Flag of India

1
Flag of India
India
Tirang
Name Tiranga; Tricolour
Use National flag
Proportion 2:3
Adopted 22 July 1947
Design Horizontal tricolour flag (India saffron, white, and India green). In the centre of the white is a navy blue wheel with 24
spokes
Designedby
Pingali Venkayya
[1]
The National Flag of India is a horizontal rectangular tricolour of deep saffron, white and India green; with the
Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in blue at its centre. It was adopted in its present form during a meeting of the
Constituent Assembly held on 22 July 1947, when it became the official flag of the Dominion of India. The flag was
subsequently retained as that of the Republic of India. In India, the term "tricolour" (Hindi: , Tirang) almost
always refers to the Indian national flag. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress
designed by Pingali Venkayya.
The flag, by law, is to be made of khadi, a special type of hand-spun cloth of cotton or silk made popular by
Mahatma Gandhi. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian
Standards. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission,
who allocate it to the regional groups. As of 2009, the Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha was the sole
manufacturer of the flag.
Usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India and other laws relating to the national emblems. The original
code prohibited use of the flag by private citizens except on national days such as the Independence day and the
Republic Day. In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, Naveen Jindal, the Supreme Court of India
directed the Government of India to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the Union
Cabinet of India amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some
additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing. The flag code also governs the protocol of flying
the flag and its use in conjunction with other national and non-national flags.
Flag of India
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Design and construction details
Sizes of the National Flag
Flag size Length and width (mm) Size of Ashoka Chakra (mm)
1 63004200 1295
2 36002400 740
3 27001800 555
4 18001200 370
5 1350900 280
6 900600 185
7 450300 90
8 225150 40
9 150100 25
According to the Flag code of India, the Indian flag has a ratio of two by three (where the length of the flag is 1.5
times that of the width). All three stripes of the flag (India saffron [Kesariya in the code], white and India green)
should be equal in width and length. The size of the Ashoka Chakra was not specified in the Flag code, but the
Ashoka Chakra must have twenty-four spokes that are evenly spaced. In section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Manufacturing
standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart that details the size of the Ashoka Chakra on the nine specific sizes of
the national flag. In both the Flag code and IS1, they call for the Ashoka Chakra to be printed or painted on both
sides of the flag in navy blue color. Below is the list of specified shades for all colors used on the national flag, with
the exception of navy blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag" as defined in the 1931 CIE
Color Specifications. The navy blue colour can be found in the standard IS:18031973.
Materials 3.1.2.2: Colours
Colour X Y Z Brightness
White 0.313 0.319 0.368 72.6
India saffron (Kesariya) 0.538 0.360 0.102 21.5
India green 0.288 0.395 0.317 8.9
Symbolism
Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya,
an agriculturist from Machilipatnam. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of
making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing. The design was then modified to include a white stripe
in the centre for other religious communities, and provide a background for the spinning wheel. Subsequently, to
avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, saffron, white and green were chosen for the three bands,
representing courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively.
A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly
decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. So, a modified version of the Swaraj
flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the charkha was replaced by
the Ashoka Chakra representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later
became India's first Vice President and second President, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as
Flag of India
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follows:

Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate
themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our
relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of
dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes
motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel
represents the dynamism of a peaceful change.
History
India was under British rule in the 19th century. A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period
preceding the Indian Independence Movement by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian
flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the establishment of
direct imperial rule. The first flag, whose design was based on western heraldic standards, were similar to the flags
of other British colonies, including Canada and Australia; the blue banner included the Union Flag in the upper-left
quadrant and a Star of India capped by the royal crown in the middle of the right half. To address the question of
how the star conveyed "Indianness", Queen Victoria created the Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India
to honour services to the empire by her Indian subjects. Subsequently, all the Indian princely states received flags
with symbols based on the heraldic criteria of Europe including the right to fly defaced British red ensigns.
Flag of British India, 18581947
In the early twentieth century, around the coronation of Edward VII, a
discussion started on the need for a heraldic symbol that was
representative of the Indian empire. William Coldstream, a British
member of the Indian Civil Service, campaigned the government to
change the heraldic symbol from a star, which he considered to be a
common choice, to something more appropriate. His proposal was not
well received by the government; Lord Curzon rejected it for practical
reasons including the multiplication of flags. Around this time,
nationalist opinion within the dominion was leading to a representation through religious tradition. The symbols that
were in vogue included the Ganesha, advocated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Kali, advocated by Aurobindo Ghosh
and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Another symbol was the cow, or Gau Mata (cow mother). However, all these
symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population.
The partition of Bengal (1905) resulted in the introduction of a new Indian flag that sought to unite the multitude of
castes and races within the country. The Vande Mataram flag, part of the Swadeshi movement against the British,
comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white
lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and
the Bande Mataram slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in Calcutta bereft of any
ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary
governmental or political reports either, but was used at the annual session of the Indian National Congress. A
slightly modified version was subsequently used by Madam Bhikaji Cama at the Second Socialist International
Meeting in Stuttgart. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian
nationalists.
Flag of India
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The Vande Mataram flag raised by Bhikaiji Cama
in 1907
Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by
Sister Nivedita, a Hindu reformist and disciple of Swami Vivekananda.
The flag consisted of a thunderbolt in the centre and a hundred and
eight oil lamps for the border, with the Vande Mataram caption split
around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National
Congress meeting in 1906. Soon, many other proposals were initiated,
but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement. In
1916, Pingali Venkayya submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a
booklet funded by members of the High Court of Madras. These many
proposals and recommendations did little more than keep the flag
movement alive. The same year, Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak adopted a new flag as part of the Home
Rule Movement. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and
seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands.
The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in Coimbatore
banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.
Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Congress meeting
in 1921
In the early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across
most British dominions following the peace treaty between Britain and
Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the League of
Nations wanted to use an Indian flag, and this prompted the British
Indian government to place renewed emphasis on the flag as a national
symbol. In April 1921, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wrote in his
journal Young India about the need for an Indian flag, proposing a flag
with the charkha or spinning wheel at the centre. The idea of the
spinning wheel was put forth by Lala Hansraj, and Gandhi
commissioned Venkayya to design a flag with the spinning wheel on a
red and green banner, the red colour signifying Hindus and the green
standing for Muslims. Gandhi wanted the flag to be presented at the Congress session of 1921, but it was not
delivered on time, and another flag was proposed at the session. Gandhi later wrote that the delay was fortuitous
since it allowed him to realise that other religions were not represented; he then added white to the banner colours, to
represent all the other religions. Finally, owing to the religious-political sensibilities, in 1929, Gandhi moved towards
a more secular interpretation of the flag colours, stating that red stood for the sacrifices of the people, white for
purity, and green for hope.
On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in Nagpur commemorating the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre, the Swaraj flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a
confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred
other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of May, Jamnalal Bajaj, the
secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the Flag Satyagraha, gaining national attention and marking a
significant point in the flag movement. The satyagraha, promoted nationally by the Congress, started creating cracks
within the organisation in which the Gandhians were highly enthused while the other group, the Swarajists, called it
inconsequential. Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July, at the insistence of Jawaharlal Nehru
and Sarojini Naidu, Congress closed ranks and the flag movement was endorsed. The flag movement was managed
by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel with the idea of public processions and flag displays by common people. By the end of
the movement, over 1500 people had been arrested across all of British India. The Bombay Chronicle reported that
the movement drew from diverse groups of society including farmers, students, merchants, labourers and "national
servants". While Muslim participation was moderate, the movement enthused women, who had hitherto rarely
participated in the independence movement.
Flag of India
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The Swaraj Flag, officially adopted by the
Congress in 1931
While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's writings and
discourses, the movement received political acceptance following the
Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials and letters to editors
published in various journals and newspapers of the time attest to the
subsequent development of a bond between the flag and the nation.
Soon, the concept of preserving the honour of the national flag became
an integral component of the independence struggle. While Muslims
were still wary of the Swaraj flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim
leaders of the Congress and the Khilafat Movement as the national
flag. Detractors of the flag movement, including Motilal Nehru, soon
hailed the Swaraj flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag
became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past,
the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag, and began to define a policy of response. The
British parliament discussed public use of the flag, and based on directives from England, the British Indian
government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display
of the Swaraj flag. The Swaraj flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the
flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement.
Indian Flag, the first stamp of independent India,
released on 21 Nov 1947, was meant for foreign
correspondence.
[2][3]
A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the
Constituent Assembly was formed. To select a flag for independent
India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an ad hoc committee
headed by Rajendra Prasad and including Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,
Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi and B.R. Ambedkar
as its members. On 14 July 1947, the committee recommended that the
flag of the Indian National Congress be adopted as the National Flag of
India with suitable modifications, so as to make it acceptable to all
parties and communities. It was also resolved that the flag should not
have any communal undertones. The spinning wheel of the Congress
flag was replaced by the Chakra (wheel) from the Lion Capital of
Ashoka. According to Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the chakra was chosen as it was representative of dharma and law.
However, Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel,
this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to
accepting it. The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolor of
deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka wheel in blue in the centre of the white
band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The
resolution was approved unanimously. It served as the national flag of the Dominion of India between 15 August
1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the Republic of India since then.
Flag of India
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Manufacturing process
A header of an Indian flag (size 6, date
2007/2008) certified by the ISI.
The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated
by three documents issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).
All of the flags are made out of khadi cloth of silk or cotton. The
standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008. Nine
standard sizes of the flag are specified by law, and the largest size
9060 ft. is hoisted at the highest flagpole in Delhi, measuring 207 ft.
in height at Central Park in Connaught Place, New Delhi.
In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian Standards Institute
(now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag.
These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metric system which was
adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17
August 1968. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including
sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and hemp cordage. The guidelines are covered under
civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail
terms.
Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to be used for the flag, and flying a flag made of any other
material is punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, besides a fine. Raw materials for khadi are
restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There are two kinds of khadi used: The first is the khadi-bunting which makes up
the body of the flag, and the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured cloth that holds the flag to the pole.
The khadi-duck is an unconventional type of weave that meshes three threads into a weave, compared to the two
threads used in conventional weaving. This type of weaving is extremely rare, and there are fewer than twenty
weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that there should be exactly 150 threads per square
centimetre, four threads per stitch, and one square foot should weigh exactly 205 grams (7.2oz).
The woven khadi is obtained from two handloom units in the Dharwad and Bagalkot districts of northern Karnataka.
Currently, Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha based in Hubli is the only licenced flag production and
supply unit in India. Permission for setting up flag manufacturing units in India is allotted by the Khadi Development
and Village Industries Commission, though the BIS has the power to cancel the licences of units that flout
guidelines. The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was initially manufactured at Garag, a small village in the
Dharwad district. A Centre was established at Garag in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad
Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the Centre's licence to make flags.
Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After quality testing, the material, if approved, is
returned to the factory. It is then separated into three lots which are dyed saffron, white and green. The Ashoka
Chakra is screen printed, stencilled or suitably embroidered onto each side of the white cloth. Care also has to be
taken that the chakra is completely visible and synchronised on both sides. Three pieces of the required dimension,
one of each colour, are then stitched together according to specifications and the final product is ironed and packed.
The BIS then checks the colours and only then can the flag be sold.
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Protocol
Main article: Flag Code of India
Correct horizontal and vertical display of the flag
Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India,
2002 (successor to the Flag Code India, the original flag code); the
Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the
Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971. Insults to the
national flag, including gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as
using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code,
are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or
both. Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the
ground or water, or be used as a drapery in any form. The flag may not
be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before
unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the flag. When out in the open, the flag should always be flown
between sunrise and sunset, irrespective of the weather conditions. Prior to 2009, the flag could be flown on a public
building at night under special circumstances; currently, Indian citizens can fly the flag even at the night, subject to
the restriction that the flag should be hoisted on a tall flagpole and be well-illuminated. The flag should never be
depicted, displayed or flown upside down. Tradition also states that when draped vertically, the flag should not
merely be rotated 90degrees, but also reversed. One "reads" a flag like the pages of a book, from top to bottom and
from left to right, and after rotation the results should be the same. It is considered insulting to display the flag in a
frayed or dirty state, and the same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should
always be in a proper state of maintenance.
The original flag code of India did not allow private citizens to fly the national flag except on national days such as
Independence Day or Republic Day. In 2001, Naveen Jindal, an industrialist used to the more egalitarian use of the
flag in the United States where he studied, flew the Indian flag on his office building. The flag was confiscated and
he was warned of prosecution. Jindal filed a public interest litigation petition in the High Court of Delhi; he sought to
strike down the restriction on the use of the flag by private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with due
decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for the country. At the end of the
appeals process, the case was heard by the Supreme Court of India; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the
Government of India to consider the matter. The Union Cabinet of India then amended the Indian Flag Code with
effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private citizens to hoist the flag on any day of the year, subject to their
safeguarding the dignity, honour and respect of the flag. It is also held that the code was not a statute and restrictions
under the code ought to be followed; also, the right to fly the flag is a qualified right, unlike the absolute rights
guaranteed to citizens, and should be interpreted in the context of Article 19 of the Constitution of India. The original
flag code also forbade use of the flag on uniforms, costumes and other clothing. In July 2005, the Government of
India amended the code to allow some forms of usage. The amended code forbids usage in clothing below the waist
and on undergarments, and forbids embroidering onto pillowcases, handkerchiefs or other dress material.
Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or
disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole in private, preferably by burning or by any other
method consistent with the dignity of the flag.
Flag of India
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Display
Placement protocol for the Indian
flag with another country's flag
The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state that when two
flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their hoists
should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is
displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with
the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed
staffs, the hoists must be towards each other and the flags must be fully spread
out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or
buildings, or be draped from railings. Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in
halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the
right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So when the flag is
displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed
on the speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should
be to the right of the audience. The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If
hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag
with the hoist cord at the top.
A flag procession
The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or
flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the
front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a
statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering
for the object. As a mark of respect to the flag, it should never be
dipped to a person or thing, as opposed to regimental colours,
organisational or institutional flags, which may be dipped as a mark of
honour. During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review,
all persons present should face the flag and stand at attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate
salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them.
A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the
national anthem.
Indian Flag at Red Fort
The privilege of flying the national flag on vehicles is restricted to the
President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister, Governors and
Lieutenant Governors of states, Chief Ministers, Union Ministers,
members of the Parliament of India and state legislatures of the Indian
states (Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad), judges of the Supreme
Court of India and High Courts, and flag officers of the Army, Navy
and Air Force. The flag has to be flown from a staff affixed firmly
either on the middle front or to the front right side of the car. When a
foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag
should be flown on the right side of the car while the flag of the foreign
country should be flown on the left side. The flag should be flown on
the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside
the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown; however, when the aircraft lands in countries
en route, the national flags of the respective countries would be flown instead. When carrying the president within
India, aircraft display the flag on the side the president embarks or disembarks; the flag is similarly flown on trains,
but only when the train is stationary or approaching a railway station.
Flag of India
9
When the Indian flag is flown on Indian territory along with other national flags, the general rule is that the Indian
flag should be the starting point of all flags. When flags are placed in a straight line, the rightmost flag (leftmost to
the observer facing the flag) is the Indian flag, followed by other national flags in alphabetical order. When placed in
a circle, the Indian flag is the first point and is followed by other flags alphabetically. In such placement, all other
flags should be of approximately the same size with no other flag being larger than the Indian flag. Each national
flag should also be flown from its own pole and no flag should be placed higher than another. In addition to being
the first flag, the Indian flag may also be placed within the row or circle alphabetically. When placed on crossed
poles, the Indian flag should be in front of the other flag, and to the right (observer's left) of the other flag. The only
exception to the preceding rule is when it is flown along with the flag of the United Nations, which may be placed to
the right of the Indian flag.
When the Indian flag is displayed with non-national flags, including corporate flags and advertising banners, the
rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the
viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be
in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is
carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of
flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession.
Half-mast
The flag should be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning. The decision to do so lies with the President of India,
who also decides the period of such mourning. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the
top of the mast and then slowly lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal
height. The flag is flown half-mast nationwide on the death of the president, Vice-president or prime minister. It is
flown half-mast in New Delhi and the state of origin for the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, and Union Ministers. On deaths of Governors, Lt. Governors and Chief Ministers, the flag is flown at
half-mast in the respective states and union territories. The Indian flag cannot be flown at half-mast on Republic Day
(26 January), Independence day (15 August), Gandhi Jayanti (2 October), National Week (613 April) or state
formation anniversaries, except over buildings housing the body of the deceased dignitary. However, even in such
cases, the flag must be raised to full-mast when the body is moved from the building. Observances of State mourning
on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs in
individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a
foreign country, the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half-mast. On occasions of
state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron
towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre.
Flag of India
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Flying at night
The flag can be flown at night provided that it is properly illuminated with back up source. The flag hoisted at
Central Park, Connaught Place, New Delhi, which is the largest flag of India is one such example.
Footnotes
[1] [1] The current flag is an adaptation of Venkayya's original design, but he is generally credited as the designer of the flag.
[2] India Postage Stamps 19471988.(1989) Philately branch, Department of Posts, India.
[3] Souvenir sheet of the Independence series of stamps, Indian Posts, 1948
Notes
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"My Flag, My Country" (http:/ / www. rediff. com/ news/ 2001/ jun/ 13spec.htm). Rediff.com. Retrieved 1 July
2005.
External links
"National Flag" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20100126160054/ http:/ / india. gov. in/ knowindia/
national_flag. php). National Portal of India. Government of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / india. gov.
in/ knowindia/ national_flag. php) on 26 January 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2010.
"History of Indian Tricolor" (http:/ / web. archive.org/ web/ 20100809095826/ http:/ / india. gov. in/ myindia/
national_flag. php). National Portal of India. Government of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / india. gov.
in/ myindia/ national_flag.php) on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
"Flag Code of India" (http:/ / mha. nic. in/ pdfs/ flagcodeofindia. pdf). Ministry of Home Affairs (India).
Retrieved 8 February 2010.
India (http:/ / flagspot.net/ flags/ in. html) at Flags of the World
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
Flag of India Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=615690497 Contributors: 2pacisalivelikejuice, Aakash Maurya, Aakashraj1990kash, Abecedare, Acroterion, Aesopos, Ahmed
essam eldin, Ahoerstemeier, Ajithclicks13, Akv, Alan Liefting, Aleenf1, Almasuddin, Amarrg, Amartyabag, Ambarish, Ambuj.Saxena, Amit46gupta, Amitkinger, Anaxial, Andy Marchbanks,
Aniten21, Ankur, Antiqueight, AreJay, Arvind Iyengar, AshLin, AshishG, Ashwatham, Astrotrain, Atulsnischal, Aua, Avjoska, Avs dps, Badrish, Bag.adi, Barryob, Bhagwath, Bill, BirgitteSB,
Blanu, Blue520, Bluedenim, Bobo192, Boxerglove, Brhaspati, Brighterorange, BrownHairedGirl, Bryan Derksen, Bsskchaitanya, CALR, CalJW, Captmonk1, Cedrus-Libani, Chanakyathegreat,
Chhaya shukla, Chirags, ChrisGualtieri, Chzz, Cirt, CommonsDelinker, CopperSquare, Cormaggio, Creidieki, Cristyal1, Crunk dady, Cupzonia, D. F. Schmidt, DH85868993, DaGizza,
Dabomb87, Damzow, Daniel C. Boyer, Danny, David from Downunder, De728631, Deepak D'Souza, Denelson83, Denimedger, Desiapollo, Dharmadhyaksha, Dilpreet Singh, Dn9ahx,
DocWatson42, Doctor Phil, Domino theory, DrKiernan, Drawat123, Drmies, Drshenoy, DuKot, Dwaipayanc, Earlypsychosis, Ebyjjose, Edgar181, Edward Z. Yang, Ekabhishek, Entropy,
Epbr123, Error, Eubulides, Euchiasmus, Evano1van, Everyking, Excirial, Exert, Fdp, FeatherPluma, FedLawyer, Flcelloguy, Footballfan190, Fowler&fowler, Fraggle81, Frehley, Frood,
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Iama.ray, Icarusgeek, Idleguy, Ierhaoiskl, Ikescs, Iketsi, India07, Indopug, Ionutzmovie, Iridescent, Isis4563, Ivan Svircevic, J Milburn, J.delanoy, Jackaranga, JackofOz, Jamesx12345, Jamfad,
Jatinbhatt blap, Jauhienij, Jayron32, Jdavidb, Jed, Jeffq, Jncraton, Joelr31, Joffeloff, Johnkarp, Jonoikobangali, Joshua Issac, Josquius, Jovianeye, Joy1963, Jpmeena, Jpoonnolly, Jujordan,
Jusdafax, Kaal, Kanchanamala, KapilTagore, Kaysov, Kbdank71, Kelvinc, Keraunos, Kesal, Khushwantsingh987, King of Hearts, Kingpin13, Kintetsubuffalo, KnowledgeHegemony, Koavf,
Koonerjatt, Kozuch, Krsont, Krun, Ksanyi, Langkid1, Laser brain, Lectonar, LeoO3, Light48, Lightmouse, Liouasd, Livajo, Llamadog903, Lockesdonkey, Lowellian, Lugia2453, Luna Santin,
Luph25, MIKHEIL, MKar, Madhero88, Majora4, Mamizou, Man vyi, Mangoshake90, Manishtiwari, Manuspanicker, Maquahuitl, Marco79, Mate2code, MaximvsDecimvs, Mayankpj, Mcy jerry,
Megatronium, Mellisa Anthony Jones, Mereda, Mike Christie, Miljoshi, Mjaganna, Moe Epsilon, MohitSingh, Moonriddengirl, MrDolomite, Mridul kashyap, Ms2ger, Murica18, MusikAnimal,
Mysid, Nakon, NaranPatel, Naveen Sankar, Neilc, Neutrality, Nichalp, Nickylame2, Nightstallion, Nirvana888, Nixeagle, Oblivious, Ohconfucius, Ohnoitsjamie, Oipaindia, Orzetto,
Oxymoron83, P. S. Burton, Paddu, Pamri, Panairjdde, Parutakupiu, Pavithrans, Phantomsnake, Philip Trueman, Pietras1988, Pinethicket, Pinkadelica, Piscianemperor, Porqin, Pradeeptubati,
Premkudva, Q Chris, Quadell, RadicalBender, Ragib, Raguks, Rajatagarwal, Rak3sh, Ramashray, Ramitmahajan, Randy Kryn, Ranjanivk, Ranveig, Raso mk, Raul654, Recnalew, Redtigerxyz,
Reevelingua, RegentsPark, RexNL, Rjwilmsi, RobertG, Rohith goura, Romit3, Rror, Rsrikanth05, Rueben lys, RussBlau, SBC-YPR, Saint-Paddy, Saippuakauppias, Sam Hocevar,
San1011121314, Sarath.ramabhotla, Sarosh, Sarvagnya, ScottMainwaring, Sfacets, Sh1900, Sharma01234567, ShaunMacPherson, Shreevatsa, Shshshsh, Shyam, SiBr4, Siddeshwarprasad,
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Volker89, Wd-40, Weregerbil, Widr, Wiedeking, WikHead, Wiki aint work, Wiki13, Wikicheng, Willardo, Windhan, Wknight94, Wmahan, WoodElf, World8115, Writtenonsand, Writtenright,
Xorkl000, Yamamoto Ichiro, Yash!, Zscout370, , , , 615 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter
File:IFIS Normal.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:IFIS_Normal.svg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: DoktorMandrake
File:British Raj Red Ensign.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Barryob
File:India1907Flag.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India1907Flag.png License: Public Domain Contributors: Cycn, Erlenmeyer, Mattes, Nichalp, Roland zh
File:1921 India flag.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1921_India_flag.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Nicholas (Nichalp)
File:1931 Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1931_Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Nicholas (Nichalp)
File:1947 India Flag 3 annas.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1947_India_Flag_3_annas.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Image by India Post
File:Indian flag header.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Indian_flag_header.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors:
User:Zscout370. Original uploader was Zscout370 at en.wikipedia
File:India-flag-horiz-vert.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India-flag-horiz-vert.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Nicholas
File:IndiaFlagTwoNations.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:IndiaFlagTwoNations.png License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Cycn, DrKiernan,
Funfood, Nichalp, Roland zh
File:IndiaFlagParade.png Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:IndiaFlagParade.png License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Nichalp, Roland zh
File:Waving Indian Flag At Red Fort.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Waving_Indian_Flag_At_Red_Fort.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike
3.0 Contributors: User:Denimedger
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
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