Festejo, LeaT.

12/19/13
BSNIIA
MICROBIOLOGY
Sir Christian Tu

1. What is Microbiology and its classifications?

Microbiology is the study of microbes and their interactions with humans, animals, plants,
and the environment. is a broad term which includes virology, mycology, bacteriology and
protozoology. A microbiologist is a specialist in microbiology. Microbes are those organisms
usually too small to be seen by the naked eye, such as bacteria, viruses and archaea, and
eukaryotes like yeast, protozoa and algae.

Bacteria (singular:bacterium): are relatively simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms.
Archaea: like bacteria, it consist of prokaryotic cells, but if they have cell walls, the wall
lack peptidoglycan.
Fungi (singular:fungus): are organisms whose cells have a district nucleus containing the
cells genetic material (DNA), surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear
membrane.
Protozoa (singular:protozoan): are unicellular eukaryotic microbes.
Algae (singular: alga): are photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety shapes are both
sexual and asexual reproductive forms.
Viruses: are very different from all other microbial groups. They are so small that most
can be seen with an electron microscope, and they are acellular.

2. What are the different types of diseases that may have in microbiology?

Avian influenza A (H5N1), or bird flu: a viruses that are found in many different animals,
including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, and seals. Certain wild birds particularly,
waterfowl, do not get sick but carry the virus in their intestines and shed it in saliva, nasal
secretions and feces.
West Nile encephalitis (WNE): is inflammation of the brain caused by West Nile virus.
The virus, which is carried by birds, is transmitted between birds and to horses and
humans by mosquitoes.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome): is a disease of the human immune
system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).



3. What is parasitology and its classifications?

Parasitology is the study of parasites and parasitism and the relationship between them.

Parasitic protozoa (Unicellular)
Flagellates have one or more whiplike flagella e.g. Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas
vaginalis
Amebae use pseudopodia or protoplasmic flow to move e.g. Entamoeba
histolytica, Naegleria fowleri
Sporozoa undergo a complex life cycle, alternating sexual & asexual phases e.g.
Plasmodium spp, Cryptosporidium spp
Ciliates are complex protozoa bearing cilia e.g. Balantidium coli

Parasitic helminths (Multicellular)
Nematoda (roundworms)
Elongated , round and un-segmented
Complete digestive system , highly developed separate-sexes
Eggs & larva- suited for external environment.
Most human infections-ingestion of egg or larva
Examples Ascaris lumbricoides, Ankylostoma duodenale, Enterobius
vermiculoaris
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms are flattened, hermaphroditic, with a few exceptions
Two classes, Trematoda (flukes) & Cestoda (tapeworms).
Trematoda (flukes)
Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma spp
Cestodes, or tapeworms
Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus,

4. What are the different types of diseases that may have in parasitolgy?

Amoebiasis: Entamoeba histolitica
Giardiasis: Giardia lamblia
Leishmaniasis: Leishmania donovani
Malaria: Plasmodium falciparum
Hook worm: Ancylostoma duodenale
Round worm: Ascaris lumbricoides
Echinococcosis: Echinococcus granulosa (tape worm)
Pin worm: Enterobious vermicularis
Scabies: Sarcoptes scabiei