G% LQFUHPHQW
5HFRPPHQG  WR  G%
'DWDEDVH YDOXH  WR 
  [ DFWXDO (F,R
3/6/98

Page 5

Pilot Stength
T_add

Ec/Io (dB )

:KHQ (F,R ! 7BDGG

06 VHQGV 3LORW 6WUHQJWK
0HDVXUHPHQW 0HVVDJH
7UDQVIHU SLORW IURP 1HLJKERU
VHW WR &DQGLGDWH 6HW

T_drop

Handoff Attempt Start

Time
Neighbor
Set

Candidate
Set

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

When the Pilot Ec/Io exceeds the T_add parameter, the mobile station will send a
PILOT STRENGTH MEASUREMENT MESSAGE and transfer the pilot from the
Neighbor set to the Candidate Set.

Applied System Engineering

7B'URS 3LORW 'URS 7KUHVKROG

:KHQ (F,R  7BGURS

Pilot Stength

06 VWDUWV KDQGRII GURS 7LPHU

Ec/Io (dB)

5DQJH

 WR  G%
 G% SHU LQFUHPHQW
5HFRPPHQG  WR  G%
'DWDEDVH YDOXH  WR 
  [ DFWXDO
(F,R 

3/6/98

T_add
T_drop

TTdrop
Time

Active or Candidate
Set

Page 6

Neighbor
Set

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

When the Pilot Ec/Io falls below T_Drop a timer, TT_Drop, is started.
If the Pilot Ec/Io goes above T_Drop, the timer is stopped.
When the timer expires, the Pilot is moved to the Neighbor Set.

Applied System Engineering

77'URS $FWLYH RU &DQGLGDWH 6HW

'URS 7LPHU
:KHQ $FWLYH RU &DQGLGDWH 6HW
'URS 7LPHU !77'URS

5DQJH  WR  VHF QRQOLQHDU

5HFRPPHQG    VHF
'DWDEDVH YDOXH     E\ WDEOH

3/6/98

Page 7

T_add

Ec/Io (dB)

5HPRYH SLORW IURP $FWLYH RU

&DQGLGDWH WR 1HLJKERU
:KHQ &DQGLGDWH VHW LV IXOO DQG
QHHGV WR DGG DQRWKHU SLORW
5HPRYH SLORW FORVHVW WR H[SLUH

Pilot Stength

T_drop

TTdrop
Time

Active or Candidate
Set

Neighbor
Set

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

The TTDrop timer, which we talked about on the previous slide is used to remove
Pilots from the Active Set or Candidate Set to the Neighbor set.
When the candidate set is full and a new Pilot needs to be added via TAdd, the
pilot closest to expiration is removed.
The Mobile Station sends a PSMM for active set pilots only. Candidates are
simply demoted to the neighbor list without any PSMM generation.

Applied System Engineering

+DQGRII 3URFHVVLQJ ([DPSOH

 06 VHQGV 3600 DQG WUDQVIHU SLORW WR FDQGLGDWH VHW
 %6 ([WHQG +DQGRII 'LUHFWLRQ 0HVVDJH
 06 WUDQVIHU SLORW WR $FWLYH DQG VHQGV +DQGRII
&RPSOHWLRQ 0HVVDJH
 06 VWDUWV KDQGRII GURS WLPHU
 06 WLPHU H[SLUHV VHQGV 3600
 %6 VHQGV ([WHQG +DQGRII
'LUHFWLRQ 0HVVDJH
 06 PRYH SLORW IURP $FWLYH
WR 1HLJKERU DQG VHQGV
&RPSOHWLRQ 0HVVDJH
Pilot Stength

Ec/Io (dB )

T_add

T_drop

Time

(1)

Neighbor
Set

3/6/98

Page 8

(2)

Candidate
Set

(3)

(4)

Active
Set

(5)

(6)

(7)

Neighbor
Set

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

7&RPS $FWLYH YV &DQGLGDWH

&RPSDULVRQ 7KUHVKROG
:KHQ (F,R ! 7DGG
Pilot Stength
T_Comp
Ec/Io (dB)

7UDQVIHU SLORW IURP 1HLJKERU VHW WR

&DQGLGDWH 6HW VHQG D 3LORW
6WUHQJWK 0HDVXUHPHQW 0HVVDJH
3600
,I (F,R ! $FWLYH (F,R7&RPS
06 VHQGV DQ DGGLWLRQDO 3600

5DQJH    G%  G% VWHS

5HFRPPHQG  G%
'DWDEDVH YDOXH 
  [ DFWXDO YDOXH

3/6/98

Page 9

Active Pilot 2
Active Pilot 1
T_add

Pilot Po

Neighbour
Set

Handoff Attempt Start

Time

Candidate
Set

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

TComp is used to achieve hysterisis on a MAHO or Pilot Beacon Hard Handoff. It

influences the Pilot Shuffle algorithm.

Applied System Engineering

7$GG 7'URS 7&RPS DQG 77'URS

Too Low
TAdd

Too High

high rate of PSMM,

increase unneccssary handoffs,
require more traffic channel
increase cell size,
use up more traffic channels.

poor FER,
may cause handoff delay,
high MS Tx power at boundary.
reduce size of handoff zone,
increase ping-pong handoff.

TDrop TAdd

increase in messaging.

increase use of Tch resources.

TTDrop

increase ping-pong handoff.

more three-way handoff.

TComp

high rate of PSMM,

require more traffic channels.

may cause delay handoff,

poor FER.

TDrop

3/6/98

Page 10

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This slide shows the impacts of selecting too high or too low of a value for the
various parameters. We also show the impact of too high or too low a difference
between TDrop and TAdd.
Tadd ranges from -10 to -14 dB in our current systems. Tdrop ranges from a range
of -11 to - 16 dB. One important aspect of these two parameters is the difference
between the two settings. There will be more messaging/SHO transitions for a delta
(TAdd-TDrop) of 1 as opposed to 2 dB. TTDrop ranges from 1 (1 second) to 4 (6
seconds). This should be set as long as possible to slow down messaging and PingPong effects. From field experience, TTDrop of 3 seems to require less cell site
level optimization, but results in about increase of 33% PSMMs and about 20%
SHOs over a TTDrop setting of 4.
For ease of deployment it is best to start with the same TAdd, TDrop, TTDrop
settings on all cells. If care is not taken when making changes with respect to
surrounding cells the mobile can be left in a state of soft handoff Ping-Pong. This
will occur when TAdd is lower than TDrop. A better method is to first decrease
TTDrop in situations where pilots get stuck in the active set during rapidly
changing conditions. For non-urban/high rise canyon environments, TAdd mode
with TAdd of -12 and TDrop of -13 with TTDrop of 3 is a good starting point.

Applied System Engineering

1HLJKERU /LVWV

3/6/98

Page 11

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

1HLJKERU $VVRFLDWLRQV3ULRULW\
'HILQHV WKH QHLJKERUV ZKLFK DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV YLDEOH
KDQGRYHU FDQGLGDWHV
0D[LPXP  QHLJKERUV LQ WKH OLVW
1HLJKERU OLVW VHOHFWLRQ
 8VH $036 WRSRORJ\ DV JXLGH
 6LPXODWH 5) FRYHUDJH RYHUODS ]RQH
 8VH 60$3 WR FROOHFW 3600 WR VHDUFK IRU SRWHQWLDO
UHPDLQLQJ SLORW
 5HILQH XVLQJ RSWLPL]DWLRQ SURFHVV
3ULRULW\ UDQN LV VHW E\ WKH RUGHU LQ WKH XVHU GHILQHG
QHLJKERU OLVW RQ WUDIILF FKDQQHOV RQO\
3/6/98

Page 12

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This slide is used to provide some background information on neighbor lists.

-----------------A composite neighbor list is formed when in 2-way or 3-way SHO. This is
accomplished by merging neighbor lists in a round-robin fashion (with the
youngest active pilot last), eliminating all duplicates, and truncating the list to 20
entries.
Recommendations to enter SHO with Remaining Set pilots are, generally, not
honored. Exceptions include the following: if the Remaining Set pilot is, in fact, a
truncated neighbor; OR, if the if the pilot is included in the neighbor list of a
previous active pilot. A previous active pilotis any pilot that was dropped which
was not succeeded by an add attempt (i.e. dropped pilots are remembered until an
add attempt occurs).
Neighbor List Updates (NLU) are sent for every add (either soft or softer).
NLUs are sent also for a drop where the previous NLU involved truncation.

Applied System Engineering

5HYHUVH /LQN 3RZHU &RQWURO

3/6/98

Page 13

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

$FFHVV &KDQQHO 3RZHU &RQWURO

06 WUDQVPLWV WKH ILUVW SUREH DW D
PHDQ RXWSXW SRZHU RI

(DFK DFFHVV SUREH VHTXHQFH

FRQVLVWV RI XS WR 1XP6WHS
6XEVHTXHQW SUREHV LQFUHDVH SRZHU
E\ 3ZU6WHS XQWLO REWDLQ D
UHVSRQVH
,I QHFHVVDU\ DQRWKHU VHTXHQFH ZLOO
EH WUDQVPLWWHG DIWHU %NRII GHOD\

3/6/98

Page 14

Initial Mean Output Power

Tx power level (dBm)

0HDQ 7[ G%P  0HDQ 5[  

1RP3ZU G%  ,QLW3ZU G%

Access Probe
Sequence

Time

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

There are two parameters which determine the power of the Access channel.
NomPwr is the Access Channel Nominal Transmit Power Offset. It is the
correction factor the mobiles are to use in the open loop power estimate. It is sent
to the mobile in the Access Parameters Message. Range -8 to 7 dB.
InitPwr is the Initial Power for Access. It is the correction factor to be used by
mobile stations in the open loop power estimate for the initial transmission on an
access channel. Sent to the mobile in the Access Parameters Message, Range -16
to 15 dB.
______________
The equation for J-STD-8 is:
Mean Tx (dBm) = - Mean Rx (dBm) - 76 + NomPwr (dB) + InitPwr (dB)
- 16 x NOM_PWR_EXT
The Nom_Pwr_Ext flag provides an additional 16 dB of attenuation. It effectively
changes the range of NomPwr from -8 to 7 dB to -24 to 7 dB.
(Sam Fernandez)

Applied System Engineering

$FFHVV &KDQQHO 3RZHU &RQWURO FRQWG

1RP3ZU $FFHVV &KDQQHO 1RPLQDO 3RZHU 2IIVHW
5DQJH  WR  G%
5HFRPPHQG
 G%
,QLW3ZU ,QLWLDO 3RZHU IRU $FFHVV
5DQJH  WR  G%
5HFRPPHQG
 G%
7UDGHRII
7UDGHRII +LJKHU
+LJKHUSRZHU
SRZHUSURYLGHV
SURYLGHVDDKLJKHU
KLJKHU
SUREDELOLW\
WKDW
%76
ZLOO
GHWHFW
SUREHV
SUREDELOLW\ WKDW %76 ZLOO GHWHFW SUREHVEXW
EXW
DOVR
SURYLGH
D
KLJKHU
LQWHUIHUHQFH
RQ
WKH
DOVR SURYLGH D KLJKHU LQWHUIHUHQFH RQ WKH
5HYHUVH
5HYHUVH/LQN
/LQN
3/6/98

Page 15

V5.0. Changed recommended values. Sam Fernandez

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

&ORVHG /RRS 5HYHUVH 3RZHU &RQWURO

3DUDPHWHUV
53&0D[ (E1R 0D[ (E1R LQ 5HYHUVH 3RZHU &RQWURO
53&7KUVK0D[ &RUUHVSRQGLQJ WKUHVKROG SDUDPHWHUV
7KH 0D[LPXP WKUHVKROG UHVWULFWV DQ\ SDUWLFXODU 06 IURP
UHTXLULQJ WRR PXFK (E1R
,QFOXGH LQSXWV IURP ERWK SULPDU\ DQG GLYHUVLW\ EUDQFKHV
5DQJH    G%  G% VWHS
5HFRPPHQG  G% IRU N  GE IRU N
&RUUHVSRQGLQJ 53&7KUVK0D[  IRU N E\ WDEOH 
7UDGHRII
7UDGHRII
+LJKHU
+LJKHU53&
53&0D[
0D[(E1R
(E1R\LHOGV
\LHOGVEHWWHU
EHWWHU
)(5
DW
WKH
FRVW
RI
KLJKHU
LQWHUIHUHQFH
)(5 DW WKH FRVW RI KLJKHU LQWHUIHUHQFH
3/6/98

Page 16

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

RPCMaxEbNo is theReverse Power Control Maximum Eb/No. Reverse power

control algorithm parameter which specifies maximum Eb/No the power control
threshold is allowed to rise to. This data is used to derive the actual threshold used
by the algorithm. Range 2.0 - 14.9 dB, in 0.1 increments.
The maximum threshold variable (RPCMaxEbNo) restricts any particular mobile
from requiring too much Eb/No (power) to achieve its desired call quality.
V5.0. Recommended value was changed. Value for 13k is 12.9. I dont know the
corresponding table value.
I typically introduce additional material here to discuss the RPC closed loop
mechanism with inner and outer loops and make the connections to the BTS
hardware (i.e. MCC and XCDR).

Applied System Engineering

&HOO 6L]H 3DUDPHWHUV

3/6/98

Page 17

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Applied System Engineering

6LI3LORW3ZU 3LORW &KDQQHO 3RZHU

7KH H[SHFWHG SRZHU LQ G%P RI HDFK SLORW FKDQQHO DW
WKH WRS RI WKH 6,) IUDPH
5DQJH  WR  G%P  G% LQFUHPHQW
5HFRPPHQG  G%P  :DWWV
'DWDEDVH YDOXH
 DFWXDO [ 
3SLORW LV 6LI3LORW3ZU LQ :DWWV
8VLQJ IROORZLQJ HTXDWLRQV WR GHWHUPLQH GLJLWDO JDLQ RI
6FK*DLQ IRU 6\QF DQG 3FK*DLQ IRU 3DJLQJ
PilotGain 2
SchGain

3/6/98

PilotGain 2

PPilot (W)
PSync (W)

PchGain

Page 18

PPilot (W)
Ppaging (W )
Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This slide is used as a reference to show how the Pilot Power at the top of the
frame is related tot the Sync and Paging channel powers through the digital gains.
The recommended setting of 33dBm is for Pilot Power only.
______________
Traffic channel gains are different for rate set 1 and 2. The gains are categorized as
non-changeable and so recommended values are not documented here. (Sam
Fernandez)
I typically introduce additional information here reviewing in simple form the FPC
mechanism (i.e. a stepping algorithm).

Applied System Engineering

&HOO 5DGLXV 'HSHQGHQW 3DUDPHWHUV

$FFHVV FKDQQHO SUHDPEOH VL]H
 3DP6]
0RELOH VHDUFK ZLQGRZV
 6UFK:LQ$ 6UFK:LQ1 6UFK:LQ5
$FFHVV DQG 7UDIILF ZLQGRZ VL]H
 $FK3DP:LQ6] 7FK$FT:LQ6]
3LORW 31 VHTXHQFH RIIVHW LQGH[ LQFUHPHQW
 3LORW,QF

3/6/98

Page 19

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This slide lists the parameters which will control cell radius. The discussion of
these parameters is discussed on the following slides.

Applied System Engineering

3DP6] $FFHVV &KDQQHO 3UHDPEOH 6L]H

7KH $FFHVV &KDQQHO 3UHDPEOH
06 WUDQVPLW IUDPHV RI  ]HURV DW  ESV
$VVLVW WKH EDVH VWDWLRQ LQ DFTXLULQJ WKH VXEVFULEHUV
5HGXFH FHOO VL]H PD\ ORZHU 3DP6]
3DP6] 1XPEHU RI DFFHVV SUHDPEOH FKDQQHO IUDPHV
5DQJH
 WR 
>27$@ 3DP6]  WR 
One Access Channel Slot
Access Channel Preamble

Access Channel Message Capsule

20 ms frame
1+PamSz frames

3/6/98

Page 20

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This parameter defines the number of access channel frames that the mobiles are to
send preamble on when attempting to access the system.
__________________
This discussion gives insight into the sizing of PamSz and its relationship to the
cell radius. In R6, this parameter value was modified indirectly via the cell radius
field.

Applied System Engineering

$FK3DP:LQ6] $FFHVV &KDQQHO

3UHDPEOH :LQGRZ 6L]H
$ FHOO UDGLXV GHSHQGHQW SDUDPHWHU 
$FFHVV DQG WUDIILF FKDQQHO ZLQGRZ VL]H VKRXOG EH
NHSW WR PLQLPXP LQ RUGHU WR
 UHGXFH SLORW VHDUFK WLPH
 LQFUHDVH PXOWLVFDQ SHUIRUPDQFH LQ 0&&
6PDOO DFFHVV ZLQGRZV DOORZ VPDOO SUHDPEOH VL]H
WKXV LQFUHDVH SDJLQJ WKURXJKSXW

3/6/98

Page 21

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

This parameter defines the access channel preamble window size in PN chips. This
can be adjusted with field data to provide the minimum window size, allowing the
access channel to provide maximum sensitivity (multiple searches).
__________________
This discussion gives insight into the sizing of AchPamWinSz and its relationship
to the cell radius. In R6, this parameter value was modified indirectly via the cell
radius field.

Applied System Engineering

$FFHVV DQG 7UDIILF :LQGRZ 6L]H

$FK3DP:LQ6]
5DGLXV NP YV 3DP6] DQG
:LQGRZ VL]H FKLSV
$FFHVV SUHDPEOH ZLQGRZ VL]H
Cell radius (km) window size
PamSz (frames)
(PN chips)
5DQJH  
8VH UDGLXV SDUDPHWHU LQ VHFJHQ
FOL
10.0 to 11.9
100
1
7FK$FT:LQ6]
7UDIILF DFTXLVLWLRQ ZLQGRZ
VL]H IRU KDQGRIIV
5HFRPPHQG $FK3DP:LQ6]
 FKLSV
0.0
1.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
7.0
9.0

to 0.9
to 2.9
to 3.9
to 5.9
to 6.9
to 8.9
to 9.9

12
25
37
50
62
75
87

0
0
0
0
1
1
1

12.0
13.0
15.0
16.0
18.0
19.0
21.0
22.0
24.0
25.0
27.0

to 12.9
to 14.9
to 15.9
to 17.9
to 18.9
to 20.9
to 21.9
to 23.9
to 24.9
to 26.9
to 27.9

112
125
137
150
162
175
187
200
212
225
237

2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4

,PSOHPHQW WKUX WFKJHQ FOL

3/6/98

Page 22

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

As a general philosophy, access and traffic channel window sizes should be kept to
their minimum in order to allow maximum searcher performance (multiple scans)
for both the BTS-MCCCE (channel element) and mobile station. In addition,
smaller access windows allow for reduced preamble size which can increase the
paging throughput and paging response time by reducing the slot size.
TchAcqWinSz should be as large or slightly larger then AchPamWinSz.
impacts only handoffs.

It

TchPamWinSz - centers a smaller window based on information learned through

the access channel acquisition process.

Applied System Engineering

6UFK:LQ$
06 VHDUFK ZLQGRZ VL]H IRU SLORWV RI WKH DFWLYH DQG
FDQGLGDWH VHWV GXH WR PXOWLSDWK GHOD\
7KH VL]H VKRXOG EH HQRXJK WR FRYHU  RI WKH
H[SHFWHG PXOWLSDWK IURP VHUYLQJ FHOOV
7RR VPDOO D ZLQGRZ VL]H PD\ OHDG WR QRW GHWHFWLQJ
XVHIXO PXOWLSDWK HQHUJ\
5DQJH
   FKLSV
 GDWDEDVH YDOXH    
5HFRPPHQG VWDUW  FKLSV  GDWDEDVH YDOXH  

3/6/98

Page 23

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

The Active pilot set search window size. This size is made large enough to
incorporate 95% of the expected delay spread energy. This window size may also
need to be set on a per sector basis. This will be extremely difficult to do without
knowing the delay spread environment for each sector. Just increasing all active
pilot search window sizes would reduce the likelihood of missing pathlogical rays
but at the expense of increasing PN hypothesis search time. Increasing PN
hypothesis search time would increase soft handoff delay.

Applied System Engineering

6UFK:LQ1 DQG 6UFK:LQ5

6UFK:LQ1 06 VHDUFK ZLQGRZ VL]H IRU SLORWV RI
1HLJKERU VHW
6UFK:LQ5 06 VHDUFK ZLQGRZ VL]H IRU SLORWV RI
5HPDLQLQJ VHW
7KH VL]H VKRXOG EH ODUJH HQRXJK WR FRYHU GLIIHUHQWLDO
WLPH GHOD\ EHWZHHQ 06 DQG SRWHQWLDO FHOOV
7RR VPDOO LQFUHDVH WKH FKDQFH WR PLVV SLORW
7RR ELJ KDQGRII GHOD\ PD\ FDXVHG E\ ORQJ VHDUFK WLPH
5HFRPPHQG VWDUW
6UFK:LQ1
 FKLSV
6UFK:LQ5
 FKLSV
3/6/98

Page 24

 GDWDEDVH YDOXH  
 GDWDEDVH YDOXH  
Motorola Confidential Proprietary

The Neighbor pilot set search window sizeis made large enough to account for
differential time delay between the mobile and a potential handoff cell given in the
mobiles neighbor list. The worst case differential delay would be the case when
the mobile is next to a serving site and tries to handoff to another distant site.
The remaining pilot set search window size is similar to SrchWinN except the sites
will typically be further away. Our current infrastructure does not promote
remaining set pilots to the candidate set.

Applied System Engineering

6UFK ZLQGRZ VL]H YV 'LVWDQFH GHOD\

SrchWin
Window size (chips)
Delay (us)
distance (mi)
SrchWin
Window size (chips)
Delay (us)
distance (mi)

3/6/98

0
4
1.6
0.2
8
60
47.2
4.4

1
6
3.3
0.3
9
80
63.5
5.9

2
8
4.9
0.5
10
100
79.8
7.5

3
4
5
6
7
10
14
20
28
40
6.5
9.8
14.6 21.2 30.9
0.6
0.9
1.4
2.0
2.9
11
12
13
14
15
130
160
226
320
452
104.2 128.6 182.3 258.8 366.2
9.7
12.0 17.0 24.2 34.2

Page 25

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Here are the equations used to calculate the table values:

(chips - 2) * 0.8138 = delay (micro-seconds)
(chips - 2)/2 * 244 m/1609.2 m/mi = distance (miles)
(chips - 2) * 0.0758 = distance (miles)
(chips - 2) * 0.122 = distance (kilometers)
The -2 is to compensate for time-of-flight (i.e. real world) delays. If you were
starting with a distance and calculating a window size, you would add two chips.

Applied System Engineering

3LORW,QF
3LORW,QF LV VHW WR WKH JUHDWHVW FRPPRQ GLYLVRU RI
RIIVHW DVVLJQPHQWV LQ D V\VWHP )RU H[DPSOH ZKHQ
3,/27B,1&  WKHQ RQO\ PXOWLSOHV RI  DUH YDOLG
RIIVHWV 06 XVHV WKLV SDUDPHWHU WR GHWHUPLQH ZKLFK
SLORWV WR VFDQ DPRQJ WKH UHPDLQLQJ VHW
%6 XVHV WKLV SDUDPHWHU WR SHUIRUP RIIVHW LQGH[
GHWHUPLQDWLRQ WUDQVODWLQJ SKDVH WR RIIVHW LQGH[
6HOHFW D YDOXH WKDW PLQLPL]HV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI
IDOVLQJ &RPPRQ YDOXHV DUH  WR 
6PDOO V\VWHPV ! ODUJHVW 3,/27B,1& ZR UHXVH
3/6/98

Page 26

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

PilotInc is the Pilot PN Sequence Offset Index Increment. The mobile station uses
this field to determine how remaining set pilots should be searched. This data is
sent to the mobile station in the RF: Neighbor List Message and the RF: Neighbor
List Update Message.